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1.
Heavy metals concentration in soils of southeastern part of Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dantu S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,149(1-4):213-222
There is a growing concern over the potential accumulation of heavy metals in soils owing to rapid industrial and urban development and increasing reliance on agrochemicals in the last several decades. These metals can infiltrate through the soil thereby causing groundwater pollution. Surface soil samples (5 to 15 cm) collected from southeastern part of Ranga Reddy district were analyzed for 14 heavy metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn and Zr) using Philips PW 2440 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Results for heavy and trace elements are reported for the first time in soils for this region. The contamination of the soils was assessed on the basis of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I (geo)), contamination factor and degree of contamination. The results reveal that variations in heavy element concentrations in the soil analyzed have both geogenic and anthropogenic contribution, due to the long period of constant human activities in the study area. The concentration of the metals Ba, Rb, Sr, V, Y and Zr were interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials (rocks) and the As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations show contribution from geogenic and anthropogenic sources. The major element variations in soils are determined by the composition of the parent material predominantly involving granites. 相似文献
2.
Rajendra Kumar Isaac Dinesh Kumar Syed Mohd Azmi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):517-527
This study was aimed to establish background and reference values of total heavy metals in soils from a representative area of Albania (Tirana). Thirty-eight soil samples collected from genetic horizons of major soil types of Tirana were analyzed for important physicochemical properties by standard methods and for total contents of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu by atomic absorption spectrometer, after extraction with aqua regia. The results showed that the total contents of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu in surface horizons varied widely with respective mean values of 0.3 (??0.6), 174.2 (??63.7), 305.9 (??133.0), 19.7 (??12.4), 95.5 (??26.3), and 42.7 (??6.8) mg/kg. The highest metal contents were found in two soils developed in limestone. The depth distribution of metals showed a tendency for accumulation of Cd and Pb in the surface horizons of three soils, suggesting that these metals partially come from anthropogenic inputs. Correlation analysis indicated that the metal contents of soils were controlled by soil properties, including pH, CaCO3, clay, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and Fe oxides. The background values (given as the 90th percentile) were much higher than those reported in the literature, showing that the levels of respective metals were naturally higher. The total metal contents of some soils were above background levels, suggesting metal pollution. The reference values for all the analyzed metals were quite consistent with those of the Dutch system. The proposed background and reference values can be used to evaluate the soil pollution with these elements. 相似文献
3.
Total concentrations, fractionation and mobility of heavy metals in soils of urban area of Guwahati, India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Mayur J. Mahanta Krishna G. Bhattacharyya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):221-240
This work describes the results of assessment of the heavy metals, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in urban soil of Guwahati City, India from 31 sites of five different land use types covering residential, commercial, industrial, public utilities, and roadside. Sequential extraction procedure was used to evaluate the relative distribution of the eight metals in exchangeable, carbonate, reducible (Fe?CMn oxide), organic and sulfide, and residual fractions. Of the eight metals, Cd and Co occur in lower concentrations (Cd <?< Co) in all types of land, and concentration variation from one type of land use to another is not much significant for both the metals. Ni presence is more than Co, and the concentrations show some variation depending on land use status. Average Cr and Cu concentrations are ??100?mg/kg, but Cr has a significantly higher presence in industrial land use. The results are similar in case of Pb. The two metals, Mn and Zn have domination over the other metals, and the values are ??300?mg/kg. Industrial and roadside soil contains much more Mn, while commercial soil is most enriched with Zn. Of the metals, Ni has the largest proportion (~42%) bound to the exchangeable fraction and Co, Cr, and Pb also have appreciable proportion bound to the same fraction. A significant amount of Co is associated with carbonates. The reducible fraction has bound considerable quantity of Mn and Zn, while most of Cu is associated with the organic and sulfide fraction. Both Cd and Pb are dominantly associated with the residual fraction. Computation of the mobility factor of the metals indicates Mn to be the most mobile metal present in the soil samples. 相似文献
4.
乌鲁木齐市米东污灌区农田土壤重金属污染评价 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量进行监测分析,利用不同的评价方法和标准对土壤重金属的环境质量进行评价。结果表明:米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量分别为Cd(0.12±0.06)mg/kg,Cu(40.43±5.30)mg/kg,Zn(78.38±11.04)mg/kg,Pb(11.66±11.79)mg/kg,Ni(20.24±8.05)mg/kg,Cr(75.81±8.05)mg/kg。以国家土壤环境质量标准(二级)为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cd>Pb,综合污染指数为0.337,污染程度为安全。以食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cd>Pb,综合污染指数为0.343,污染程度为安全。表明米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量尚能达到食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求。Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量超过乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值,这说明污灌区土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn近年来已有所累积,存在一定的污染风险。 相似文献
5.
Total and available heavy metal concentrations in soils of the Thriassio plain (Greece) and assessment of soil pollution indexes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ioannis Massas Dionisios Kalivas Constantions Ehaliotis Dionisios Gasparatos 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6751-6766
The Thriassio plain is located 25 km west of Athens city, the capital of Greece. Two major towns (Elefsina and Aspropyrgos), heavy industry plants, medium to large-scale manufacturing, logistics plants, and agriculture comprise the main land uses of the studied area. The aim of the present study was to measure the total and available concentrations of Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe in the top soils of the plain, and to asses soil contamination by these metals by using the geoaccumulation index (I geo), the enrichment factor (EF), and the availability ratio (AR) as soil pollution indexes. Soil samples were collected from 90 sampling sites, and aqua regia and DTPA extractions were carried out to determine total and available metal forms, respectively. Median total Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Fe concentrations were 78, 155, 81, 112, 24, 321, 834, 38, and 16?×?103 mg?kg?1, respectively. The available fractions showed much lower values with medians of 0.4, 5.6, 1.7, 6.9, 0.8, 5.7, 19.8, 2.1, and 2.9 mg?kg?1. Though median total metal concentrations are not considered as particularly high, the I geo and the EF values indicate moderate to heavy soil enrichment. For certain metals such as Cr, Ni, Cu, and Ba, the different distribution patterns between the EFs and the ARs suggest different origin of the total and the available metal forms. The evaluation of the EF and AR data sets for the soils of the two towns further supports the argument that the EFs can well demonstrate the long-term history of soil pollution and that the ARs can adequately portray the recent history of soil pollution. 相似文献
6.
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima Franklone Lima da Silva Caroline Miranda Biondi Milton César Costa Campos 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(10):606
The soils of the Brazilian Amazon exhibit large geochemical diversity reflecting the different soil formation processes in an area covering 49% of the Brazilian territory. Soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the threats to the sustainability of this Biome but establishing quality reference values (QRVs) for the region is a challenging owing to the immense territorial area of the Amazon. This study aimed to determine the natural background of heavy metals in soils from the southwestern Brazilian Amazon in order to propose QRVs for Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn for alluvial sedimentary soils. One hundred and twenty-eight soil samples were collected at a depth of 0.0–0.2 m in sites with minimal anthropogenic interference. Soil sample digestion was based on the EPA 3051A method and metal concentrations were determined by ICP-OES. QRVs calculated for the southwestern Brazilian Amazon are among the lowest recorded in Brazil (mg kg?1): Ba (16.5), Cd (0.1), Cr (6.9), Cu (2.8), Fe (15.4), Mn (13.4), Ni (1.7), Pb (4.4), Sb (0.9), and Zn (5.7). The low metal concentration is likely a result of the sedimentary origin of the soils. The results of this study can serve as a basis for defining public policies to investigate the environmental impacts resulting from changes in land use in areas of the Brazilian Amazon. 相似文献
7.
Loghman Khoda Krami Fazel Amiri Alireza Sefiyanian Abdul Rashid B. Mohamed Shariff Tayebeh Tabatabaie Biswajeet Pradhan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9871-9888
One hundred and thirty composite soil samples were collected from Hamedan county, Iran to characterize the spatial distribution and trace the sources of heavy metals including As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and Fe. The multivariate gap statistical analysis was used; for interrelation of spatial patterns of pollution, the disjunctive kriging and geoenrichment factor (EFG) techniques were applied. Heavy metals and soil properties were grouped using agglomerative hierarchical clustering and gap statistic. Principal component analysis was used for identification of the source of metals in a set of data. Geostatistics was used for the geospatial data processing. Based on the comparison between the original data and background values of the ten metals, the disjunctive kriging and EFG techniques were used to quantify their geospatial patterns and assess the contamination levels of the heavy metals. The spatial distribution map combined with the statistical analysis showed that the main source of Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, and V in group A land use (agriculture, rocky, and urban) was geogenic; the origin of As, Cd, and Cu was industrial and agricultural activities (anthropogenic sources). In group B land use (rangeland and orchards), the origin of metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, and V) was mainly controlled by natural factors and As, Cd, Cu, and Pb had been added by organic factors. In group C land use (water), the origin of most heavy metals is natural without anthropogenic sources. The Cd and As pollution was relatively more serious in different land use. The EFG technique used confirmed the anthropogenic influence of heavy metal pollution. All metals showed concentrations substantially higher than their background values, suggesting anthropogenic pollution. 相似文献
8.
Regular ingestion of soils could pose a potential health threat due to long-term toxic element exposure. In order to estimate
the human bioavailability quotients for As and heavy metals, 12 urban roadside soil samples were collected and analyzed for
As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and Cr using Simple Bioavailability Extraction Test (SBET). The quantities of As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni,
Co, and Cr leached from soils within the simulated human stomach for 1 h indicated, on average, 27.3, 71.7, 40.4, 59.3, 17.7,
27.2 and 5.6% bioavailability, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between the amounts leached using
SBET and the total amounts dissolved with HNO3-HCl-HF acid mixtures. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the amounts leached with SBET for As, Pb, Zn,
Ni, and Co were not related to any of the physic-chemical parameters measured (i.e., soil texture, pH, total organic matter).
These results may be valuable for providing input data for risk assessment at sites subject to anthropogenic soil contamination. 相似文献
9.
Quan-Ying Cai Ce-Hui Mo Hai-Qin Li Huixiong Lü Qiao-Yun Zeng Yan-Wen Li Xiao-Lian Wu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1095-1106
The heavy metal concentrations of soil and dust samples from roadside, residential areas, parks, campus sport grounds, and commercial sites were studied in Guangzhou, South China. Heavy metals in samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer following acidic digestion with HClO4 + HF + HNO3. High concentrations, especially of Cd, Pb, and Zn, were found with mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the urban dusts being 4.22?±?1.21, 62.2?±?27.1, 116?±?30, 31.9?±?12.6, 72.6?±?17.9, and 504?±?191 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The respective levels in urban soils (0.23?±?0.19, 22.4?±?13.8, 41.6?±?29.4, 11.1?±?5.3, 65.4?±?40.2, and 277?±?214 mg/kg dry weight, respectively), were significantly lower. The integrated pollution index of six metals varied from 0.25 to 3.4 and from 2.5 to 8.4 in urban soils and dusts, respectively, with 61 % of urban soil samples being classified as moderately to highly polluted and all dust samples being classified as highly polluted. The statistical analysis results for the urban dust showed good agreement between principal component analysis and cluster analysis, but distinctly different elemental associations and clustering patterns were observed among heavy metals in the urban soils. The results of multivariate statistic analysis indicated that Cr and Ni concentrations were mainly of natural origin, while Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were derived from anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
10.
Trace element concentration in groundwater of Pesarlanka Island, Krishna Delta, India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N. C. Mondal V. S. Singh S. C. Puranik V. P. Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,160(1-4):215-227
There is a growing concern over the potential accumulation of trace element concentration in groundwater of coastal aquifer owing seawater encroachment in the last several decades. A total of 29 groundwater samples collected from Pesarlanka Island, Krishna delta, Andhra Pradesh, India were analyzed for 13 trace elements (B, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Pb) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results reveal that B, Fe, Ni, As, Sr, and Pb vary from 11.22 to 710.2, 1.25 to 684.6, 0.02 to 37.33, 27.8 to 282.3, 164.1 to 7,009, and 1.97 to 164.4 μg/l, respectively. Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn are almost within permissible limits for drinking water, but As, Fe, Mn, Pb, B, and Sr are above the permissible limit. The toxic element Pb is 1.64 times more than the maximum permissible limits of drinking water. The minimum value of As is also 2.78 times more, whereas the maximum is 28.2 times the permissible limit. The spatial distributions of alkaline earths (Sr, Ba), transition metals (V, Co, Ni, Fe), metallic elements (Cu, Pb), and (As) were found in considerable variation in the entire Island. Good cross-correlations were found between As, B, Co, and Sr with total dissolved solids and among other trace elements such as B, As, Co, and Sr. The variability observed within the groundwater samples is closely connected to the sea spray input; hence, it is primarily a consequence of geographical and meteorological factors, such as distance from the ocean and time of year. The trace element levels, in particular those of heavy metals, are very low, suggesting an origin from natural sources rather than from anthropogenic contamination. A few trace elements (Sr and B) are found as sensitive parameters responding to changes in fresh to saline groundwater environment. The highly elevated trace elements in this area which may be attributed to marine sediments or death and decay of plants are presented in this paper. 相似文献