基于交通信息的道路机动车排放NO_x模拟研究

以上海内环区域高架道路和地面主干道路的交通信息为基础,基于路段的机动车动态排放清单并利用ADMSUrban模型模拟NO_x扩散变化。结果表明:道路车流以轻型客车为主,分别占高架路、主干路的77%和60%;1 139条路段工作日平均车流量为95万辆/h,车速为37.5 km/h;NO_x小时排放量为127 kg/h~2 019 kg/h,日排放量为25.8 t,重型客车NO_x排放量为道路机动车排放NO_x的主要来源;模拟NO_x质量浓度占环境空气比例为6.6%~73.4%,2:00 NO_x质量浓度最低,8:00最高,与交通密度低谷和峰值同步。     

城市快速路交通噪声影响分析——以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例

城市快速路是城市交通运输网的重要组成部分,其产生的交通噪声相当严重。评价城市快速路交通噪声对其两侧交通噪声敏感点的污染状况是目前面临的一个难题。文章以深圳市罗湖区罗沙路为例,对其周边的交通噪声敏感点进行现状调查,利用SoundPLAN软件模拟噪声污染状况,并对安装声屏障前后的降噪效果进行评价,为城市快速路交通噪声污染防治措施的制定提供基础数据和建议。     

无锡市太湖新城主干河网水系底质状况的研究

以2014—2015年无锡市太湖新城主干河网水系底质的检测结果为研究对象,分析了底质中的营养盐及重金属状况,并采用地积累指数法对重金属的污染进行评价。结果表明:新城河网内底质的TP含量2015年已经达到较清洁状态,且各样点差异较小。TN含量与有机质含量变化趋势基本一致,成正相关性,底质中TN负荷略高。新城2015年主干河网重金属的污染状态较2014年整体无明显变化,大多为轻度污染,主要污染项目为Hg。     

道路交通噪声预测声源简化研究

为了分析《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》(HJ 2.4—2009)中将道路声源简化为1条位于道路中心线处的线声源与按照车道数简化为多条线声源之间的误差,针对不同宽度的道路,推导了多条线声源与1条线声源在接收点噪声影响的误差计算公式,并基于Predictor-lima预测软件预测和现场噪声衰减规律实测进行了验证。研究结果表明,对于接收点到道路边缘的距离大于道路宽度的情况,可简化为1条线声源;对于接收点到道路边缘的距离小于道路宽度的情况,应按照车道数简化为多条线声源。     

城市道路交通噪声对两侧建筑物室内外的影响

通过布设不同类型的多个点位,对山东省某城市多条道路两侧建筑物的室内外交通噪声进行了测量,并对实测数据进行了分析。结果表明,为降低道路两侧建筑物的环境噪声,通过在道路与两侧建筑物之间的区域采取降噪措施,降噪幅度是有限的;为降低建筑物内的房间噪声,通过对建筑物本身采取噪声防护措施,降噪效果明显。     

基于车载远程监控的重型柴油车NOx排放评估方法研究

对某重型车的实际道路行驶过程中远程排放监控的NOx数据和PEMS设备测试数据对比分析。结果表明，两者的一致性较好，远程监控的NOx数据用于表征车辆实际道路的NOx排放特征具备可信性和可行性。基于远程排放监控数据，使用短行程重构PEMS法，建立车辆工况曲线重构方法和基于功基窗口法的排放评估模型，对车辆在实际道路上的排放进行评估计算，并与PEMS测试结果对比验证。研究结果表明，该短行程重构模型能有效识别车辆排放变化和超标情况，可以作为国六标准在用重型车NOx排放监控的新方法和手段。     

乌鲁木齐-奎屯高等级公路沿线污染气象分析

就乌鲁木齐－奎屯高等级公路沿线的污染气象条件进行分析，为研究道路二侧汽车尾气污染提供必要的参数。     

机动车排气污染对城市道路空气质量的影响

通过对南京市珠江路道路空气质量的监测，掌握了机动车排气污染对街道空气质量的影响，分析了道路中NOx、NO2、CO的变化规律，以及污染物与车流量和大气扩散条件的关系．并通过与城市大气自动监测国控点监测数据的比较，得出国控点NOx、NO2浓度和道路中NOx、NO2浓度变化趋势一致．     

深圳市酸雨时空变异特征

根据深圳市2009—2013年酸雨监测数据,统计并分析深圳市酸雨强度与频率、时空变异特征和降水c(SO2-4)/c(NO-3)比值特征变化。结果表明:雨量的大小及其出现次数与酸雨出现次数呈负相关;2009—2013年间6个行政区酸雨量呈现"V"形变化趋势,且2011年达到最低值;酸雨危害较严重的是盐田区、南山区和福田区,其次是宝安区和龙岗区,危害较轻的是罗湖区。     

武陵源风景名胜区水环境调查

对武陵源风景区水体富营养化现状和演变趋势进行了调查。结果表明，总磷为武陵源风景区水体首要污染因子；金鞭溪、索溪水库、索溪组成的主干水体已处于富营养化状态，且呈上升趋势。提出，彻底进行生态大拆迁，减少核心景区旅游接待和商业行为；建立用水价格市场体系，降低污水排放量；合理规划旅游接待区，推行绿色宾馆酒店建设，加强水污染治理，减少污染物排放量；加强科学投入，确定水环境容量，合理控制旅游容量，是根治景区水体富营氧化污染的有效途径。     

城市轨道交通噪声评价方法及其限值的研究

根据城市轨道交通噪声时、空分布特点及污染规律,对轨道交通噪声评价量作了分析研究,提出了列车通过时的最大声级作为城市轨道交通噪声的评价量,并根据噪声时问分布特性曲线提出了与之相对应的等效声级简易计算方法.通过对上海轨道交通3号线沿线居民区的主、客观调查,得到主观烦恼度阈值和干扰睡眠阈值,提出了适用于我国城市轨道交通的环境噪声限值(建议).     

Traffic-generated noise pollution: exposure of road users and populations in Metropolitan Kuwait

This study was carried out in metropolitan Kuwait with a sound level meter to assess peak hour and off-peak hour noise level. In local/collector streets, noise ranged between 56.0 to 79.2 dBA and 55.3 to 76.4 dBA; in arterial streets, 62.3 to 89.2 dBA and 59.6 to 78.9 dBA; and in freeways, 66.7 to 94.8 dBA and 64.9 to 89.1 dBA during peak and off-peak hour respectively. Values were higher than their prescribed standards which may pose a significant impact on quality of life. Findings of this research have shown that the level of traffic-generated noise pollution in Kuwait urban area is high enough to adversely affect the human health and well-being of its residents. Over 1,400 subjects responded to a randomly administered survey that assessed the physical health, personal well-being, and mental health. People residing in neighborhoods exposed to higher noise levels have significantly higher stress and noise annoyance levels and also adversely affected their sense of well-being. In the responder analysis, those people living in quiet neighborhoods had significantly higher mean scores in general health (35 points higher, p < 0.05), sense of vitality (30 points higher, p < 0.05), and mental health (20 points higher, p < 0.05) when compared to the other group. In addition, the component scores of stress and noise sensitivity for the participants living in quiet neighborhoods had significantly lower values (30 points lower and 59 points lower, respectively) than that of the participants living in noisy neighborhood. With the rapid expansion of the infrastructures in metropolitan Kuwait, it is virtually definite that traffic noise will shortly assume a dangerous dimension, and will be a ground of escalating fear for both the public and liable policy-makers. The quality of life in metropolitan Kuwait will certainly be negatively affected.     

Monitoring and assessment of daily exposure of roadside workers to traffic noise levels in an Asian city: a case study of Bangkok streets

Four noise monitoring sites were strategically established to evaluate average noise level and audiometric assessment at various traffic zones of Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the monitoring period, noise levels were found to be 72.8–83.0 dBA during day time and 59.5–74.5 dBA during night time. The finding also indicated that traffic noise levels depend on distance from roadside, diurnal variation and character of the traffic and street configuration. Audiometric measurement of 4000 persons was carried by four major hospitals in Bangkok to study the relationship between traffic noise exposure of groups of people working in the streets and hearing loss. Four different categories of occupational people, i.e., drivers, street vendors, traffic officers and dwellers were selected and were further classified into age groups (16–25, 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 years old) to monitor the traffic noise induced hearing loss throughout their everyday lives. The control group was deliberately chosen to screen out the effects of traffic noise. According to the audiometric investigation, it was revealed that hearing capacity of the daily noise exposure groups living in the three urban sites (Yaowarat Road, Din Daeng Road and Ratchaprarop Road) were noticeably poorer than those who were living in suburban site (Phahonyothin Road). It was noted that the mean hearing threshold level (HTL) of the 16–25 years old groups were found to have better hearing capacity than those older adults of 46–55 years old. In particular the mean HTL dropped at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Among the occupational population who were living in the urban monitoring sites, the driver groups were found to have the highest risk of traffic noise induced hearing loss.     

北京市高架道、桥交通噪声状况调查与对策研究

对北京市区内８１座道路立交桥和１１段高架道路的声环境状况进行了多方位的调研与实测。分析了高架道、桥附近声环境的地面水平分布特征、高层楼房垂直分布特征、昼夜时间分布特征及产生的原因。从增强城市总体规划与交通管理,注意沿街建筑功能配置与布局,加强临街住户门窗隔声效果,适当建设有效的道路隔声屏障等方面提出了城市发展中解决和控制交通噪声污染的对策建议。     

浅析道路交通噪声影响下的人居声环境评价体系建设

道路交通噪声是目前城市中影响范围最广、强度最大的环境噪声,降低其噪声影响,改善城市声环境质量应列为各地政府改善民生的重要工作.根据当前国际形势提出属于人居环境中重要分支的“人居声环境保护”概念,并就该体系建设的几项重要工作进行探讨,为今后城市道路交通噪声影响的评价工作提供借鉴.     

Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations in Santiago de Chile associated with traffic emissions

CO/CO₂ ratios have been measured in different locations of Santiago de Chile city. Measurements were carried out in a tunnel (prevailing emissions from cars with catalytic converter) and close to heavy traffic streets. Concentrations measured along the city traffic tunnel or temporal profiles of concentrations measured near heavy traffic streets allow an estimation of CO/CO₂ ratios emitted from mobile sources. Values obtained range from 0.0045 ± 0.0006 to 0.0100 ± 0.0004 and depend on the prevailing type of mobile sources. In particular, lowest values were found close to a street with heavy traffic dominated by diesel-powered public transportation, while the highest values were found at the city tunnel. Places located near streets of mixed mobile sources (public buses and cars) showed intermediate values. Average CO/CO₂ ratios are compatible with emission factors proposed for Santiago’s main mobile sources.     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.     

地铁车辆段平台居住小区振动与噪声污染控制

结合北京市八王坟地铁车辆段平台上居住小区建设项目环境影响评价 ,对地铁车辆段振动与噪声对平台上的传播过程和影响进行了理论分析和类比监测 ,对控制其影响提出了探讨性建议。     

2Loud?: Community mapping of exposure to traffic noise with mobile phones

Despite ample medical evidence of the adverse impacts of traffic noise on health, most policies for traffic noise management are arbitrary or incomplete, resulting in serious social and economic impacts. Surprisingly, there is limited information about citizen’s exposure to traffic noise worldwide. This paper presents the 2Loud? mobile phone application, developed and tested as a methodology to monitor, assess and map the level of exposure to traffic noise of citizens with focus on the night period and indoor locations, since sleep disturbance is one of the major triggers for ill health related to traffic noise. Based on a community participation experiment using the 2Loud? mobile phone application in a region close to freeways in Australia, the results of this research indicates a good level of accuracy for the noise monitoring by mobile phones and also demonstrates significant levels of indoor night exposure to traffic noise in the study area. The proposed methodology, through the data produced and the participatory process involved, can potentially assist in planning and management towards healthier urban environments.