三氯甲烷中有机磷农药混合标准样品的研制

确立了三氯甲烷中有机磷农药混合标准样品的制备、分析和定值方法，进行了标准样品的均匀性检验、稳定性监测及协作定值数据的不确定度评价。结果表明，三氯甲烷中有机磷农药混合标准样品的均匀性良好，至少在18个月的时间内稳定。     

甲醇气体标准样品的研制

介绍了甲醇气体标准样品的制备和定值方法,考察采用重量法制备氮气中甲醇标准气体样品的重现性、标准气体的均匀性和稳定性.试验表明,甲醇气体标准样品在气瓶内均匀性良好,在12个月研制期间没有不稳定趋势.摩尔分数为149.2×10-6甲醇气体标准样品,扩展不确定度为3%,能够满足环境污染源废气中甲醇气体监测的要求.     

室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品研究

根据中国对室内空气污染监测的实际需要,介绍了室内空气污染监测用氨标准样品的研制方法,包括试剂的验证、均匀性和稳定性检验、分析定值和测定数据的统计检验等方面。氨标准样品采用重量法制备,用纳氏试剂分光光度法对样品进行均匀性和稳定性研究,并进行不确定度评估。研究结果表明,氨标准样品的均匀性良好,室温条件下可稳定18个月以上;在全面分析不确定度来源的基础上,定值结果为0.494 mg/L,不确定度小于3%。与美国同类标准物质进行比对分析,结果具有可比性。可用于氨测定的质量控制、分析方法评价以及实验室能力验证等方面。     

砷、汞、镉质控混合水样的配制

本文讨论了质控混合水样的配制方法,叙述了质控样品的均匀性、稳定性试验及定值的原则和方法,详实地列出了有关统计检验方法。在现有实验室条件下,可以配制出满足监测工作需要的质量控制样品。     

苯胺环境标准样品研制中紫外分光光度法的应用

研究了苯胺弱酸性水溶液的紫外吸收特性,并将研究结果运用于苯胺水质标准样品的研制。用紫外分光光度法对标准样品进行均匀性、稳定性和定值测定,从而简化了分析手续,取得了良好的分析结果     

水质凯氏氮标准样品的研究

提出了水质凯氏氮标准样品的研究方法。在研究过程中，完成了样品的配制、均匀性、稳定性等工作。经过多家实验室协作定值，确定了样品的标准值及不确定度，并提供使用。     

水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的研制

报道了水和废水环境监测所用水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的研制情况。其中对水质二硝基甲苯环境标准样品的作用、样品的制备、均匀性测定、稳定性考察以及定值分析等方面做了较详细的介绍。     

苯系物环境标准样品的研制

苯系物标准样品包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和异丙苯.用气相色谱、质谱、付立叶红外确定化合物纯度,重量法配制,经均匀性、稳定性、多家定值、数理统计检验确定标准样品的标准值和不确定度.     

异辛烷中2,2',4,4',5,5'-六溴联苯标准样品的研制

介绍了异辛烷中2,2',4,4',5,5'-六溴联苯(PBB-153)标准样品的研制方法。分别采用气相色谱法、差示扫描量热法对PBB-153原料进行纯度分析,测定了原料中水分、杂质的含量,利用质量平衡法计算得到纯品纯度为99.0%,相对扩展不确定度为1.2%(k=2)。异辛烷中PBB-153标准样品采用称量-容量法制备,配制浓度为50.00μg/m L,利用气相色谱法对其进行均匀性检验和稳定性监测,结果显示均匀性良好,稳定性可达18个月以上。对不确定度进行评估,结果显示相对扩展不确定度为4%(k=2)。该标准样品与国外同类样品具有量值一致性,能有效支撑中国六溴联苯的履约监测与环境管理等工作。     

牡蛎生物环境标准样品的研制

文章对我国环境保护系统研制出用于海洋和江河水域环境监测的牡蛎生物环境标准样品的一些情况做了详细介绍;尤其对牡蛎环境标样的制备过程,牡蛎标样的作用,均匀性、稳定性检测和分析定值进行了较为充分的论述。     

Homogeneity and stability study of the candidate reference material Adamussium colbecki for trace elements

The preparation of a new candidate certified reference material (CRM) for trace elements based on the antarctic bivalve Adamussium colbecki(IRMM 813) was carried out by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità(ISS, Rome, Italy) in cooperation with the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM), in the frame of the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide, PNRA). Samples were collected at Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) during the 2000-2001 expedition in Antarctica. The preparation of a material suitable for certification was performed by the EC-JRC-IRMM. Measurements for homogeneity and short-term stability tests were carried out by ISS. The elements selected for the certification project were As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. For the above-mentioned tests, the determination of the elements of interest was performed on samples mineralised by microwave-assisted acid digestion. The analytical techniques employed to this end were inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-Q-MS). The candidate material was shown to be fit for purpose with regard to homogeneity and short-term stability, thus allowing the following phases of the certification project to be undertaken, in the first place the selection of expert laboratories for the accomplishment of the certification campaign.     

Preparation and evaluation of candidate certified reference materials (CRMs) for nutrients in seawater

Certified reference materials (CRMs) are an essential part of the quality assurance (QA) necessary for the reliable analytical measurement of nutrients in seawater. The CRMs currently available for these analyses are not matrix matched to marine samples. QUASIMEME routinely produces test materials for the nutrients in seawater and nutrients in estuarine water and low-salinity open water Laboratory Performance Studies (LPS) that are both homogeneous and stable. QUASIMEME, in conjunction with Eurofins Scientific, Denmark have produced two reference materials (RMs). The homogeneity testing and preliminary stability studies were carried out by QUASIMEME, and the results are presented in this article. Participants of the QUASIMEME LPS who demonstrated satisfactory long-term performance for the analysis of nutrients in seawater and nutrients in estuarine water and low-salinity open water were invited to take part in the certification exercise. Twenty laboratories returned data, a summary of which is also presented. The certification and long-term stability testing and additional data analysis were carried out by Eurofins Scientific, Denmark, and are outwith the scope of this article and not reported here. Eurofins Scientific, Denmark have marketed these RMs as part of their range of VKI Reference Materials (further information is available from eurofins@eurofins.dk).     

牡蛎中多环芳烃(PAHs)标准物质的研制

介绍了牡蛎中多环芳烃标准物质的研究、制备方法 ,进行了均匀性检验、稳定性检验 ,统计计算了检验结果 ,基本确定主要参数。检验结果表明 ,研制的牡蛎中难降解有机物标准物质均匀 ,在一年保存期间内稳定 ,可用于海洋环境监测中     

Assessment of potential hazards of fluoride contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in West Bengal, India

We assessed the potential of fluoride (F) contamination in drinking groundwater of an intensively cultivated district in India as a function of its lithology and agricultural activities. Three hundred and eight groundwater samples were collected at different depths from various types of wells and analyzed for pH, EC, NO(3)-N load and F content. A typical litholog was constructed and database on fertilizer and pesticide uses were also recorded for the district. The water samples were almost neutral in reaction and non-saline in nature with low NO(3)-N content (0.02 to 4.56 microg mL(-1)). Fluoride content in water was also low (0.01 to 1.18 microg mL(-1)) with only 2.27% of them exceeding 1.0 microg mL(-1) posing a potential threat of fluorosis. On average, its content varied little spatially and along depth of sampling aquifers because of homogeneity in lithology of the district. The F content in these samples showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.12, P < or = 0.05) with the amount of phosphatic fertilizer (single super phosphate) used for agriculture but no such relation either with the anthropogenic activities of pesticide use or NO(3)-N content, pH and EC values of the samples was found. The results suggest that the use of phosphatic fertilizer may have some role to play in F enrichment of groundwater.     

Identification of Residues of Sulfosulfuron and its Metabolites in Subsoil-dissipation Kinetics and Factors Influencing the Stability and Degradation of Residues from Topsoil to Subsoil Under Predominant Cropping Conditions

Long term stability of sulfosulfuron was investigated in subsoil under the natural wheat cropping conditions. Experiments were conducted by applying a commercial formulation of sulfosulfuron on soil at 50 g/ha and 100 g/ha. To understand the factors influencing the persistence of residues two different experiments were conducted. In one experiment wheat crop was cultivated once at the beginning of the two years study period and subsequently the plots were kept undisturbed for the remaining period. In another experiment cultivation of subsequent crops were continued during the study period. In both the cases sulfosulfuron was applied only once at the beginning of the study. Representative soil samples were collected from the depths viz., 0–5, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 cm on different pre determined sampling occasions 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 days after the application of the herbicide. The collected soil samples were analyzed for the residues of sulfosulfuron. Under the influence of continuous cropping conditions residues of sulfosulfuron were found to be relatively low when compared with the soil samples collected from the agriculture plots maintained without any cultivation. The residues detected are in the range 0.001 to 0.017 μg/g. Samples collected from the depth, at 30 to 45 cm showed higher residual concentrations. Soil samples were also showed the presence of break down products. The data has been confirmed by LC–MS/MS. The relation between residue content of sulfosulfuron and the factors contributing the stability of herbicide concentration were also studied.