共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 85 毫秒
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生活垃圾转运站恶臭污染指标初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
报道了广州部分垃圾转运站恶臭指标的检测结果.发现国家标准(GB14554-1993)中的单项污染物指标的测定值大多远低于标准限值,而综合指标臭气浓度普遍超标,两类指标间存在严重不符.利用SAS统计软件综合分析各指标的检测数据,结果表明,垃圾转运站臭气中恶臭指标的含量存在较大的变异,且在垃圾站内的变异程度更大;恶臭单项指标在垃圾站内和垃圾站边界点的测定均值问无显著差异;臭气浓度和恶臭单项指标整体间可能存在一定的线性关系,但和某个具体的恶臭指标的线性相关性并不显著. 相似文献
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浅议《恶臭污染物排放标准》的修订 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了国内外环境恶臭标准发展概况,针对目前国内恶臭标准在实际监测管理中存在的缺少污染种类及采样位置、测算方法等问题,提出增加《恶臭污染物排放标准》中的污染物种类,完善臭气浓度计算方法以及制定地方恶臭排放标准的建议. 相似文献
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某污水预处理厂恶臭治理设施的评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了恶臭污染物、评价标准及其测定方法。通过引入臭气浓度和臭气强度的概念对某预处理厂恶臭治理设施进行了评价 ,取得了良好的效果 相似文献
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恶臭监测嗅觉测试方法的比较分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
通过恶臭污染监测技术的比较分析,阐明了各类恶臭监测技术的特点和发展方向,指出嗅觉测试法在目前技术水平下的重要作用和地位,依据古典心理物理学中最小可觉差法及平均差误法对欧洲EN13725标准方法和中国三点比较式臭袋法进行了比较分析,得到2种实验方法的特点。古典物理学是科学心理学一百多年的发展历程中已经形成的经典研究技术,主要用于外界刺激对人的感觉器官作用的测试技术。其中最小可觉差法是采用已知"标准刺激"对未知的"比较刺激"进行比较的感受阈值测定方法。平均差误法则是将"标准刺激"阈值视为零,并将接近零的平均实验结果作为感觉阈值的测定方法。在欧洲嗅辨实验所用的"标准刺激"为标准臭气样,而中国嗅辨实验暂时没有标准臭气样品,仍依据嗅觉阈值为零的概念进行恶臭样品实验。通过多年对嗅辨员的考核经验,总结了人的嗅阈值的分布特征,进而提出标准臭气样品的制备研究方法,提出培训嗅辨师以增强对环境恶臭污染识别能力的观点,借以深入理解恶臭嗅觉测定技术方法。 相似文献
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选取典型工业区,汇总了恶臭污染的突发性、排放不规律、夜间高值显著等特征,分析了由化学特性、物质种类和监控要求等带来的恶臭污染监测难点。根据信访投诉、地理特点和大气扩散规律,提出构建工业区恶臭污染自动监控体系。在恶臭污染排放特征分析基础上,筛选优控污染物,优选适用在线监测技术,建设边界监控为主、园区监测为辅的专业化、自动化大气特征污染监测系统,通过统一联网和平台,统一质控和规范,建立预警监测信息平台。在实际构建与应用的过程中,探索了分级管理、多方合作的运行机制,为工业区恶臭污染分析评估、污染溯源和控制提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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介绍了恶臭物质对人体健康的影响,分析了舰艇舱室内常见恶臭物质的分类、气味性质及来源,比对了国内外恶臭污染控制的相关标准。通过分析恶臭污染物的检出频次、毒性效应、气味安全级别、综合分值和艇内危害等级等指标,提出了舰艇舱室环境中24种恶臭物质的优先控制名单,指出舰艇的通风设计和硬件设备改进对于控制恶臭污染也很重要。 相似文献
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关于恶臭监测方法和恶臭环境标准中若干问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、恶臭污染及其特点 恶臭:是指一类气态物质通过人的嗅觉器官产生的不快感(或厌恶感)。因此,它有别于大气污染,具有如下特点: 1.恶臭物质种类多、分布广、影响范围大,所以恶臭污染是一种常见的环境污染。大约有40万种化合物具有各种气味。其中作为恶臭物质比较重要的有一万种左右。从各国的调查结果来看、恶臭污染经常给人的正常生活带来影响,因而群众呼声很大。 2.恶臭是以人的心理影响为主要特征的 相似文献
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Mohsen Asadi Gholamreza Asadollahfardi Hossayn Fakhraee Mohsen Mirmohammadi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(1):27-36
Ammonia, as a colorless gas with a sharp odor, is considered as one of the created odors in the composting and landfill of solid waste. We used experimental data to study the robustness of AERMOD and the forward Lagrangian stochastic (FLS) in predicting ammonia emission in short range. The study area was Kahrizak landfill and composting plants, Tehran, Iran. The boundary layer parameters for the FLS were calculated on the basis of mean values of temperature, wind speed, and direction. While, the boundary layers of AERMOD were computed on the basis of exact meteorological data. The results depicted that AERMOD prediction at distances less than 1000 m from the sources and the locations inside the sources were poor. However, the results of FLS indicated more agreement with the field measurement, which the coefficient of determination was 0.83. Both models predicted, in the distance of 2000 m from the source, the ammonia concentration would be insignificant. 相似文献
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针对环境空气中异味物质及其特点,从嗅辨法和成分浓度分析法2个方面,介绍了异味物质的监测方法,并比较了各方法的适用性。从臭气浓度、强度、恶臭厌恶度、相对气味活度值以及模型预测等方面,描述了异味物质特有的评价方法;从对照标准限值、臭氧生成潜势以及健康风险评价等方面,描述了异味物质普适性评价方法。指出可通过实地调查与监测、污染谱图和源解析模型等方法识别异味物质的来源。提出了环境空气异味的监测调查建议,包括采用多种技术、提高异味物质的快速初辨能力以及监测水平,研制更多的方法标准和控制标准、科学监管异味污染物等。 相似文献
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浅议现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染及监测分析方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
造成垃圾填埋场大气污染的两大类污染物,其对环境、人体、动植物、器物和材料都有一定的危害,文章针对现代垃圾填埋场的大气环境污染,以硫化氢、氨、甲硫醇等重点大气污染因子为监测对象,结合实践总结了一部分垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测方案,包括布点原则、采样频率和时间、采样方法和分析技术,该监测方案可为现代垃圾填埋场的大气污染监测提供参考. 相似文献
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固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。 相似文献
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An evaluation of the source of volatile organic compounds in groundwater samples was performed at a landfill in southern California. The 3H (tritium) content of the water in leachate and water from the gas-collection system (condensed water and entrained water droplets) and the delta 13C and 14C content of the inorganic carbon in landfill gas CO2, leachate, and gas-collection system water were used to characterize the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inside the landfill, while the same parameters were monitored in groundwater samples from affected monitoring wells and an unaffected well. Tritium levels from leachate and gas-collection system condensate ranged from approximately 2000 TU to over 4000 TU, orders of magnitude higher than unaffected groundwater. The average 14C content of DIC in the landfill pore-water samples was 121 pMC and the 14C content of unaffected groundwater DIC was 93 pMC, while the 14C content of the dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater with VOC detections ranged from 105 to 119 pMC. The delta 13C of DIC in pore water was consistently above 0 per thousand and the delta 13C of unaffected groundwater DIC was -20.3 per thousand, while the delta 13C of DIC in affected groundwater samples was increased from -17.3 to -13.2 per thousand. The increases in both delta 13C and 14C in landfill gas-impacted groundwater DIC generally correlated with the number of volatile organic compounds detected and their concentrations. Based on the tritium and DIC 14C levels in leachate and water from the gas-collection system compared to those of unaffected water, significant increases in the tritium content of the water would be expected to accompany VOC detections and increases in delta 13C and 14C caused by landfill water. The results rule out landfill water as the VOC source, leaving landfill gas as the source. The identities and concentrations of the specific VOCs in affected groundwater samples varied among wells as well as between two leachate samples, ruling out the use of a VOC "fingerprint" for leachate or landfill gas to be compared to groundwater VOC concentrations. 相似文献
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Karthikeyan OP Swati M Nagendran R Joseph K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):141-151
Emissions from landfills via leachate and gas are influenced by state and stability of the organic matter in the solid waste
and the environmental conditions within the landfill. This paper describes a modified, ecologically sound waste treatment
technique, where municipal solid waste is anaerobically treated in a lysimeter-scale landfill bioreactor with leachate recirculation
to enhance organic degradation. The results demonstrate a substantial decrease in organic matter (BOD 99%, COD 88% and TOC
81%) and a clear decrease in nutrient concentrations especially ammonia (85%) over a period of 1 year with leachate recirculation. 相似文献