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1.
COD 在线分析仪使用中的几个问题   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
目前,对重点污染源排放实施在线自动监测工作已在许多城市、地区开展,COD在线分析仪已广泛应用于自动监测工作中.由于COD固有属性和检测方法的复杂,如何充分发挥COD在线分析仪的功能,正常开展废水中COD监测,一直是废水自动监测工作的重点、难点,现就开展在线自动监测工作中遇到的问题,作一介绍和探讨.  相似文献   

2.
污染源在线自动监控系统(现场端)是污染源自动监控的基础和数据源,通过对平凉市污染源在线自动监控系统(现场端)建设情况、存在问题的说明和分析,从而有针对性的提出了一些建议和对策。  相似文献   

3.
通过在线TOC水质自动分析仪方法与实验室COD方法比对,建立TOC-COD一元线性回归方程,且将其应用到上海市44家污水处理厂出水中TOC与COD值的转换,并在污水处理厂进行在线TOC水质自动分析仪及在线COD水质自动分析仪监测值比对实验。结果表明,TOC-COD一元线性回归方程相关系数r为 0.963,废水中TOC与COD值线性显著相关,通过上述回归方程将在线TOC水质自动分析仪监测值转化COD监测值与在线COD水质自动仪监测值进行相对误差比较,88.4%的数据满足《水污染源在线监测系统安装技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T 355-2007)规范要求;用上述转换方程换算上海市44家污水处理厂TOC值得到的COD值与实验室COD值进行误差计算, 87.3%的数据满足上述规范要求,验证了在线TOC值转换COD值在污水行业的适用性。  相似文献   

4.
自动监测技术在污染物总量控制监测上的应用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
为配合<"九五"期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划>的实施,中国环境监测总站与燕化公司环境保护监测站合作,在燕化公司某化工厂排放口设立了水污染物总量控制自动监测技术示范工程.该示范工程采用在线流量计、pH计、COD仪、油监测仪、采样器等监测设备和技术,对水污染物在线自动监测技术进行了多方面的试验,为实施水污染物总量控制的在线自动监测提供了经验.  相似文献   

5.
通过测定标准样品和实际样品,对自动在线监测仪测定地表水中19种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的适用性进行了探讨。结果表明,自动在线监测仪测定19种VOCs的检出限为0.02~0.11μg/L,相关系数> 0.995,相对标准偏差为1.2%~3.6%(n=6),加标回收率为91.9%~102%,精密度和准确度良好,可以满足地表水痕量VOCs的测定需求。因干扰物的存在,在线仪器无法准确定性或定量某些目标物,特别是低沸点、出峰早的二氯甲烷和氯仿。从在线仪配置角度剖析了在线仪器测定不准确的原因,提出,通过测试复杂标准样品,建立备用色谱程序和建设超标留样系统,提升自动在线监测仪定性的准确性。  相似文献   

6.
水质自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证和控制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文以常州市武进水质自动监测站的工作为例,阐述了水质在线监测系统在水质自动监测过程中的质量保证措施和质量控制措施.  相似文献   

7.
为实现我国对CODCr排污总量控制,提出了CODCr现场监测的实施方法及总量监测方法。各排污单位必须配备污水流量计、自动采样器或CODCr在线连续自动监测仪等,对污水中CODCr的排放总量实施监测。同时着重介绍了CODCr在线连续自动监测仪。  相似文献   

8.
苏州河干流水质自动监测系统数据的可靠性分析   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
以苏州河干流水质自动监测系统为例,通过与实验室数据之间的统计分析,分析苏州河水质在线自动监测系统数据的可靠性。对比分析自动监测系统和实验室的温度、p H、DO、CODMn、NH3-N数据,自动监测系统数据合格,在0.01水平上两者不存在显著性差异,2种方法的结果高度相关,苏州河水质在线自动监测系统测定的数据真实可靠。在自动监测系统的维护中,要对系统关键部分进行不定期的清洗,特别是出现较可疑数据时,应及时寻找原因,解决问题。  相似文献   

9.
根据国家环境监测总站和江苏省环境监测中心的部署,已将南京市环境监测中心站列为环境噪声在线自动监测试点单位之一。目前由哈尔滨市环境信息中心提供的“环境噪声在线自动监测系统”已安装在典型工业噪声类型的南京扬巴工业区,经一个月时间的运行实验,系统工作正常。  相似文献   

10.
以苏州河水质自动监测岸边站为例,根据近3年实际运行情况,从实样验收比对、连续运行比对等方面系统比较自动监测和实验室分析数据,深入探讨小型岸边站技术的稳定性和可靠性。结果表明:岸边站在线监测数据总体较为稳定,水温、溶解氧、p H、氨氮等监测结果和变化规律与实验室数据具有较好的相关性和一致性,其中,水温、p H、氨氮等指标均不存在明显差异,苏州河水质自动在线岸边站测定的数据真实可靠。加强自动站运维管理等可以进一步提高自动站数据质量。  相似文献   

11.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

12.
用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1.24%、2.18%、2.02%、2.67%、2.35%、3.57%、4.78%,加标回收率分别为103.5%、101.0%、95.0%、99.2%、97.6%、101.5%、98.0%,方法检测限分别为氨0.022mg/L,硝酸盐0.015mp/L,亚硝酸盐0.002tug/L,氯化物0.47mg/L,正磷酸盐0.015mg/L,总硬度17.6mg/L,硅酸盐0.55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。  相似文献   

13.
用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苏州开发区26种蔬菜中的铜、锌、铁、锰和镍的含量。蔬菜样品用硝酸高氯酸混合酸进行消解。4次测定值的相对标准差<5%,加标回收率在92%~107%之间。26种蔬菜中铜、锌、铁、锰、镍的含量基本均在世贸组织规定的范围内。  相似文献   

14.
The present study demonstrates comparison of Cr accumulatingpotential by the plants of Najas indica Cham. (submerged),Vallisneria spiralis L. (rooted submerged) and Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. (rooted emergent) under repeatedmetal exposure and its effect on chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These plants were treated with different concentrations of Cr under repeated exposure in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the maximum metal accumulationpotential. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated significantly high amount of Cr under laboratory conditions incomparison to N. indica and A. sessilis. The maximumaccumulation of 1378, 458 and 201 g g-1 dw Cr was found in the leaves of V. spiralis, N. indica and A. sessilis, respectively at 8 mg L-1 after 9 day of Cr exposure. These plants have shown a decrease in chlorophyll andprotein concentrations with increase in Cr concentrations. In view of high accumulation of Cr in V. spiralis, the plantswere treated with different concentrations of tannery effluent collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant, Unnao (UP). Theplants of V. spiralis treated with 100% tannery wastewatershowed the maximum accumulation (57.5 g g-1 dw) of Cr in the roots after 10 days of exposure. The plants were foundeffective in removing Cr from solution and tannery effluent.  相似文献   

15.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

16.
Metal concentrations in deciduous tree leaves from urban areas in Poland   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage fromurban areas in western-south Poland was monitored duringthe vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al,Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Znwere measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leavesusing the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metalconcentrations and their relations with sampling sitewere investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al,Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. Thehighest differences in element concentrations forinvestigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni.Interelement correlations were investigated. In allfoliar samples synergistic relationships between Al–Crand Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negativecorrelations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves.  相似文献   

17.
δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD; E.C. 4.2.1.24) is a metalloprotein and plays a crucial role in heme synthesis. Its sensitivity to toxic metals depends on the metallic co-factors. In this study the effects of some heavy metals on ALADs activity of five Pseudomonas isolates from Akar?ay stream (Afyonkarahisar) have been studied in order to determine whether their ALADs could be used as biosensor for lead and other heavy metals contamination. The data obtained from the study were analysed statistically by using SPSS 10.0 software for Windows. According to the results, Ni(II) increased the ALAD activity of Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas aureginosa ATTC 27853. Mn(II) also increased the enzymic activity in all strains examined except P. pseudoalcaligenes. These were found not to be statistically meaningful. P. aeruginosa 2’s enzymic activity was inhibited by Mg(II) and Zn(II), significantly (p’lt;’.05). There was a statistically meaningful relation between enzymic activity of both P. pseudoalcaligenes, P. putida and increasing Pb(II) concentration (p’lt;’.05). In addition, a formula was also deviced in order to determine the doses of metals in the environment of the organisms. As a result of the study, we can suggest that Pseudomonas ALADs can be used as a biosensor for lead and some other heavy metal exposure in aquatic environments.  相似文献   

18.
The draft of the German guideline to calculate automobile exhaust dispersion is explained. It contains a two-stage-system: For first quick estimates the guideline contains the simple models MLuS and STREET. In case these models are not applicable or their results shows concentration levels close to the air quality standards, the more complex models PROKAS_V and MISKAM are recommended. PROKAS_V is a Gaussian plume model, MISKAM is a 3-dimensional microscale non hydrostatic flow model for built-up areas with an Eulerian dispersion model. The guideline comprises cases in rural areas without or with few adjacent buildings as well as urban areas with buildings near the roads. The contribution gives information about the models, typical results and some of the problems showing up presently.  相似文献   

19.
Cooling towers have the potential to develop infectious concentrations of Legionella pneumophila. Legionella counts increases where biofilm and warm water temperatures are present. In this study, biofilm associated L. pneumophila and heterotrophic bacteria were compared in terms of material dependence. Model cooling tower system was experimentally infected by L. pneumophila standard strain and monthly monitored. Different materials were tested for a period of 180 days. The lowest L. pneumophila and heterotrophic plate counts were measured on plastic polymers, whereas L. pneumophila and heterotrophic bacteria were accumulated rapidly on galvanized steel surfaces. It can be concluded that selection of plastic polymers, as a manufacturing material, are suitable for recirculating water systems.  相似文献   

20.
We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth dilution.  相似文献   

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