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1.
主动采样技术在中国大气POPs监测中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了履行斯德哥尔摩公约,查明持久性有机污染物(POPs)在中国大气环境介质的存在水平,该研究首次采用主动采样技术,在中国境内大尺度范围内进行了环境大气中POPs的监测工作.利用主动采样技术,可以在短时间内采集数百立方米的大气样品.分别利用玻璃纤维滤膜采集大气颗粒物(固相)中的POPs,同时使用聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)吸附气态的POPs.该采样技术还便于样品的运输和保存.研究表明,大气主动采样技术可以很好地运用于区域大气POPs的监测工作并填补了我国在POPs履约监测中专用仪器设备的空白.  相似文献   

2.
持久性有机污染物(POPs)监测是开展履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》成效评估的重要内容之一。介绍了履约成效评估POPs监测的要求,综述了我国POPs监测能力建设和履约成效评估全球POPs监测进展。我国自2007年起开展了环境空气、水体和母乳中POPs的监测,所获得的监测数据可为评估我国POPs污染水平和环境与健康风险提供重要的技术支撑。还介绍了国外POPs监测动态,提出借鉴国外经验、建立环境和人体中POPs长效监测机制并开展持续性监测不仅是履约的需求,也可为保护我国生态环境和人体健康提供基础数据。  相似文献   

3.
持久性有机污染物(POPs)的环境问题与研究进展   总被引:39,自引:0,他引:39  
对持久性有机污染物(persistentorganicpollutants:POPs)的定义、来源和特征进行了介绍。阐述了POPs对环境安全性构成威胁的原因。分析了持久性有机污染物,特别是12类优先控制的"dirtydozen"的环境污染状况,并分析了这些物质在全球大气、水体和土壤中存在的量和来源。这些物质在不同生物体内的浓度存在差异,反映出它们在食物链上的生物累积和放大,也加剧了对环境和人体的毒害作用。总结回顾了有关POPs的相关基础研究,并对将来继续深入研究和对环境监测的指导意义进行了展望。  相似文献   

4.
采用真空密封包装保存持久性有机污染物(POPs)采样吸附材料,优化试验条件后,通过生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的现场监测验证方法的可行性。结果表明,真空密封保存8 d内多环芳烃的空白值与15 d内二噁英的空白值均符合标准要求;在烟气温度135 ℃~225 ℃条件下采集固定污染源烟气时,宜将冷却水循环装置冷却水温度控制在25 ℃以内,该条件下,不同容量的冷却水循环装置及不同水温对气相吸附柱温度影响较小,对二噁英测定结果无明显影响。  相似文献   

5.
通过研究日本、美国、欧盟、联合国环境保护署关于杀虫剂类POPs的申报管理机制,分析我国关于化学品、污染物和固体废物的申报、登记制度,欲建立我国杀虫剂类POPs动态申报机制.我国杀虫剂类POPs动态申报以各级环保部门为管理主体,以杀虫剂类POPs的生产单位和流通机构、各级环保部门、知情群众为申报主体,以杀虫剂类POPs的...  相似文献   

6.
PUF大气被动采样技术对POPs的采样计算   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着《斯德哥尔摩公约》的实施,大气中持久性有机污染物(POPs)的大气被动采样(PAS)观测技术得到了快速发展,相比于传统大气主动采样技术,PAS技术具有明显的优势。以应用最为广泛的聚氨酯软性泡沫材料大气被动采样(PUF-PAS)为例,重点阐述和讨论了3种通过大气被动采样技术来计算污染物在空气中的浓度的方法,并对其采样原理和发展趋势进行了简要介绍。  相似文献   

7.
晋中市持久性有机污染物污染状况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
持久性有机污染物具有高毒性、持久性、积聚性、流动性大等特点,可以造成人体内分泌系统紊乱、破坏生殖和免疫系统、诱发癌症,导致畸形、基因突变和神经系统等疾病。’通过对晋中市持久性有机污染物二恶英类的调查,了解晋中市二恶英类POPs排放源产生行业、区域分布、产生装置数量和产生量以及企业的生产工艺、规模、二恶英污染控制技术水平等,发现控制二恶英污染工作中存在的问题,确定晋中持久性有机污染物二恶英类重点管理地区和重点管理源,从而为日后监测、评估、治理、管理二恶英工作奠定了基础.  相似文献   

8.
天然水体中的痕量持久性有机污染物(POPs)的定量分析通常需要采集大体积水样.针对大体积水样在过滤和吸附富集过程中滤膜易堵塞且耗时费力的缺点,研制了一种固液分离过滤-吸附富集联动装置.该装置主要由粗过滤器、离心分离屏、倒置微孔过滤器、固相吸附柱、流速控制阀和真空泵组成.与传统的滤膜过滤方式相比,其过滤效率提高了约1.5...  相似文献   

9.
新疆二噁英类POPs排放现状调查及分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在对新疆二噁英类POPs排放调查的基础上,归纳了新疆二噁英类污染物的主要来源和分布情况,分析了新疆二噁英类POPs排放源在环境监管中存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议,对今后新疆二噁英类POPs排放的管理、控制和削减有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
采用层次分析法对国际上较为成熟的9种POPs废物处置技术进行综合评价,筛选了适合我国POPs废物处置的技术。从经济指标、环境指标和技术指标3个影响因素建立递阶层次结构模型,每个指标又细分为若干个子准则。根据模型及评价指标体系设计专家咨询表,发放给POPs相关领域的专家进行打分。采用matlab对评价结果进行数值分析,得...  相似文献   

11.
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related compounds such as PCBs, brominated flame retardants, organochlorine pesticides and PAHs is regarded as an important environmental risk factor for humans. Recently concerns about POPs resulted in the international protocol called the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Air quality standards (indoor, outdoor and occupational) for PAHs and other POPs will also be applied in the EU in the future. This will bring requirements for monitoring, to check for compliance and to reduce human exposures to POPs. This can occur from point sources and in various microenvironments, indoors, outdoors and in workplaces. Monitoring can be undertaken either by an active (pumped) method or using a passive (diffusive) air sampling (PAS) device. To date, PAS for POPs have mainly been used as integrating (long-term) samplers for ambient (outdoor) air. However, there are several reasons to develop PAS for monitoring of POPs in occupational and indoor environments. We discuss the potential advantages, limitations and developments needed, so that PAS can be used reliably and routinely indoors and in occupational settings for POPs.  相似文献   

12.
Kosetice observatory is a facility of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, which is a part of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) network. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs: PCBs, DDTs, HCHs, PAHs) have been monitored in all environmental matrices using the integrated monitoring approach. Generally, the atmospheric levels of POPs in this Central European background station (mean values: 0.115 ng m(-3) for SigmaPCBs, 0.040 ng m(-3) for SigmaDDTs, 0.077 ng m(-3) for SigmaHCHs, and 17 ng m(-3) for SigmaPAHs) are significantly higher than those in other EMEP stations localized mostly in Northern and Western Europe. Long-term trends of POP concentrations in the ambient air and wet deposition are presented in this article and they show a slow decline in the last decade for most of the investigated compounds. Temporally increased levels of certain chemicals were associated with some local climatic (floods) or socio-economic (fuel prices) factors.  相似文献   

13.
Few studies have investigated the bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Brazilian native freshwater fish. In order to evaluate the bioavailability, potential risk to human exposure and the effects of POPs in the fish Hypostomus commersoni, muscle and liver samples of thirteen specimens were collected in a lake located in the city of Ponta Grossa (Parana State, Southern Brazil). Also, the liver and gills were considered for histopathological studies, and oxidative stress was investigated in the liver. Expressive concentrations of POPs were observed in the liver and muscle, with a total of 427 ± 78.7 and 69.2 ± 18.1 ng g(-1) dry weights of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), respectively. Negative correlations between the concentration of several POPs and glutathione S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found. Otherwise, the cholinesterase activity in the muscle and brain presented positive correlations with the concentration of POPs. The hepatic bioaccumulation of some banned pesticides like aldrin, dieldrin and DDT was associated with various histopathological findings in the liver and gills. Necrotic areas, fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the absence of macrophage centers were observed in the liver, indicating both chronic exposure and immunological suppression. Neoplasic changes were observed in the gills, confirming the carcinogenic potential reported for some of the investigated pollutants. The current work was the first to study the bioaccumulation of POPs in H. commersoni, an important species in ecological aspects and as a vehicle to human exposure to PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs).  相似文献   

14.
The Stockholm Convention, which aspires to manage persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the international level, was recently ratified in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Despite this fact, there is in general a paucity of data regarding the levels of POPs in the environment in BiH. In the present study, screening for POPs was conducted in one of the country’s major rivers, the Bosna. A two-pronged approach was applied using passive samplers to detect the freely dissolved and bioavailable concentrations in the water phase and sediment analysis to provide an integrated measure of historical contamination. At several places along the river, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were high and exhibited potential for both chronic and acute effects to biota. River water also showed elevated concentrations of PAH, up to 480 ng L?1 near the city of Doboj, and diagnostic ratios suggested combustion sources for the contamination present in both types of sample. The levels of the other contaminants measured—polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers—were generally low in the water phase. However, PCBs and some OCPs were present in river sediments at levels which breach the international criteria and thus suggest potential for ecological damage. Additionally, the levels of heptachlor breached these criteria in many of the sites investigated. This study presents the first screening data for some of these Stockholm Convention relevant compounds in BiH and reveals both low concentrations of some chemical groups, but significant point sources and historic contamination for others.  相似文献   

15.
Soils have an important role to play in supplying and receiving contaminants from the atmosphere, and in the global cycling of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs). A microcosm study was conducted, in which some aspects of air-soil exchange likely to be important for the global cycling of POPs were simulated. HCB and PCBs were introduced into a sealed chamber, which contained soils of varying organic matter content, and in which soil mixing was a variable. Uptake of these compounds on to the soils was monitored over time. Subsequently, the primary chemical source was removed and further changes in the residues retained on the soils were monitored. The rates of uptake onto the different soil treatments are compared and the influence of the soil organic matter content and mixing evaluated. The implications for the global cycling of POPs are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Atmospheric change comprises many phenomena, namely climate change, acidic deposition, stratospheric ozone depletion, SMOG, increasing trend of suspended particulate matter, and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Among HAPs, a particular group of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as some organochlorine pesticides, has shown a variety of toxic effects, altering the biodiversity of many ecosystems. Because of their persistence in the environment, and of their long range transport, the study of the global cycle of POPs is important in understanding how they can affect biodiversity. This can be accomplished by coupling different approaches: toxicity and ecological studies, emission estimates, and the use of global models.  相似文献   

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