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1.
抗生素造成的环境污染日趋严重、普遍,在我国形势尤为严峻.其污染的对策、现状正逐步成为国际、国内的研究热点,并已经引起包括我国在内的各国政府的高度重视.树脂吸附法因其耐酸碱等特性在环境抗生素的富集、分离和监测中具有独特的优势,本文对此进行了较详尽的论述. 相似文献
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根据美国20世纪90年代初的电力生产及火电NOx的排放情况,并结合我国的实际情况及控制火电NOx排放的趋势,提出2010年和2020年我国火电NOx排放总量控制目标,预测满足火电NOx控制目标的合理的火电厂烟气脱硝容量. 相似文献
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陈胜昌 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(1):52-53
阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用. 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2012,(1):31-31
PM2.5是指大气中直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物。它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20,只有通过电子显微镜才能发现。虽然PM2.5只是地球大气成分中含量很少的组分,但它对空气质量和能见度等有着重要的影响。 相似文献
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环境监测实验室信息管理系统建设——以上海市环境监测中心为例 总被引:6,自引:8,他引:6
简述了实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的概念和建设LIMS的现实意义,着重介绍了上海市环境监测中心实施LIMS的过程和体会,分析了环境监测实验室在LIMS选型和实施过程中需要注意的问题及LIMS对现行工作的影响,并对需进一步完善的功能提出了建议. 相似文献
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离子色谱法同时测定大气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
建立以2.2mmol/L的Na2CO3和2.7mmol/L的NaHCO3的混合溶液为吸收液,同时串联两个大气采样瓶采样,第一个采样瓶的吸收液内含质量体积比为0.05%的乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐(EDTA)吸收大气中SO2和NO2,第二个采样瓶的吸收液中内舍质量体积比为0.9%的过氧化氢采集大气中的NO,采样后用离子色谱法测定,若用10ml吸收液,采样体积为30L时,SO2的检出限为0.004mg/m3,可测浓度范围为0.03~26.7mg/m3;NO2的检出限为6.7×10-4mg/m3,可测浓度范围为0.03~20mg/m3.方法简便快速、准确、选择性好,完全满足环境监测对大气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物的同时测定. 相似文献
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通过调查5种蔬菜对铅、镉绝对吸收量以及富集系数不同,分析了蔬菜与土壤中重金属含量相关性.结果表明,各种蔬菜对镉的吸收绝对量差异明显,同类型蔬菜对铅、镉的吸收量接近.各种蔬菜对铅的富集能力排序为白菜>黄瓜>番茄>青菜>辣椒,对镉的富集能力排序为青菜>白菜>辣椒>番茄>黄瓜.蔬菜对土壤中镉的吸收能力明显大于铅. 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2009,(4):69-69
据英国BBC报道,联合国目前正在商讨控制海运活动日渐增长的碳排放的相关规定。国际海事组织的环境委员会正在起草政策,并着手设计相关的标准,以期海运船只能够更加有效地运行。相关的标准研究工作包括制定船只操作运行标准,从而使船只能够提高燃油效率。但是,在对船只征收燃料税的提议上,研究工作可能不会取得太大的进展。 相似文献
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The main objective of this paper is to present a model for generating synthetic rainfall totals on various timescales to be
applicable for a variety of uses. Many large-scale ecological and water resource models require daily, monthly and yearly
rainfall data as input to the model. As historical data provides only one realisation, synthetic generated rainfall totals
are needed to assess the impact of rainfall variability on water resources systems (Srikanthan, In: MODSIM2005, Melbourne,
Dec. 2005, pp. 1915–1921, 2005). Thus, our preferred model should simulate rainfall for yearly, monthly and daily periods. We believe that, for water supply
issues, no higher resolution is needed, although higher resolution would be useful in models designed to measure the risk
of local flooding. The critical factors are daily, monthly and yearly totals and daily, monthly and yearly variation. A model
for generating yearly totals will be described using traditional time series methods. This model, along with a similarly constructed
daily generation model by Piantadosi et al. (A New Model for Correlated Daily Rainfall, 2008), will be cascaded to start with a synthetic yearly total, then generate a synthetic sequence of monthly totals (through
selection from a large number of realisations) that match the yearly total, and subsequently perform a similar operation for
sequences of daily totals to match the required monthly totals. We present a new model for the generation of synthetic monthly
rainfall data, which we demonstrate for Parafield in Adelaide, South Australia. The rainfall for each month of the year is
modelled as a non-negative random variable from a mixed distribution with either a zero outcome or a strictly positive outcome.
We use maximum likelihood to find parameters for both the probability of a zero outcome and the gamma distribution that best
matches the observed probability density for the strictly positive outcomes. We describe a new model that generates correlated
monthly rainfall totals using a diagonal band copula with a single parameter to generate lag-1 correlated random numbers.
Our model preserves the marginal monthly distributions and, hence, also preserves the monthly and yearly means. We show that,
for Parafield, the correlation between rainfall totals for successive months is not significant, and so, it is reasonable
to assume independence. This is, however, not true for daily rainfall. We describe a new model that generates correlated daily
rainfall totals using a diagonal band copula with a single parameter to generate lag-1 correlated random numbers.
This is an extended version of a paper presented at the 17th Biennial Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Christchurch,
New Zealand, December 2007. 相似文献
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选取北京市近5年夏半年(4—9月)的降雨数据及相关噪声自动监测小时等效声级,利用数学统计软件进行有雨-无雨声级差异性分析、声级-降雨相关性分析及平均声级-雨量变化趋势分析等,提出降雨确实对噪声自动监测小时数据有一定贡献,不同雨量对不同功能区噪声影响不同,建议噪声自动监测系统建设时应考虑雨噪声影响,以保证对声环境质量评价的科学性和准确性。 相似文献
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Nutrient transfer by runoff from sewage sludge amended soil under simulated rainfall 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Quilbé R Serreau C Wicherek S Bernard C Thomas Y Oudinet JP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,100(1-3):177-190
Wastewater sludges are used in agriculture as soil amendment and fertilizer, with regard to their organic matter and nutrient content. However, availability of nitrogen and phosphorus from sludge-amended soils and their transfer in runoff may lead to eutrophication of downstream surface water. The aim of this study is to establish and compare the effect of two different sludges on these transfers: an anaerobically digested and thermically stabilised sludge (Seine-Aval treatment plant, sludge no. 1), and a limed sludge (Saint-Quentin treatment plant, sludge no. 2). Experiments were performed on 12 sloping micro-plots (1 m × 1 m) submitted to sludge spreading and controlled rainfall simulation. Runoff water was sampled and analysed for concentrations in nitrogen species and phosphorus. Results show that spreading of sludge no. 1 increased both ammonium nitrogen (mean of 1.1 mg L–1 N-NH4 vs. 0.2 mg L–1 N-NH4 for control micro-plots) and particulate phosphorus concentrations (mean of 2 mg L–1 P vs. 1.1 mg L–1 P for control micro-plots) in runoff water. On the other hand, sludge no. 2 did not induce any significant effect on nutrient concentrations in runoff. These results are related to chemical composition and physical treatment of sludges. This study underlines the existence of a short-term risk of nutrient mobilisation by runoff after sludge spreading on soil, and the need to check precisely the impact of this practice on water quality. 相似文献
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选取北京市近5年夏半年(4—9月)夜间的降雨数据及相关噪声自动监测小时等效声级,对小时雨量与噪声自动监测数据进行数学统计分析,找出影响噪声监测数据的小时雨量值及不同声级受雨噪声影响的雨量限值,作为降雨对噪声自动监测小时等效声级的有效性判定条件。 相似文献
18.
基于成渝地区大气污染防控形势的严峻性,选取该区域西南部的乐山市作为研究对象,对2016—2020年人工降雨对该城市环境空气质量的影响进行研究。评估发现:冬季改善效果最好,平均每毫米降雨量可降低环境空气质量指数(AQI)约10,对应的SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM10、PM2.5浓度分别降低1.8 μg/m3、3.8 μg/m3、0.1 mg/m3、8.1 μg/m3、6.9 μg/m3、8.9 μg/m3;其次是春季,每毫米降雨量可降低AQI约8,对应的6项污染物浓度分别降低1.0 μg/m3、3.3 μg/m3、0.1 mg/m3、8.1 μg/m3、6.1 μg/m3、8.4 μg/m3;再次是夏季,每毫米降雨量可降低AQI约3,对应的6项污染物浓度分别降低0.6 μg/m3、1.6 μg/m3、0.03 mg/m3、6.9 μg/m3、1.2 μg/m3、2.0 μg/m3;秋季每毫米降雨量可降低AQI约1,对应的6项污染物浓度分别降低0.4 μg/m3、0.6 μg/m3、0.01 mg/m3、3.5 μg/m3、0.1 μg/m3、0.1 μg/m3。计算不同季节降雨总量与污染物削减量之间的Pearson相关系数,结果表明,春季人工降雨总量与O3浓度削减总量呈显著正相关,夏、秋两季人工降雨总量与PM2.5浓度削减总量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
相似文献
20.
Ellis A. M. Franssen Brigit A. M. Staatsen Erik Lebret 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2002,22(6)
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside. 相似文献