吹扫捕集-GC/MS法测定水中苯系物质量控制指标研究

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱法,通过统计全国多家实验室的测定数据和实际样品测试两种方法,对水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯和异丙苯8种苯系物的平行样测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及实际样品加标回收率3个质控指标进行了研究,分别给出每种苯系物的质控指标评价标准,提出其平行样测定相对偏差为6.5％ ～13....     

改良沉淀集卵法检测固体中蛔虫卵方法研究

采用改良后的沉淀集卵法对低(10个/100 g)、中(20个/100 g)、高(40个/100 g)3种不同浓度的加标样品进行蛔虫卵检测,比较其回收率。结果表明:不同浓度加标样品的回收率为高浓度中浓度低浓度。与相关文献实验结果比较表明,该方法不仅回收率较高、稳定性较好,且在检测低浓度样品时较漂浮集卵法具有一定优势。     

吹扫捕集-GC/MS法测定水中氯苯类化合物的质量控制指标研究

调研分析了国内水中氯苯类化合物的常用分析技术应用现状，对吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法可量化的精密度与准确度质量控制指标开展研究。针对水中氯苯、1，2-二氯苯、1，4-二氯苯、三氯苯等4种氯苯类化合物的实际样品平行测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及平行样相对偏差、实际样品加标回收率及平行样相对偏差等指标，通过实验室内方法优化和参数确定，以及国内多家实验室质控数据采集与统计分析，经文献数据比对，获得了不同置信区间下系统性和适用性良好的量化质控指标。     

吹扫捕集- GC/MS法测定水中卤代烃的质量控制指标研究

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法,通过实际样品测试及全国多家实验室测定数据统计两种方法,针对水中三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、溴仿、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1-二氯乙烯、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等8种卤代烃的平行样测定相对偏差、空白加标回收率及实际样品加标回收率等3个指标,研究了每种卤代烃的质控指标评价标准,提出其平行样测定...     

UPLC-MS法同时测定蓝藻中BMAA和DAB

用超高效液相色谱-质谱法（UPLC-MS）测定经6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺基氨基甲酸酯（AQC）柱前衍生后的两种神经毒素β-N-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸（BMAA）和2,4-二氨基丁酸（DAB）,通过优化试验条件,使方法在1.00 μg/L~250 μg/L范围内线性良好,BMAA 和DAB 的方法检出限分别为0.5 μg/L和0.9 μg/L。对空白蓝藻样品做低、中、高3个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,BMAA和DAB的平均回收率分别为（88.2±4.0）%和（87.7±14.2）%,6次测定结果的RSD分别为2.6%~7.9%和2.1%~11.3%。     

气相色谱法测定气体样品中丙烯酸甲酯

采用活性炭吸附气体样品中的丙烯酸甲酯,用二硫化碳浸泡解吸30 min后,取上清液进样,用气相色谱法FID检测器测定。方法在0.475 mg/L~38.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,空白活性炭采样管的3个浓度水平加标回收率为94.7%~98.7%,测定结果的RSD为2.7%~4.6%,方法检出限为0.075μg,当采集1.5 L气体样品时,最低检测质量浓度为0.05 mg/m3。以南京化学工业园区常见的15种化合物做干扰试验,结果方法稳定性好,测定不受干扰。用该方法测定南京市某企业周边环境空气,结果上风向和下风向丙烯酸甲酯均未检出。     

顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中三氯乙醛

用氢氧化钠处理水样,将水样中的三氯乙醛转化为三氯甲烷,用顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用法间接测定水中三氯乙醛,通过优化试验条件,使该方法在1.00μg/L~20.0μg/L之间线性良好,方法检出限为0.12μg/L。用该方法测定3个质量浓度水平的空白加标样,RSD为2.6%~4.4%,回收率为99.4%~101%。3批实际水样只有废水样检出三氯乙醛,实际水样加标回收率为76.2%~104%。     

超声提取-气相色谱质谱法测定大气PM2.5中正构烷烃

建立了超声提取-气相色谱质谱法测定大气PM2.5中32种正构烷烃方法,经离子温度优化、前处理比较、空白滤膜考察等获得了最佳的实验条件。研究发现,高、中、低3种浓度标准曲线的相关系数均在0.995以上,3种浓度的空白样品加标回收率分别为72.2%~117.8%、73.5%~104.4%、73.8%~109.5%,精密度均小于10%,实际样品加标回收率为75.7%~108.9%。当采样体积为24 m3时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.046~2.6 ng/m~3;经正构烷烃浓度范围为0.17~64.3 ng/m~3的1月及浓度范围为0.53~7.67 ng/m~3的6月的实际样品验证,该方法的检出限和测量范围也可较好的满足实际样品的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼胆汁中内分泌干扰物

采用固相萃取法富集鱼胆汁中5种环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs),用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定。通过试验优化前处理条件,使方法在0.100μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.54 ng/L~6.41 ng/L。去离子水3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为77.2%~98.3%,6次测定结果的RSD为2.1%~4.9%。空白鱼胆汁样品的中质量浓度加标回收率为81.7%~108%,6次测定结果的RSD为3.9%~7.1%。     

离子选择电极法测定水中氟化物质量控制指标研究

通过全国多家实验室的大量监测数据,研究分析了离子选择电极法测定水中氟化物的质量控制指标。研究表明,在0.5～4.5 mg/L范围内同一标准样品多次测定的质量控制指标为:室内相对标准偏差(RSD)≤4.0%,室间相对标准偏差(RSD’)≤8.0%,相对误差(RE)≤±10.0%。在0.06～7.0 mg/L范围内实际样品平行双样测定质量控制指标为:相对偏差(RD)≤5.0%。加标回收率范围为90%～110%。     

环境空气中VOC_S在线监测法与SUMMA罐采样气相色谱-质谱法比对研究

定性比较了环境空气VOCs在线监测法和SUMMA罐采样GC-MS法的基本原理、检测化合物种类和适用范围,并对标样实验、日均浓度、小时浓度从统计学角度进行了定量比对.研究表明,VOCs在线监测法监测结果与实验室方法有较好可比性,可用于相关领域VOCs的连续监控.     

Effects of Regional Reductions in Sulphur Deposition on the Chemical and Biological Recovery of Lakes within Killarney Park, Ontario, Canada

The lakes in KillarneyProvincial Park, located 40–60 km southwest ofSudbury, Ontario, were some of the first lakesin North America to be acidified by atmosphericpollutants. Acidification affected thousandsof fish and invertebrate populations in dozensof lakes. Since the 1970's, water quality hasimproved in response to atmospheric pollutionreductions and some lakes have alreadyrecovered to approximately their pre-industrialpH levels, as inferred from diatom microfossilsin lake sediments. Since the 1970's, fishspecies richness has not changed substantially,but zooplankton species richness has increasedin acidified lakes. The critical sulphur load,the amount of SO₂-derived acid depositionthat can occur while still maintaining suitable water quality, was estimated to beexceeded in 38% of the park area in 1997. Depending on which of four possible NorthAmerican emission control scenarios (CLR =currently legislated reduction; CLR + 25%; CLR+ 50%; CLR + 75%) is achieved by 2010, theprojected critical loads will be exceeded inabout 0-30% of the park area in the future. There are many factors that can affectbiological recovery rates of damaged lakes, butit is expected that biological recovery willlag considerably behind observed chemicalrecovery rates.     

S-316回收装置使用方法探讨

阐述了S－316回收装置具体使用操作步骤及注意事项。通过回收试验可知，一般情况下S－316回收率在90％以上，S－316待回收废液体积越大，回收率越高。     

固定污染源CEMS相对准确度计算模板

介绍一套"固定污染源CEMS相对准确度计算模板",模板由后台运算单元和面板单元组成,把参比方法与CEMS同时段测定值组成的数据对输入或贴入该模板,即可生成相对准确度的计算结果。该模板适用于固定污染源CEMS气态污染物二氧化硫和氮氧化物浓度及氧含量准确度的计算,可减轻监测技术人员的劳动强度,提高计算结果的准确性。     

Cause-effect relationships in analytical surveys: an illustration of statistical issues

Establishing cause-effect is critical in the field of natural resources where one may want to know the impact of management practices, wildfires, drought, etc. on water quality and quantity, wildlife, growth and survival of desirable trees for timber production, etc. Yet, key obstacles exist when trying to establish cause-effect in such contexts. Issues involved with identifying a causal hypothesis, and conditions needed to estimate a causal effect or to establish cause-effect are considered. Ideally one conducts an experiment and follows with a survey, or vice versa. In an experiment, the population of inference may be quite limited and in surveys, the probability distribution of treatment assignments is generally unknown and, if not accounted for, can cause serious errors when estimating causal effects. The latter is illustrated in simulation experiments of artificially generated forest populations using annual plot mortality as the response, drought as the cause, and age as a covariate that is correlated with mortality. We also consider the role of a vague unobservable covariate such as `drought susceptibility'. Recommendations are made designed to maximize the possibility of identifying cause-effect relationships in large-scale natural resources surveys.     

2009年广州能见度变化规律及主要影响因素分析

通过对2009年的广州大气能见度和影响因素的数据资料统计,结合定性分析、相关性计算及各时间尺度中物理量的相互作用过程研究,得出能见度的变化规律和各因素的相关性特征。结果表明,2009年整体能见度水平略有提高;24h的降雨量、气温差值较大时,该日的能见度小时均值波动较大;风速、相对湿度与中尺度(24h)能见度的相关性较强;降雨量、气温对小尺度(1h、5min)能见度影响显著;相对湿度水平能制约风速对能见度的改善作用。灰霾现象等与能见度水平密切相关。     

烟气连续监测系统的相对准确度检测

阐述了HJ／T76—2001《固定污染源排放烟气连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法》标准中烟气连续监测系统的相对准确度计算和相对准确度计算中存在的问题。对存在问题中的重复性或复现性的假设、B类不确定度的忽略、标准分析方法平均值的采用和偏差检验进行了探讨。     

Air quality and respiratory health in Delhi

Delhi is an instructive location for studying the impact of air pollution since it is a rapidly expanding centre of government, trade commerce and industry. We have made an attempt to (1) determine the association between environmental pollution and respiratory morbidity in Delhi for the period 1998–2004, (2) assess the impact on hospital admission of the implementation of recent governmental regulations and (3) calculate the relative risk of hospitalization due to respiratory ailments caused by air pollutants. Seven hospitals from different parts of Delhi were selected. The pollution profiles of these areas were assessed and subsequently Poisson regression model was performed for the patient population. There was a remarkable decrease in monthly average concentration of sulphur dioxide (from 17.9 to 11.1 μg m⁻³) and increase in monthly average concentration of nitrogen dioxide (from 34.2 to 49.1 μg m⁻³) after the newly introduced regulations. Particulates were observed to have marginal fall in their concentration but still remained above the permissible limits. Gaseous pollutants, in spite of being at a level lower than the permissible level, showed more consistent significant association with respiratory admissions. The relative risks of hospitalization due to respiratory diseases were in the range of 1.07–2.82 in residential cum commercial areas. Comparative study of pre and post new stringent governmental regulation showed significant positive association of NO₂ with respiratory disorders in southern (RR: 1.10; CI: 1.09–1.12) and northern regions (RR: 1.33; CI: 1.27–1.39), both mixed use areas. In spite of the improvement in the air quality, the associated health effects were found to be substantial.     

实验室中三氯甲烷废液的回收利用

通过对三氯甲烷废液的回收及用于环境样品阴离子洗涤剂的测定中作为萃取液对比实验,得出回收的三氯甲烷与纯三氯甲烷实验结果一致,经检验,二者无显著性差异。回收后的三氯甲烷不仅能取得良好的实验结果,而且具有一定的经济效益和环境效益。