基于NDVI指数的骆马湖水生植被分级研究

基于典型时段骆马湖LandsatTM遥感影像,利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）法对骆马湖水生植被进行分级研究.采用标准差分级方法,将骆马湖水生植被分为5个等级.研究结果表明,利用这种分级方法处理的图像能够较准确地反映骆马湖水生植被区域分布和等级分区,能够更准确地给出采砂区和生态保护区域的位置,增强湖区水生态环境保护工作的有效性和针对性.     

骆马湖水质变化特征及其富营养化评价

通过对骆马湖1997 - 2003年的水质监测,分析了骆马湖水体的主要污染物在不同湖区、不同水期、不同年际的时空变化规律,结果显示,骆马湖戴场湖区水质明显劣于其它湖区,骆马湖主要污染物在丰水期明显高于平、枯水期,骆马湖1997 - 2003年主要污染物浓度变化不十分明显.同时对骆马湖2003年的富营养化水平进行了评价,目前骆马湖处于中营养水平.针对骆马湖的富营养化防治提出了一些建议.     

玄武湖菹草种群的发生与水环境变化

于2005年11月-2006年4月对玄武湖菹草种群进行了采样分析,并对其发生过程中的水环境质量进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,玄武湖菹草种群发生过程中,湖区水质有明显改善,湖水透明度增加,主要监测指标TN、TP质量浓度值下降.指出,在湖区维持一定量的菹草,对湖泊在冬春季的水环境质量的改善以及生态系统的平衡与健康方面具有重要意义.提出解决湖泊环境问题的根本途径是修复重建健康水生态系统.     

东平湖菹草大面积衰亡的危害及防治对策

由于东平湖近年来污染加剧，使湖水富营养化加重，出现了菹草大量生长，6月以后，又出现菹草大面积衰亡、腐烂等现象，不但造成生态环境破坏，还发生鱼类大量死亡事件．针对上述情况，作者分析了菹草生长的原因并提出了治理菹草污染的措施．     

水生高等植物季相交替群落对富营养化水体净化效果调查

为调查水生植物恢复演替过程中对水质净化作用．在富营养化湖泊内的围隔中，引种菹草、伊乐藻、野菱、水鳖，分别构建由菹草、伊乐藻、野菱、水鳖组成的（同区A）和由菹草、野菱组成的（围区E）季相交替水生植物群落，跟踪观测水生植物恢复生长情况。结果表明，由菹草、伊乐藻、野菱、水鳖所构建的季相交替的水生植物群落能在水质变化剧烈、藻类容易爆发的阶段（初春至夏末）持续有效的抑制浮游植物生长繁殖，对富营养化水体中的营养盐有较高的去除作用，并能有效缓解因前一种植物死亡给水质带来的不利影响，使水质保持相对稳定。     

生物材料测氟的三种前处理方法比较

一、材料与方法 1.材料:取自塘沽某水库,分别是1~#青虾、2 ~#花鲢、3 ~#菹草、4 ~#水绵,青虾去壳取肉。花鲢去内脏洗净后用纱布擦干,去皮去骨取肉。菹草和水绵洗净后放55℃恒温箱烘至恒重。青虾和花鲢用组织捣碎机捣碎;菹草和水绵用不锈钢剪刀剪碎,过40目筛。 2.处理方法:     

太湖水质氮素质量浓度时空差异特征及影响因素分析

通过对2014—2016年湖体水质中氮素质量浓度分析,结合出入湖总氮浓度、水量、湖体水生生态等影响因素,发现太湖水体中总氮浓度呈现逐年下降的趋势,各监测点位总氮为0.530 mg/L～5.51 mg/L,时空分布不均,差异明显。时间上,总氮浓度表现为春季最高,夏季和秋季最低,且月均值变化曲线呈现出规律的正弦函数波形。空间上,总氮浓度大致表现出由西部湖区向东部湖区递减的趋势,呈现西部湖区﹥北部湖区﹥南部湖区﹥湖心区﹥东部湖区。要改善湖体水质,不仅要切断污染源,而且要加强水生生态功能修复。     

骆马湖富营养化发生机制与防治途径初探

骆马湖为一浅水湖泊 ,具有典型的过水性特征 ,其已经处于中—富营养化阶段。通过对骆马湖富营养化发生机制的研究 ,发现入湖河道携入大量营养物质入湖和水生植物的破坏是骆马湖富营养化进程加快的主要原因。文章提出了控制骆马湖富营养化的一些措施 :控制外源污染物入湖、加强湖滨湿地建设和水生植物的保护、合理的水库调度以及湖泊内部的生物治理     

太湖水草监管体系构建初步研究

随着太湖地区的经济发展及湖泊资源的利用，太湖水草的爆发性生长已经成为提高太湖水质、维持生态系统稳定的严重阻碍。水草枯亡后可能会导致水质异常，进而给苏州市饮用水安全带来威胁。依据4年来对太湖主要湖区水草的群落结构、分布范围、季节更替的研究，初步构建了太湖水草监管体系，为政府部门实施系统性监管提供支撑，并在全国湖泊水草监管方面发挥积极的示范作用。     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

通过对骆马湖2005年水质监测，并结合近几年的监测资料，对结果进行了分析。结果表明，氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染指标之一，主要是总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮污染，其主要污染特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。针对实际提出了骆马湖整治的建议。     

淮河流域河南段水生植物多样性评价及其影响因素分析

通过对淮河流域河南段开展野外调查及室内监测,分析河流水生植物类群组成及优势物种,从多样性、丰富度、优势度、均匀度4个方面对水生植物进行健康评价,采用CCA分析法探讨影响水生植物的关键环境因素。结果表明,淮河流域河南段共有水生植物38种,隶属于25科33属,分布广泛的优势种为芦苇、水花生、金鱼藻、轮叶黑藻、水蓼、水鳖、篦齿眼子菜。针对健康评价结果,淮河流域河南段水生植物呈现病态到健康状态。分析表明河流生态系统遭受破坏,生态系统呈现不稳定状况,主要原因为水质污染及人为活动干扰强烈。根据水生植物分布与水环境因子CCA响应关系研究,影响水生植物的主要因子为TP、COD、p H、电导率、氨氮。     

塔山水库春季水生生物特征调查

对塔山水库春季湖水中浮游生物、底栖动物和入湖河道水生维管植物的生物学性质进行了调查。结果表明，塔山水库浮游植物共7门60属130种，主要优势种类为小环藻、尖针杆藻、冰岛直链藻等8种；共鉴定浮游动物5大类25种，主要优势种类为幼虫、独角聚花轮虫、浮游累枝虫、缩钟虫等；共鉴定底栖动物2大类，2种；浮游植物单位体积内 Chla为6．06～15．33 mg/m3，最高生产层日产量（以碳计）为0．26～0．65 g /（m3· d），水柱日产量（以碳计）为0．78～1．06 g /（m2·d）；共记录水生维管植物9种，优势种为空心莲子草、浮萍、菹草和紫萍。塔山水库水质处于中度及以上富营养化水平。     

Landsat and limnologically derived water quality data: A perspective

Fixed station sampling is the conventional method used to obtain data on the median water quality of reservoirs. A major source of uncertainty associated with this technique is that water quality at the fixed stations may not be representative of the ambient water quality in the reservoir at the time of sampling. This problem is particularly relevant for water quality variables such as chlorophyll, which have a markedly patchy spatial distribution. The use of Landsat reflectance data to estimate median chlorophyll concentrations in Roodeplaat Dam was investigated. A linear polynomial regression model for estimating chlorophyll concentrations from Landsat reflectance data, was firstly calibrated with chlorophyll concentration data obtained by sampling seven fixed stations on the reservoir at the time of the satellite overflight to produce an individual calibration. Secondly, the model was calibrated with a pooled set of sampled data obtained from five separate overflights, to obtain a generalised calibration.It was found that median chlorophyll concentrations determined from Landsat-derived data were similar to median chlorophyll concentrations estimated from fixed station data. However, the range of chlorophyll concentrations in the reservoir estimated from Landsat data was considerably larger than that estimated from fixed station data. Landsat derived estimates of chlorophyll concentrations have the added advantage of providing information on the spatial distribution of chlorophyll in the reservoir.     

Accuracy assessment of land surface temperature retrievals from Landsat 7 ETM + in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica using iButton temperature loggers and weather station data

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the largest snow/ice-free regions on this vast continent, comprising 1 % of the land mass. Due to harsh environmental conditions, the valleys are bereft of any vegetation. Land surface temperature is a key determinate of microclimate and a driver for sensible and latent heat fluxes of the surface. The Dry Valleys have been the focus of ecological studies as they arguably provide the simplest trophic structure suitable for modelling. In this paper, we employ a validation method for land surface temperatures obtained from Landsat 7 ETM + imagery and compared with in situ land surface temperature data collected from four transects totalling 45 iButtons. A single meteorological station was used to obtain a better understanding of daily and seasonal cycles in land surface temperatures. Results show a good agreement between the iButton and the Landsat 7 ETM + product for clear sky cases. We conclude that Landsat 7 ETM + derived land surface temperatures can be used at broad spatial scales for ecological and meteorological research.     

Land cover change of watersheds in Southern Guam from 1973 to 2001

Land cover change can be caused by human-induced activities and natural forces. Land cover change in watershed level has been a main concern for a long time in the world since watersheds play an important role in our life and environment. This paper is focused on how to apply Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) satellite image of 1973 and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite image of 2001 to determine the land cover changes of coastal watersheds from 1973 to 2001. GIS and remote sensing are integrated to derive land cover information from Landsat satellite images of 1973 and 2001. The land cover classification is based on supervised classification method in remote sensing software ERDAS IMAGINE. Historical GIS data is used to replace the areas covered by clouds or shadows in the image of 1973 to improve classification accuracy. Then, temporal land cover is utilized to determine land cover change of coastal watersheds in southern Guam. The overall classification accuracies for Landsat MSS image of 1973 and Landsat TM image of 2001 are 82.74% and 90.42%, respectively. The overall classification of Landsat MSS image is particularly satisfactory considering its coarse spatial resolution and relatively bad data quality because of lots of clouds and shadows in the image. Watershed land cover change in southern Guam is affected greatly by anthropogenic activities. However, natural forces also affect land cover in space and time. Land cover information and change in watersheds can be applied for watershed management and planning, and environmental modeling and assessment. Based on spatio-temporal land cover information, the interaction behavior between human and environment may be evaluated. The findings in this research will be useful to similar research in other tropical islands.     

Using Landsat image time series to study a small water body in Northern Spain

Ramsar Convention and EU Water Framework Directive are two international agreements focused on the conservation and achievement of good ecological and chemical status of wetlands. Wetlands are important ecosystems holding many plant and animal communities. Their environmental status can be characterised by the quality of their water bodies. Water quality can be assessed from biophysical parameters (such as Chlorophyll-a concentration ([Chla]), water surface temperature and transparency) in the deeper or lacustrine zone, or from bioindicators (as submerged aquatic vegetation) in the shallow or palustrine zone. This paper proves the use of Landsat time series to measure the evolution of water quality parameters and the environmental dynamics of a small water body (6.57 ha) in a Ramsar wetland (Arreo Lake in the North of Spain). Our results show that Landsat TM images can be used to describe periodic behaviours such as the water surface temperature or the phenologic state of the submerged vegetation (through normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and thus detect anomalous events. We also show how [Chla] and transparency can be measured in the lacustrine zone using Landsat TM images and an algorithm adjusted for mesotrophic Spanish lakes, and the resulting values vary in time in accordance with field measurements (although these were not synchronous with the images). The availability of this algorithm also highlights anomalies in the field data series that are found to be related with the concentration of suspended matter. All this potential of Landsat imagery to monitor small water bodies in wetlands can be used for hindcasting of past evolution of these wetlands (dating back to 1970s) and will be also useful in the future thanks to the Landsat continuity mission and the Operational Land Imager.     

Water quality assessment at Ömerli Dam using remote sensing techniques

Water quality at Omerli Dam, which is a vital potable water resource of Istanbul City, Turkey was assessed using the first four bands of Landsat 7-ETM satellite data, acquired in May 2001 and water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate measured at several measurement stations at Omerli Dam during satellite image acquisition time and archived at the Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology laboratory of the Marmara Research Center, where this study was carried out. Establishing a relationship between this data, and the pixel reflectance values in the satellite image, chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate maps were produced for the Omerli Dam.     

Monitoring The Turbidity and Surface Temperature Changes and Effects of the 17 August 1999 Earthquake in the İzmİt Gulf,Turkey by the Landsat TM/ETM Data

The temporal turbidity and surface temperature changes and effects of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the İzmit Gulf, Turkey have been investigated using Landsat TM/ETM data. The gulf is in the Mediterranean–Black Sea transition climatic zone and is partially surrounded by green vegetation cover and degraded and densely urbanized-industrialized areas. Landsat TM/ETM data acquired in 1990–1999 confirms increase in turbidity. Turbidity is always low in the southern part and high in the northern part of the gulf, because the more urbanized and industrialized areas are located in the northern part. The Landsat-7 ETM data acquired in the same year (1999) shows seasonal changes in turbidity. Moreover, the two high turbidity and surface temperature anomalies, one of which is parallel to the 17 August 1999 earthquake surface rupture (east–west) and the other which is in the northwest–southeast direction were mapped from Landsat-5 TM data acquired the day (18.08.1999) following the earthquake in the east end of the gulf. On the basis of turbidity implying the sea bottom movement, it is possible to state that a second rupture in the northwest and southeast direction could have occurred at the sea bottom during the earthquake. The distribution of the seismicity centers and the orientation of the lineaments in the area support this finding.     

Assessment of Chlorophyll-a Concentration and Trophic State for Lake Chagan Using Landsat TM and Field Spectral Data

In this study, we present the digital evaluation of Landsat TM data and field spectral measurements for retrieving chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and trophic state index in Lake Chagan of Northeast China. Chl-a concentration of the lake can be estimated from the band ratio (TM4/TM3) and the field spectral data at 670 nm (absorption peak) and at 700 nm (reflectance peak). The results show that the best determination coefficient (R ²) is 0.67 from the TM data, by which chl-a distribution can be mapped. Based on chl-a determination from laboratory analysis, field spectral and TM data, the modified trophic state index (TSI_M) was applied to assess the lake’s trophic state. With the available data in Lake Chagan, each algorithm demonstrates the similar result for assessing the lake’s chl-a and trophic state. Our results indicate that Landsat TM and field spectral data could be used effectively to determine chl-a concentration and evaluate the trophic state of Lake Chagan in the study.     

Monitoring and validating spatio-temporal dynamics of biogeochemical properties in Mersin Bay (Turkey) using Landsat ETM+

The objective of this study was to devise and validate simple models for estimating spatio-temporal dynamics of seven optically (in)active biogeochemical properties in Mersin Bay using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data and GIS. Spatio-temporal dynamics of Secchi depth (S (depth)), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite nitrogen (NO(2)-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO?-N), silicate (SiO?), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were estimated using best-fit multiple linear regression (MLR) models as a function of Landsat 7 ETM+ and ground data in 2007 and 2008, latitude, longitude, and day of year. Validation of the MLR models against Landsat and ground data in 2005 led to r values ranging from 0.39 for NO?-N (P?=?0.008) to 0.79 for S (depth) (P?相似文献