北京市公交车噪声测试与分析

公交车已成为当前北京市道路交通噪声的主要束源之一,针对公交车声源模型缺乏而沿用大型车声源模型所致的噪声预测误差问题,在北京市选取了两类常见公交车进行了537辆车的单车通过噪声测试,在无效数据剔除和背景噪声修正后,利用回归分析法获得了北京市公交车声源模型,通过与现有《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中大型车声源模型的比较,显示出建立北京市公交车噪声声源模型的必要性。基于《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中的道路交通噪声预测方法,提出了符合北京市实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型。     

北京市城市道路交通噪声的灰色预测

以北京市1991~2002年城市道路交通噪声监测数据为基础,运用灰色系统理论,建立了灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,并采用残差、均方差比值、小误差概率检验等3种办法对所建模型的拟合精度进行了检验.结果表明,此模型精度为一级灰色预测模型.预测精度较高,平均拟合偏差为0.40%.对2003~2005年噪声的预测精度平均高达99.9%.利用常规GM(1,1)模型、新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型和多维灰数递补GM(1,1)模型等三种预测模型对本市未来3年(2006~2008年)的城市道路交通噪声进行了预测.     

灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在城市道路交通噪声预测中的应用

以郑州１９９１～１９９６年城市道路交通噪声监测的数据,运用灰色系统理论,建立了常规ＧＭ（１,１）和新陈代谢ＧＭ（１,１）预测模型。经用四种不同方法对两种模型的精度进行检验,结果表明,新陈代谢ＧＭ（１,１）模型优于常规ＧＭ（１,１）模型,其精度更高,不失为预测城市道路交通噪声的一种好方法。应用该模型,对郑州城市道路交通噪声未来１０年进行预测,其结果符合郑州城市的实际情况     

城市公交车定置噪声测试与特征分析

对北京市典型类别公交车的噪声污染水平及排放特征进行了测试和研究。研究和统计结果表明,北京城市在用公交车的定置噪声排放水平总体处于90～103 dB(A),其A计权频域特征以人耳敏感的中高频噪声为主,对城市居民的环境影响较大,是目前城市内需要重点关注的噪声污染源。相关数据将为交通和环保部门有针对性地提出噪声控制措施和制订相关法规提供有效支撑。     

平原高速公路交通噪声对两侧敏感区域影响的探讨

针对目前平原高速公路交通噪声影响两侧敏感区域的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用声学传播理论,对交通噪声的衰减结果进行计算,并用实测数据进行验证。其结果对平原高速公路交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考。     

城市轨道交通噪声评价方法及其限值的研究

根据城市轨道交通噪声时、空分布特点及污染规律,对轨道交通噪声评价量作了分析研究,提出了列车通过时的最大声级作为城市轨道交通噪声的评价量,并根据噪声时问分布特性曲线提出了与之相对应的等效声级简易计算方法.通过对上海轨道交通3号线沿线居民区的主、客观调查,得到主观烦恼度阈值和干扰睡眠阈值,提出了适用于我国城市轨道交通的环境噪声限值(建议).     

英国CRTN道路交通噪声预测模型在中国的适用性研究

基于道路交通噪声990 h监测数据,对英国CRTN模型中源强计算模型在中国的适用性进行了验证。试验结果表明,理论计算与实测结果之间平均仅相差0.57 dB（A）,CRTN源强预测模型在中国可以可靠地预测道路交通噪声。     

城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价方法及实例分析

基于城市轨道交通噪声环境影响的特点，对城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价的几个关键问题进行了探讨，构建了城市轨道交通噪声环境影响评价方法及预测模式。以广州市轨道交通六号线为例，对提出的噪声环境影响评价方法进行了实证分析，结果可行。     

高架桥-地面复合型道路交通噪声的分析

监测了兰州市马家坡附近一处高架桥-地面复合型交通道路的噪声，分析了这种复合型道路交通噪声的形成及分布，进行了这种立体式交通结构声环境的分析。     

高速公路交通噪声预测模型探讨

针对我国当前广泛使用的2种高速公路噪声预测模型《06规范》预测模型与《09导则》预测模型在预测时比较研究,重点利用环境现状监测数据分别对2种模型验证与对比分析.结果表明,2种模型预测值与实测值相差3dB ～5dB,车流量＞ 300辆/h,《09导则》更接近实测值；在夜间车流量＜300辆/h,《06规范》更接近实测值,2种模型结合采用《06规范》计算的车速,距离衰减考虑车流量的大小,在此基础上应用《09导则》,预测结果与实测值更为接近.     

城市道路交通噪声分布模拟研究

通过对梅州市中心城区7条道路的噪声监测,分析了中心城区道路的噪声污染水平。采用道路交通噪声预测模型,以实测交通流数据对中心城区的噪声污染进行模拟和减噪措施评估。结果表明,采用限速措施和安装声屏障措施均有降低噪声污染的效果,为管理部门防治噪声污染提供了参考。     

Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model under Interrupted Traffic Flow Condition

The objective of this study is to develop an empirical traffic noise prediction model under interrupted traffic flow conditions using two analytical the approaches, the first being the acceleration lane approach and second being the deceleration approach. The urban road network of Bangalore city has been selected as the study area. Sixteen locations are chosen in major traffic junctions of the study area. The traffic noise data collected from the study locations were analyzed separately for both acceleration and deceleration lanes when vehicles leave an intersection on a green traffic light and come to a stop on red traffic light. Based on the study, a regression noise prediction model has been developed for both acceleration and deceleration lanes.     

Study on the effect of porous fence on air quality and traffic noise level around a double-decked road structure

Fence for traffic noise control sometimes causes adverse effect on air pollution. Thus in this study, performance of porous fence as a tool for control of both air pollution and noise pollution was evaluated. A two-dimensional numerical model for flow and pollutant concentration and an analytical model for traffic noise were utilized in the analysis of a double-decked road structure with fences only at ground (Case 1) and at both ground and upper deck (Case 2). Porous fences were assumed only at the ground level since the solid fences at the upper deck usually leads to desirable result on air pollution. Effects of the variable porosity on air quality and noise level near road were evaluated. Obtained results showed: (1) flow pattern in leeward of fence was drastically changed at 40–50% porosity in Case 1 and 50% in Case 2. The porosity larger than 40% excluded presence of a circulation behind the fence. (2) Effect of porous fence on air pollution was different in Cases 1 and 2. In Case 1, the porous fence generally resulted in the reduction of air pollution at the ground level; on the other hand, in Case 2, it rather led to increase of the concentration. (3) Traffic noise level was also largely changed by the porosity of the fence; an example of simultaneous evaluation of the effects of porous fence on both air and noise pollution in Case 1 showed that the fence of 60% porosity leads to reduction of air pollution by 20% compared with solid fence case, and reduction of noise pollution by 4–6% in dB compared with no fence case, at l m high and 10 m from the road.     

Determination of Path Coefficients and Its Application in Road Traffic Noise Annoyance – a Theoretical Approach

This paper elucidates the basic approach of determining the path coefficients and its significance in the road traffic noise annoyance. Path model not only outline the direct effect of the traffic noise on the nearby residents but also indicate the indirect effect via other variables. In this study seven variables were considered for determining road traffic noise annoyance. However the same would be equally applicable for other situations like aircraft noise, rail noise, and industry noise with the different variables. At the outset a priori path model was designed and then on the basis of the partial regression coefficient values for the different paths, the revised path model was developed. The standardized partial regression coefficients known as path coefficients, determine the strength of the linkage among variables. Some of the paths in the model were not statistically significant. Revised path models were developed by deleting the insignificant paths whose values were found above 5% level. In the revised path model, thus the direct and indirect effect due to a particular variable causing the road traffic noise annoyance could be observed.     

广州市昼夜道路交通噪声的监测与分析

对广州市的昼夜交通噪声污染现状进行了分区域分道路等级的实地监测,得到共53个监测点位白天和夜晚的等效声级及其统计声级,同时对每个监测点展开了交通流调查,并分析交通流特征对交通噪声的影响。监测结果表明, 白天快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为74.2、72.2、67.8、65.1 dB,快速路及主干路沿线的交通噪声污染比次干路及支路的严重。夜晚所有测点的噪声值均超过55 dB,快速路、主干路、次干路及支路的平均等效声级分别为72.2、72.3、66.3、64.5 dB,广州市夜晚的交通噪声污染较为严重。     

高速公路交通噪声的多普勒效应

通过对高速公路交通噪声现场测定与研究分析,结果表明,由于高速公路上行驶的车辆速度很快,致使在高速公路两侧近距离接收点上,当车辆迎面驶来到背离驶去时,交通噪声出现明显的频率漂移和A声级的显著差异,即出现高速公路交通噪声的多普勒效应。     

Evaluation of Traffic Noise Pollution in Amman, Jordan

The City of Amman, Jordan, has been subjected to persistent increase in road traffic due to overall increase in prosperity, fast development and expansion of economy, travel and tourism. This study investigates traffic noise pollution in Amman. Road traffic noise index L ₁₀(1 h) was measured at 28 locations that cover most of the City of Amman. Noise measurements were carried out at these 28 locations two times a day for a period of one hour during the early morning and early evening rush hours, in the presence and absence of a barrier. The Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) prediction model was employed to predict noise levels at the locations chosen for the study. Data required for the model include traffic volume, speed, percentage of heavy vehicles, road surface, gradient, obstructions, distance, noise path, intervening ground, effect of shielding, and angle of view. The results of the investigation showed that the minimum and the maximum noise levels are 46 dB(A) and 81 dB(A) during day-time and 58 dB(A) and 71 dB(A) during night-time. The measured noise level exceeded the 62 dB(A) acceptable limit at most of the locations. The CTRN prediction model was successful in predicting noise levels at most of the locations chosen for this investigation, with more accurate predictions for night-time measurements.     

利用阈值浮动技术实现机场周围飞机噪声的自动测量

介绍一种自动、高效测量机场周围飞机噪声的技术方法"阈值浮动技术",即噪声测量仪的运行阈值随环境背景噪声的高低而自主浮动的技术。利用该技术,当被测飞机噪声声级高于运行阈值时,噪声测量仪启动"记录、分析、录音"等程序的运行;当被测飞机噪声声级低于运行阈值时,停止相关程序的运行。由于运行阈值是浮动的,因而实现了机场周围飞机噪声的自动、高效和准确测量。给出了实现"阈值浮动技术"的计算机算法,并列举了测量实例对该项技术加以验证,证明了该技术方法行之有效。