南通市濠河沉积物重金属污染特征及生态环境风险评价

对濠河沉积物重金属污染的总体水平进行调查,采用地累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价南通市濠河沉积物重金属污染现状及潜在生态环境风险,分析2001-2011年濠河沉积物重金属污染变化趋势.结果表明,濠河重金属污染程度属于中污染水平,重金属潜在生态危害属较强级别,毒性系数较大的总镉潜在生态危害排在首位,总镉应作为今后濠河水环境综合整治的重点防控指标.     

湖北省重点区域及周边表层土壤重金属污染现状及评价

对湖北省内9类不同重点区域及周边表层土壤环境质量进行检测,测定重金属镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍、锌含量水平,采用内梅罗污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对检测结果进行评价。结果表明:9类不同重点区域及周边土壤环境质量整体良好,未受重金属污染的土壤监测点位比例为68.2%~92.6%,轻度污染的点位比例为5.8%~20.4%,中度污染为0.0%~8.6%,重度污染为0.0%~9.1%;污染企业周边、油田采矿区周边、固废处置场地周边、工业遗留遗弃场地及周边4类重点区域受重金属污染相对较严重,影响其土壤环境质量的重金属主要是镉、砷、铜、铅;9类不同重点区域周边土壤环境质量的潜在生态风险等级以轻微、中度为主,对应的监测点位比例分别为36.4%~80.5%、18.1%~47.7%,潜在生态风险等级为强度、很强、极强的监测点位比例总和为1.4%~15.9%,主要分布在受重金属污染严重的监测区域。     

火焰原子吸收法测定大气降尘中的铜,铅,锌,镉

火焰原子吸收法测定大气降尘中的铜、铅、锌、镉康新立（山西省运城地区环保局０４４０００）杨俊玲（山西省运城地区药检所０４４０００）大气中重金属的测定，以往是将大气中重金属采集到氯乙烯滤膜上，用氯仿溶解滤膜后，直接用火焰原子吸收法进行测定，由于含量较低，...     

南沙河水体重金属污染特征及潜在生态危险评价

通过测定南沙河水体中重金属的含量,探讨重金属的分布特征,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对沉积物中重金属污染程度和潜在生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,南沙河水体重金属的污染较轻,沉积物的重金属地累积指数分级在0～3之间,属于无污染至中度污染水平,各重金属的污染程度为Zn>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。沉积物重金属呈现由较轻到中等的生态风险,以Cd的生态风险为主。     

洪泽湖鱼体内重金属含量调查

对洪泽湖鱼体中的Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Zn等5种重金属进行了测定,分析了不同重金属在鱼的组织器官中的含量分布情况,并重点探讨了重金属在鱼体内的富集规律。结果显示：同一类组织器官中重金属的含量、同一金属在不同组织器官中的分布、不同鱼类对同种金属元素的吸收积累存在显著差异,5种重金属的含量以肌肉中的含量最低;均值型指数法显示,鱼样中肌肉组织残毒污染较小,属于微污染到轻污染级别;污染负荷比说明洪泽湖鱼体残毒的主要污染因子是铅、镉。     

典型金属冶炼城市降尘中重金属污染特征及风险评价

2021年1-3月,采集湖南省某典型金属冶炼城市不同功能区的降尘样品,分析测定了17种重金属元素含量,其中15种重金属元素含量超出了湖南背景值,分别为Ag、Fe、Cd、Ti、Sb、Tl、Pb、As、Zn、Cu、Mo、Ni、Cr、Ba、Mn。采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评价模型对大气降尘中重金属可能造成的生态风险和健康风险进行评价。结果表明:受长期的有色金属冶炼影响,Ag、Cd、Fe、Sb、Ti、Tl 6种重金属达到了极重度污染,Pb、As、Zn、Cu、Mo在中度污染程度以上。工业区的综合生态危害指数远高于工业居民混合区、工业农业混合区、居民区和交通区,达到了极强生态危害级别。健康风险评价结果显示:大气降尘中As和Pb存在非致癌风险,As、Cd和Ni存在致癌风险,且经口摄入是最主要的暴露途径。与青少年和儿童相比,大气降尘中重金属对成人造成的风险较高,且成年女性面临的风险高于成年男性。     

电厂周围土壤重金属空间分布与风险评价研究

对宁夏地区大武口电厂周围土壤中铜、锌、铅和铬进行测定分析,利用不同的评价标准来评价其环境质量状况,同时借助GIS软件研究了污染指数的空间分布状况并解析了其重金属污染来源.结果表明,以自然背景值为评价标准,则大武口电厂周围土壤中的重金属都超过污染指标,其中铅和铬的污染较重;以国标二级为评价标准,则四种重金属的单项污染指数值全都小于1,其综合污染指数小于0.7,尚未受到污染.大武口电厂、大武口市区的公路交通及人为活动等可能是主要污染源.     

西南涌流域底泥重金属污染特征及潜在生态危害评价

西南涌流域近年来受到比较严重的污染,为了解受重金属污染状况,对该流域底泥重金属污染水平与特征进行了调查与分析,并在此基础上采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对西南涌流域底泥重金属污染程度与生态危害进行了评价。结果表明,西南涌流域底泥已不同程度受到重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的污染,与珠三角土壤背景值相比,西南涌流域底泥重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr分别超标11.38、3.32、1.81、19.45、3.20倍;底泥中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd之间呈极显著正相关(r=0.615~0.964)。通过地累积指数法评价表明,西南涌流域底泥中的Cd为偏重污染,Cu、Zn为偏中度污染,Pb为轻度污染,Cr为无污染;潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,西南涌流域底泥重金属的潜在生态危害程度总体属中等,主要是由Cd的含量过高引起。     

大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁的原子吸收光谱法测定

研究了大气降尘中铅、锌、铜、铁等金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定方法,用氢氟酸消解法对降尘进行预处理,并对方法的精密度、准确度进行了检验,结果较为满意.该法简便、快速、灵敏.     

贵州开阳磷矿开采对洋水河水体重金属污染与评价

开阳磷矿大规模采选矿活动对洋水河造成一定程度的重金属污染,为了解其污染状况,分析了洋水河水体中重金属Cd、U、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn和类金属As等7种元素的含量,探讨其分布特征,并用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对沉积物中重金属污染程度及潜在生态危害进行了综合评价。结果表明,洋水河河水中重金属的浓度均低于中国地表水环境质量V类水质标准,沉积物中Cd、As和Zn的平均含量为1.27、50.28、151μg/g,分别高于贵州省土壤背景值6.05、3.14、2.26倍,高于中国水系沉积物背景值约9.07、5.53、2.89倍,其余元素均低于或接近贵州省土壤背景值和中国水系沉积物背景值,洋水河沉积物已不同程度受到Cd、As和Zn的污染;地累积指数评价结果表明,沉积物中Cd为中度污染,As属于轻度污染,其余元素均为无污染或轻度污染;潜在生态危害指数评价结果表明,单个重金属元素Cd的生态危害指数最大,其次是As,其余4种重金属均属于轻微生态风险,危害性小,综合潜在生态风险指数表明沉积物中重金属达到中等以上风险水平。     

白银市工业污染源重金属排放特征分析

以甘肃省白银市为例,利用等标污染负荷法和单位产值等标污染负荷法,从污染物种类、时间变化、空间分布、行业排放4个方面,分析了白银市工业污染源重金属的排放特征,重点比较了2000—2010年期间重金属排放特征的变化。结果表明,近11年以来白银市工业污染源重金属等标污染负荷大小排序为砷>铅>镉>汞>六价铬;重金属排放总量呈下降趋势,单位产值重金属排放总量呈显著下降趋势;但是定量趋势分析的结果则显示最近5年仅有砷和镉呈下降趋势,而汞和铅呈现明显上升趋势;2009年重金属等标污染负荷和单位产值等标污染负荷最大的行政区和流域分别为白银区和白银市东大沟流域;污染负荷和单位产值污染负荷最大的行业均为金属制品业。因此,白银市应将白银区东大沟流域沿线的金属制品业行业,特别是白银公司的重金属污染作为环境整治的重点。     

江苏省不锈钢产业集聚区土壤重金属污染评价与分析

随着不锈钢产业的发展,其生产加工过程中产生的含重金属的废水、废气及固体废弃物对周围土壤及地表水环境的影响也日益显现。选择江苏省不锈钢产业集聚区内溱东镇土壤为研究对象,对区域内63个采样点进行分析,发现区域内土壤中Cr、Zn、Cd、Pb质量分数平均值均未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的二级标准要求,重金属污染程度由大到小的顺序为:CdNiCrMnZnPb,并且通过SPSS13.0统计软件对分析数据进行相关性分析,数据表明,土壤中重金属Cr、Fe、Cd、Ni、Mn来自不锈钢产业的可能性较大。     

Heavy metal pollution in surface soils of Pearl River Delta,China

Heavy metal pollution is an increasing environmental problem in Chinese regions undergoing rapid economic and industrial development, such as the Pearl River Delta (PRD), southern China. We determined heavy metal concentrations in surface soils from the PRD. The soils were polluted with heavy metals, as defined by the Chinese soil quality standard grade II criteria. The degree of pollution decreased in the order Cd?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Zn?>?As?>?Cr?>?Hg?>?Pb. The degree of heavy metal pollution by land use decreased in the order waste treatment plants (WP)?>?urban land (UL)?>?manufacturing industries (MI)?>?agricultural land (AL)?>?woodland (WL)?>?water sources (WS). Pollution with some of the metals, including Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, was attributed to the recent rapid development of the electronics and electroplating industries. Cd, Hg, and Pb (especially Cd) pose high potential ecological risks in all of the zones studied. The soils posing significantly high and high potential ecological risks from Cd covered 73.3 % of UL, 50 % of MI and WP land, and 48.5 % of AL. The potential ecological risks from heavy metals by land use decreased in the order UL?>?MI?>?AL?>?WP?>?WL?>?WS. The control of Cd, Hg, and Pb should be prioritized in the PRD, and emissions in wastewater, residue, and gas discharges from the electronics and electroplating industry should be decreased urgently. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should also be decreased.     

Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments

Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a growing concern in most parts of the world, and numerous studies focussed on identifying contaminated sediments by using a range of digestion methods and pollution indices to estimate sediment contamination have been described in the literature. The current work provides a critical review of the more commonly used sediment digestion methods and identifies that weak acid digestion is more likely to provide guidance on elements that are likely to be bioavailable than other traditional methods of digestion. This work also reviews common pollution indices and identifies the Nemerow Pollution Index as the most appropriate method for establishing overall sediment quality. Consequently, a modified Pollution Index that can lead to a more reliable understanding of whole sediment quality is proposed. This modified pollution index is then tested against a number of existing studies and demonstrated to give a reliable and rapid estimate of sediment contamination and quality.     

饶河入鄱阳湖口处沉积物中重金属分布特征及形态研究

为了解饶河入鄱阳湖湖口重金属污染状况,在鄱阳湖饶河入湖段设置了3个采样点,用原子吸收分光光度计对沉积物进行了重金属Cu、Pb、Zn的测定,分析了这3种元素在各采样点的形态分布特征.结果表明:饶河人鄱阳湖口处沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn的污染较为严重,呈现出复合污染的趋势.该区域沉积物中3种元素的分布受水流的影响较大,其形态...     

Trace metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediments and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) from Jiaozhou Bay of China

Suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediments and clams were collected at three sites in Jiaozhou Bay to assess the magnitude of trace metal pollution in the area. Metal concentrations in SPM (Cu: 40.11-203; Zn: 118-447; Pb: 50.1-132; Cd: 0.55-4.39; Cr: 147.6-288; Mn: 762-1670 microg/g), sediments (Cu: 17.64-34.26; Zn: 80.79-110; Pb: 24.57-49.59; Cd: 0.099-0.324; Cr: 41.6-88.1; Mn: 343-520 microg/g) and bivalves (Cu: 6.41-19.76; Zn: 35.5-85.5; Pb: 0.31-1.01; Cd: 0.51-0.67; Mn: 27.45-67.6 microg/g) are comparable to those reported for other moderately polluted world environments. SPM showed a less clear pattern. Metal concentrations in sediments displayed a clear geographical trend with values increasing with proximity to major urban centers. The clams (on dry weight) showed a complex pattern due to the variability introduced by age-related factors. Cd showed an apparent reverse industrial trend with higher concentrations in clams collected at distant stations. Zn, Pb and Mn showed no clear geographical pattern, whereas Cu increased in the clams collected in the most industrialized area. In addition, the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. The result indicated that the studied Ruditapes philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay possessed different bioaccumulation capacities for Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, and Cd, Zn had a relatively high assimilation of those metals from sediment particles. A significant relationship with clam age was observed for Zn (positive) and Cu (negative) suggesting different physiological requirements for both metals with age. Trace metal concentrations measured in the tissue of the investigated clam were in the range considered safe by the WHO for human use.     

上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属污染评价

用沉积物富集系数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险评估法对上海市黄浦江表层沉积物重金属含量进行了评价。结果显示,沉积物中Cd、As和Pb含量富集程度较低,Hg和Cu含量富集程度较高;其分布特征为上游段含量相对较轻,到中游段有所上升,至下游段含量又有所下降,整体呈钟型分布,重金属含量分布规律可能与苏州河对黄浦江下游沉积物的影响和黄浦江中游段有工业污染排放输入有关;河口与内陆河流沉积物中重金属含量存在差异性,河口重金属含量明显下降;调查区37.5%的断面Hg含量潜在生态危害为中等;沉积物富集系数法可用来评价重金属累积程度,而潜在生态风险指数则突出对生物有很强毒性的重金属作用。     

上海内环高架沿线灰尘重金属污染分析与评价

对上海市内环高架沿线街道灰尘重金属污染进行了调查,结果表明,与道路交通因素相关的重金属Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn均具有较高的含量水平,分别为上海市土壤背景值的9.3倍,7.5倍,9.0倍和8.8倍。除了重金属Hg以外,其他7种重金属平均含量均表现为浦西段高于浦东段,说明内环高架浦西段相对于浦东段具有较高的重金属积累。而污染指数评价的结果也表明了上述4种重金属的污染程度超过了其他重金属,已经达到了中度污染水平。     

Spatial distribution,temporal variation,and sources of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a century-old nonferrous metal mining and smelting area in China

This study first presents the spatial distribution, temporal variation, and sources of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of a nonferrous metal mine area in China. Unconfined groundwater was polluted by Pb, Zn, As, and Cu, in order, while confined karst water in the mines showed pollution in the following sequence: Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, and As. Pollution by Pb was widespread, while Zn, As, Cu, and Cd were found to be high in the north–central industrial region and to decrease gradually with distance from smelters and tailings. Vertically, more Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd have accumulated in shallow Quaternary groundwater, while more As have migrated into the deeper fracture groundwater in the local discharge area. Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations in groundwater along the riverside diminished owing to reduced wastewater drainage since 1977, while samples in the confluence area were found to have increasing contents of Pb, Zn, As, Cu, and Cd since industrialization began in the 1990s. Sources of heavy metals in groundwater were of anthropogenic origin except for Cr. Pb originated primarily from airborne volatile particulates, wastewater, and waste residues and deposited continuously, while Zn, Cd, and Cu were derived from the wastewater of smelters and leakage of tailings, which corresponded to the related soil and surface residue researches. Elevated As values around factories might be the result of chemical reactions. Flow patterns in different hydrogeological units and adsorption capability of from Quaternary sediments restricted their cross-border diffusion.     

湘江(株洲段)沉积物重金属污染现状及生态风险评价

采集湘江(株洲段)9个断面的底泥样品,和1个柱状样品,对重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Cr、Hg、As)含量进行了检测;并运用地质积累指数法对底泥中重金属进行了生态风险评价.结果表明,该江段底泥已受到较严重的重金属污染,在霞湾断面达峰值.Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量为湘江背景值4.6倍~58.8倍,比该江段20世...