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1.
简要介绍美国环保局颁布的两种色质联用(GC/MS)分析方法,综述了两种方法在监测分析有机污染物方面取得的一些重要成果。这些成果包括多氯联苯(PCBs)、农药、PCD、PCF、多环芳烃(PAHs)、酚类以及土壤、污油、化学危险品、生物等样品中多组分有机污染物的分析。  相似文献   

2.
地表水COD浓度灰色预测的GPPM(1)模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王国平 《干旱环境监测》2000,14(1):39-42,49
根据地表水中COD浓度的时序数据,建立了GPPM(1)预测模型,结果表明GPPM(1)模型的预测精度优于常规灰色GM(1,1)模型,它为环境系统的拟合,预测和决策提供了新的方法途径。  相似文献   

3.
钻井污水化学需氧量的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对石油工业钻井污水高化学需氧量(COD)严重超标的状况,对钻井污水的化学需氧量进行研究。分折测定了8种钻井液添加剂(PAN、PAMI、HPAN、柴油、磺化沥青、XY27、CMC、FA367)的COD;重点探讨了钻井液添加剂对钻井污水COD的影响,同时对钻井污水COD处理效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,不同钻井液添加剂对钻井污水的COD的影响程度各不相同;钻井污水中COD值严重超标的主要因素是钻井液添加剂;并且钻井液添加剂浓度与其对应的COD之间存在良好的一元线性关系。根据一元线性回归方程可较好地预测油田现场各钻井液添加剂对COD的影响,为解决钻井污水处理这一难题提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
本文介绍了用毛细管柱气相色谱法定量测定给水中三卤甲烷(氯仿、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷和溴仿)及四氯化碳的方法。其色谱条件是:检测器(ECD)温度:345℃;色谱柱:HP5(25m×032mm×105μm)柱;进样口温度:250℃。该方法的最小检出下限分别为:氯仿01μg/l、四氯化碳01μg/l、一溴二氯甲烷02μg/l、二溴一氯甲烷02μg/l和溴仿04μg/l。  相似文献   

5.
气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联机分析工业废水中的有机物   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要介绍了美国EPA600系列分析方法中有关气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联机分析方法和系统分析方法,综述了气相色谱/质谱联机系统在监测分析工业废水及城市排水中有机污染物方面取得的一些重要成果。这些成果包括酚类、有机硫化合物、有机酸、有机磷农药、苯系物、多组分有机污染物的分析测定。  相似文献   

6.
合成了二安替匹林—(2,4—二氯)苯基甲烷(DADCM)。研究了在H3PO4介质中,在Mn(Ⅱ)和吐温20存在下,Cr(Ⅵ)与DADCM的显色反应。该反应产物为橙红色化合物,λ(max)=490nm,ε为1.08×105。Cr(Ⅵ)量在0~10(μg/25ml)符合比耳定律。方法有较好选择性,体系可稳定24h。用于水和废水中微量Cr(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

7.
应用气相色谱(GC)Ni63电子捕获检测器(ECD),在6201红色担体为基体,涂10%OV-101固定液的玻璃柱上,以甲苯作吸收液,对大气环境中微量二硫化碳能够进行定量检测,其最低检出浓度可达6×10-6mg/ml(进液体样品1μl);方法精密度为3.4%,SO2、H2S气体物质不干扰测定。经现场实际环境样品测试,此方法能够适用于大气环境中微量CS2的分析工作,为大气环境监测微量CS2的分析建立了一个比较合适的方法。  相似文献   

8.
HPLC- RF法快速测定水中苯并(a)芘   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
利用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC),将样品中苯并(a)芘与其他有机物分离,并同荧光分光光度计(RF)的微流动池相联,作荧光测定,组成了HPLC-RF不检测。该方法相地标准差为4.5~7.2%,回收率为86.5%~93.5%,检测限为0.0009μg/L。  相似文献   

9.
水中微量五氯酚的气相色谱法测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
提出GC-FCD分析方法测定水中微量五氯酚残留量。水样经萃取分离、衍生后,采用石油醚提取醋酸五氯酚酯,然后进入色谱柱,柱内填充2%OV-17+2%QF-1/ChromosorbW-HP(80~100目),柱温200℃,N_2流量80mL/min,五氯酚酯3min内出峰,最低检测浓度为0.1μg/L,各种样品回收率均在90%以上,样品测试结果满意,可用于多种水体中微量PCP残留量的测定。  相似文献   

10.
水中酚类化合物的高效液相色谱分离与测定   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用国产GDX502树脂,在酸性(pH=2)条件下,富集水和废水中的酚,然后用碳酸氢钠溶液淋洗树脂去除有机酸,最后用乙腈洗脱,液相色谱仪分离测定了美国环境保护局(EPA)要求的11种酚,其中包括我国优先监测有毒有害有机污染物黑名单中的6种酚。各组分的加标回收率大于85%,变异系数小于15%。当富集水样的体积为1000ml时,各组分的最低检测浓度可达04~11μg/L。  相似文献   

11.
气溶胶PM2.5中内分泌干扰物酞酸酯类的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过选择17种酞酸脂的目标化合物的特征离子对PM2.5样品进行特征离子的扫描,有效建立了高灵敏度的PM2.5酞酸脂类(PAE)的GC-MS-SIM的测定方法;检出限均达到了ng级的水平。气溶胶PM2.5中酞酸脂类(PAE)的污染特征:清洁对照点以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为主;二类区以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)占主导成分。  相似文献   

12.
江苏某县地下水邻苯二甲酸酯类的检测与风险评价   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
在江苏某癌症高发区对地下水进行布点,采用固相萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用方法测定深层地下水和浅层地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)的浓度。检测结果表明,地下水中PAEs污染程度较严重,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)均有超标现象,其中,丰水期深层地下水和枯水期浅层地下水中DBP超标率达到100%,最大超标10.7倍。PAEs总质量浓度均值为10 034.56~14 872.91 ng/L,丰水期总浓度均值大于枯水期,浅层地下水的总浓度均值大于深层地下水。采用优化的USEPA风险评价模型,对PAEs进行人体健康风险评价,评价结果表明,该地区52.5% 地下水的PAEs总致癌风险超过10-6的水质监控值,总非致癌风险在可接受范围内。  相似文献   

13.
Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The problem of pollution by phthalates is of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, toxicity and endocrine disruption properties. The contamination by phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in 23 arable soils throughout China was investigated to evaluate the present pollution situation. The survey results demonstrated that phthalates were ubiquitous pollutants in soils in China. The total concentrations of phthalates differed from one location to another, and ranged from 0.89 to 10.03 mg kg(-1) with a median concentration of 3.43 mg kg(-1). Among the phthalates, DEHP was dominant and detected in all 23 soils. DEP and DBP were also in abundance, and DMP was rarely detected. Similar contamination patterns were observed in all 23 soils. A distinct feature of phthalate pollution in China was that the average concentration in northern China was higher than that in southern China. In addition, a close relationship was observed between the concentration of phthalates in soils and the consumption of agricultural film. The correlation showed that the application of agriculture film might be a significant pollution source of phthalates in arable soils of China. The potential risk of phthalates in soils was assessed on the basis of current guide values and limits.  相似文献   

14.
采用一维土柱下渗实验和垂向入渗模型相结合的方式,研究垃圾渗滤液中邻苯二甲酸二乙基己基酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)在土壤中的垂向迁移演化规律。结果表明:原状土和混有石英砂土的土柱对DBP的吸附能力均强于DEHP,而混有石英砂的土柱中DEHP、DBP均出现不同程度的穿透现象,且DEHP的穿透速度比DBP要快2倍;做或不做防渗处理,DEHP和DBP渗出量均呈前期快速增长而后期归于稳定的趋势,防渗对DBP效果较DEHP好;垂向入渗模型与一维土柱实验结果一致,该模型可用于其他区域有机污染物在土壤中垂向迁移的研究。  相似文献   

15.
对北京市五个化工厂的废水中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素进行分析和调查研究.在化工废水中普遍检出的邻苯二甲酸酯有邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP),其中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二正丙酯(DPrP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(DAP)和邻苯二甲酸二正己酯(DHP)4种物质未检出.废水中DEHP和DBP的浓度均低于排放标准.  相似文献   

16.
Atmospheric trace phthalic esters (PAEs) carried by total suspended particulates were systematically investigated. A total of 450 air samples were collected at six typical locations and three specific micro-environmental sites (a stadium with a new plastic track, new cars, and a farming greenhouse with plastic film) in Nanjing metropolitan area of China from April 2009 to January 2010. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The dominant PAEs are dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were found in the atmosphere of Nanjing. The average concentrations of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 10.5?±?1.2, 62.3?±?4.5, and 33.3?±?2.5?ng?m(-3), respectively, constituting 9.9%, 58.7%, and 31.4% of total PAEs (106?±?8.2?ng?m(-3)). (2) The dynamic variations of atmospheric PAEs in the three specific micro-environmental sites showed that the PAE concentrations in the stadium with a new plastic track reduced to normal after 1?month remediation, while new cars need 6?months to remove their effect. The levels of PAEs in a farming greenhouse with plastic film were relatively high, but little PAEs accumulated in vegetables. (3) The vertical profiles from 1.5 to 40?m above ground display some fluctuations in PAE concentration, but no significant height dependence. This information will make a valuable contribution to the examination of the influence of atmospheric PAEs on the environment and human health.  相似文献   

17.
The removal capacity of different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) technologies adopted in rural areas for phthalate was investigated in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Wastewater samples collected from three selected WWTPs which use activated sludge (AS), trickling filter (TF), and oxidation pond (OP) technology were extracted using the solid-phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The six selected phthalate esters (PAEs) dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) were detected in all the samples collected from the WWTPs. DBP was the most abundant compound in the influent, effluent, and sludge samples with a maximum detection of 2497 μgL?1, 24.2 μgL?1, and 1249 μg/g dW, respectively, followed by DEHP and BBP. There was a relatively high removal capacity achieved by AS in Alice, TF in Berlin, and OP in Bedford with a removal efficiency that varied between 77 and 99%, 76 and 98%, and 61 and 98%, respectively. A high significant correlation of PAE removal with total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity suggests that the removal performance proceeded more through adsorption on settling particles and sludge than on biodegradation. However, the concentrations of PAEs detected in the final effluent and sludge samples exceeded acceptable levels allowed internationally for a safe aquatic environment. AS may have exhibited a more stable and better performance across the different seasons; however, pollution source control still deserves a special attention to prevent the risk posed by these micropollutants.  相似文献   

18.
The detection and quantification of four phthalate esters??dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)??in water, sediment, and some fish species were carried out using flame ionization gas chromatography. The samples were collected from the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos. The DMP was not detected in the water and fish samples but was detected in sediments collected from four of the six sampling sites. The concentration of DEP, DBP, and DEHP in the fish species ranged from 320.0?C810.0, 380.0?C1,080.0, and 40.0?C150.0 ??g/kg in Tilapia sp.; 310.0?C860.0, 400.0?C1,170.0, and 40.0?C110.0 ??g/kg in Chrysichthys sp.; and 320.0?C810.0, 400.0?C3,970.0, and 30.0?C300.0 ??g/kg (DEHP) in Synodontis sp., respectively. The differences in fish phthalate levels are not statistically significant at p?<?0.05, an indication that phthalate esters accumulation is not fish species dependent. The DEP, DBP, and DEHP values recorded are considerably higher than the maximum allowed concentrations for drinking water prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The phthalate pollution index and biosediment accumulation factor values were also calculated.  相似文献   

19.
The removal of the organic toxic chemicals di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) by laccase obtained from the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of the white rot fungi, Ganoderma lucidum, was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of laccase from SMC required using sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, solid : solution ratio 1 : 5), and extraction over 3 h at 4 °C. The removal of NP was enhanced by adding CuSO(4) (1 mM), MnSO(4) (0.5 mM), tartaric acid (20 mM), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 1 mM), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; 20 mg L(-1)), with ABTS yielding a higher NP removal efficiency than the other additives. At a concentration of 2 mg L(-1), DBP, DEHP, NP, and BPA were almost entirely removed by laccase after incubation for 1 day. The removal efficiencies, in descending order of magnitude, were DBP > BPA > NP > DEHP. We believe that these findings could provide useful information for improving the efficiency of the removal of organic toxic chemicals in the environment.  相似文献   

20.
Screening-level ecological risk assessments of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) for aquatic organisms in Japan were conducted using estimated statistical values based on surface water and sediment monitoring data and effect threshold values based on a large aquatic toxicity database. An alternative method is proposed to handle monitoring data that contain nondetects including multiple detection limits and to determine the statistical values of DEHP concentrations in Japanese surface waters. The No-Observed-Effect-Concentration (NOECwater) of DEHP for aquatic life of 77 μ g/L was determined giving equal importance to both physical effects probably caused by undissolved DEHP and to the intrinsic toxicity potentially caused by DEHP. The NOECsediment of 615,000 μg/kg was determined by the Equilibrium Partitioning (EqP) theory, conservatively assuming a threshold effect level in the water column as the water solubility of 3 μ g/L. The potential risks of DEHP in Japanese water environments were characterized simply by comparing the margin of exposure (MOE) with a specified uncertainty multiplier (UM). The MOE is expressed as the ratio of NOECwater or NOECsediment to the expected environmental concentrations such as the 95th percentiles of the estimated DEHP concentration distributions for surface water or sediment. The results of risk characterization show that all MOE values calculated using the statistical values of DEHP concentrations in Japanese surface waters and sediments are above 10, indicating minimal risk. Although the DEHP concentrations of some surface water samples showed MOE values of less than 10, considering environmental chemistry such as bioavailable fractions and the form of existence of DEHP in a water environment, we conclude that the current levels of DEHP are of little concern to aquatic life in the majority of Japanese surface waters and sediments.  相似文献   

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