两性磁化炭添加比例对河流沿岸土吸附Cu2+的影响

将两性(十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱)修饰磁化炭分别以质量分数0、1％和2％加入嘉陵江流域(川渝段)内苍溪(CX)、南部(NB)、嘉陵(JL)和合川(HC)沿岸土中,考察各混合土样对Cu2+的等温吸附和热力学特征.结果表明:混合土样对Cu2+的最大吸附量为58.36 mmol/kg～366.85 mmol/kg,添加等量两性磁...     

改良河岸带土壤对Cu2+吸附的环境影响机制

通过添加质量比1％的生物炭(空心莲子草制备)、生物炭负载两性黏土两种材料改良川东北地区嘉陵江、渠江和涪江沿岸土壤,探索环境因素对改良土壤吸附Cu2+的影响.结果表明:当各改良河岸土样pH值为5、离子强度为0.05 mol/L、温度40℃时对Cu2+的吸附量达到最高,最大吸附量(qm)为85.38 mmol/kg～257...     

多波长K系数方程法同时测定水样中的Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cd~(2+)

多波长Ｋ系数方程法同时测定水样中Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋,即选定三个测定波长,分别将三组分在两个波长处的吸光度转换为另一波长处的吸光度,即可列出一个多元一次方程组,进而解出此波长处各组分的吸光度,求得各组分的含量。对水样中的Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｏ２＋、Ｃｄ２＋三组分同时测定,结果令人满意。     

两性修饰红薯渣对紫色土吸附Cu2+的影响

采用十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱对红薯渣（R）做两性修饰,修饰比例分别为0、100%和200%,将得到的3种两性修饰红薯渣（R、100BS-R和200BS-R）以1%质量分数加入紫色土（PS）中,制成PS（对照）、PSR、PS100BS-R和PS200BS-R 4种混合土样。用批量处理法探究各供试土样对Cu2+的吸附等温特征,并考察温度、pH值和离子浓度对Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明：各混合土样对Cu2+的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为99.46 mmol/kg~136.53 mmol/kg,Cu2+吸附量呈现PS200BS-R>PS100BS-R>PSR>PS的趋势。温度和pH值升高均有利于Cu2+被吸附,当离子浓度为01 mol/L时吸附效果最佳。     

新型生态渠道材料对水中Cu2+吸附行为研究

用阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）对钙基膨润土（Bent）进行插层改性制得改性钙基膨润土（PB）,作为一种新型生态渠道材料,分析其改性前后对水中Cu²⁺的吸附热力学和动力学特征。结果表明：PB对Cu²⁺的吸附性能强于Bent,在25℃时最优吸附条件为pH值为4且投加量为2 g/L;吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,动力学符合准二阶动力学模型,最大平衡吸附量为11.4 mg/g,吸附过程以多层吸附为主,主要由化学吸附为驱动。     

水中Mg~(2+)的测试管快速测定

研制了一种测定水中Mg2 + 的测试管 ,测定范围为 0 .5mg/L～ 2 .0mg/L。该测试管适用于现场应急监测 ,具有快速、简便、抗干扰能力强和价格低廉等特点     

掺杂生物膜组分对黄河乌海段表层沉积物吸附Cd~(2+)的影响研究

以生物膜主要组分水铁矿和腐殖酸作为掺杂吸附剂,分析了掺杂前后黄河乌海段表层沉积物对重金属Cd2+的吸附特性,探讨了吸附时间、Cd2+初始浓度和pH对沉积物吸附Cd2+的影响,对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行了拟合并计算了分配系数。结果表明:腐殖酸和水铁矿掺杂比例的提高增强了沉积物对Cd2+的吸附能力;掺杂生物膜主要组分对黄河乌海段水体Cd2+的吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附曲线(R2≥0.99,p≤0.02,n=7);掺杂腐殖酸和水铁矿后沉积物对Cd2+的分配系数分别为:6.2959和2.7110,二者均高于未掺杂沉积物对Cd2+的分配系数(0.8626),说明掺杂腐殖酸的吸附效果优于掺杂水铁矿的吸附效果;另外,溶液pH对沉积物吸附Cd2+影响显著。     

酸改性污泥基复合陶粒对Pb2+的吸附性能研究

以污泥、磷尾矿和赤泥为原料制备陶粒,用盐酸、硝酸和柠檬酸进行改性,研究陶粒对水中Pb2+的吸附效果,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、表面基团、零电荷点(pHPZC)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析陶粒对Pb2+的吸附机理.结果表明,低浓度盐酸或硝酸改性陶粒对Pb2+的去除率更好,柠檬酸改性陶粒对Pb2+的去除率低于未改性陶粒.酸改性陶粒具有比表面积大、孔隙结构发达、酸性基团含量多、等电点低等特点,对Pb2+的吸附同时存在物理吸附和化学吸附过程,可用作含Pb2+废水的处理材料.     

壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附动力学和热力学研究

论文通过研究壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为,分析了其吸附热力学和动力学特性,初步探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,在研究的浓度范围内,壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程;不同温度下,壳聚糖吸附Sb(III)的吸附焓变ΔH、自由能变ΔG和吸附熵变ΔS均为负值,表明吸附是一个自发、放热的过程,降低温度有利于吸附的进行;壳聚糖对Sb(III)的吸附行为可用Langmuir单分子层吸附机理解释,且求得吸附表观活化能38.36kJ/mol和Lagergren一级速率常数0.80h-     

不同暴露时间下Zn~(2+)和Cd~(2+)对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长的毒性影响

采用群体累积培养方法,考察不同亚致死浓度水平的Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)在不同暴露时间下对萼花臂尾轮虫3 d种群增长率的影响。结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,各处理组对轮虫种群增长的抑制作用在增加。Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)在中、低浓度处理组及短的暴露时间条件下表现为拮抗效应,而在高浓度处理组中表现为协同效应,且随着暴露时间的增加,协同作用效应在增加。     

Effect of temperature on single and competitive adsorptions of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto natural clays

This study conducted a combined adsorption-sequential extractionanalysis (CASA), by which five phases (i.e., exchangeable, carbonate, Mn-Oxide, organic, and Fe-Oxide phases) of adsorbed heavy metals were analyzed, to investigate temperature effects on single and competitive adsorptions of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ontonatural clays. In the case of single adsorption of Zn, the exchangeable phase adsorption decreased from 65 to 40%, but thecarbonate phase adsorption increased from 30 to 40%, with an increase in temperature from 15 to 55 °C. However, in itscompetitive adsorption with Cu, Zn was mostly present in the exchangeable phase (over 90%), and with an increase in temperature, the exchangeable phase adsorption decreased only 10%. In the case of Cu, over 50% among the total amount of adsorption was present in the carbonate phase in both cases ofsingle and competitive adsorptions. The carbonate phaseadsorption of Cu increased from 56 to 61% and from 60 to 66% in single and competitive adsorptions, respectively, with atemperature increase. These results show that in the case of Zn,the major mechanism of retention in natural clay soils might beexchangeable phase adsorption, especially in the case of competitive adsorption with Cu. However, in the case of Cu, the major mechanism might be carbonate phase adsorption, which is known to be a more immobile phase than exchangeable phase adsorption. It seems that the adsorption of Zn and Cu onto natural clays is an endothermic reaction, which represents thatthe adsorption equilibrium constants and capacities increase with a temperature increase, with the exception of exchangeablephase adsorption.     

Effects of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ on voltage-activated currents in Helix pomatia L. Neurons

Effects of Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were studied on voltage-activated Na-, Ca-, and K-currents in snail neurons. It was found that: 1. In normal physiological saline Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions exerted complex changes on the total ionic currents; 2. All three metal ion have depressed the inward Na-currents but with different K _D , moreover Pb ²⁺ increased Na-current at low concentrations (5 M); 3. The inward Ca-current was also reduced. The sequence of the blocking effect of metals was different: Pb>Cu>Zn, however the steady-state inactivation was influenced only by Cu²⁺; 4. Outward currents were decreased in all neurons by Cu²⁺, but the effects of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were either depression or enhancement in different indentified neurons; 5. The possibility of binding heavy metals to wide variety of membrane proteins and the observed effects on different ionic channels suggest that the metal effect is complex and cannot be taken as a specific one to a single channel type or site of location.     

北疆部分区域土壤pH、可溶性总盐及有机质含量调查

对北疆4个区域土壤的pH、可溶性总盐及有机质含量状况进行了调查和评价。监测结果表明,调查区的pH为7.20-10.58,多属于碱性至强碱性土壤;可溶性总盐量为0.012％。12.834％,多属于中度盐渍化土壤;土壤表层有机质含量为0.16％-21.09％,1-6级土壤均含有机质,总体水平相对较低,但山区土壤中有机质含量较高。部分农田存在土壤次生盐渍化重、肥力低的问题。古尔班通古特沙漠中的风沙土等具有盐渍化轻、肥力低的特点。     

重金属离子Pb2+在石油污染土壤中的吸附作用

对比研究了3种土壤(新疆砂土、粘土和东北黑土)及其被石油不同程度污染后对水中重金属离子Pb^2 的吸附作用。结果表明,3种原土壤及油污土壤对Pb^2 的吸附均符合Langmuir等温式;原土壤上Pb^2 的饱和吸附量为黑土＞＞粘土＞砂土;在一定范围内,砂土、粘土中石油的存在对其吸附重金属离子Pb^2 的能力影响较小,而黑土对Pb^2 的吸附能力则随所含石油量的增大而迅速减少。     

Preconcentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions from food and vegetable samples using modified activated carbon

In this work, two N/S-containing chelating agents 2-(4-methoxybenzylideneamino)thiophenol (2-4-MBAT) and 2-(4-chlorobenzylideneamino) benzenethiol (2-4-CBABT) were synthesized as new sorbents and were used for preconcentration of Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) ions in food and vegetable samples. In the proposed procedure, the trace amount of Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) ions from 250?mL of sample solution at pH?=?5.0 was preconcentrated by 1?g of activated carbon (AC) loaded with 15?mg of 2-4-MBAT and 2-4-CBABT separately. The breakthrough volumes (maximum sample volume that their metal ions quantitatively can be enriched) for solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure based on the AC modified with 2-4-MBAT and 2-4-CBABT were 800 and 750?mL, respectively. The sorbed Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) ions were efficiently eluted by 8?mL of 4?mol?L(-1) HNO(3) and preconcentration factor of 112.5 and 93.7 and experimental enhancement factor of 30 and 35 ions were obtained for Zn(2+) and Cu(2+), respectively. The application of this enrichment procedure allowed the extraction of trace metal ions with recoveries exceeding of 90%.     

地表水中Cr6+测定过程的改进

介绍了地表水监测分析中对Cr6 测定方法的改进,通过活性炭吸附预处理后的水样消除水样中色度的干扰,并对活性炭的用量进行了分析,确定了活性炭的用量,以及对显色剂的改进.对基层监测站Cr6 测定有实际意义.     

对柴西洼地地下水中NO_2~-、NH_4~+成因的探讨

本文探讨了乌鲁木齐市东南郊柴窝堡盆地西部洼地地下水中NO_2~-、NH_4~+的成因,偏高机理.作者提出水资源利用的意见.     

Impact of Zn and Cu on the development of phenanthrene catabolism in soil

Mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals are of major concern in contaminated soil. Biodegradation of PAHs in metal-contaminated soils is complicated because metals are toxic and cannot be degraded by biological processes. This investigation considered the effects of Zn and Cu (50, 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) on ¹⁴C-phenanthrene biodegradation in soil over 60-day contact time. The presence of Zn at all concentrations and low concentrations of Cu (50 and 100 mg/kg) had no significant effect (p?>?0.05) on the development of phenanthrene catabolism; however, at higher Cu concentrations, the development of phenanthrene catabolism and bacterial cell numbers were significantly reduced (p?<?0.05). This suggests that Cu is more toxic than Zn to soil microbial PAH catabolic activity. Metal/PAH-contaminated soils represent one of the most difficult remedial challenges and insights into PAH biodegradation in the presence of metals is necessary in order to assess the potential for bioremediation.