悬浮液直接进样石墨炉原子吸收法测定湖泊底泥中的铅

试验了悬浮液直接进样平台石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定湖泊底泥中的铅。方法特征灵敏度为2 1× 10 -11g/ 0 0 0 44 (A·s) ,检测限 (3σ)为 2 5× 10 -11g ,相对标准差 (n =6 )小于 4% ,加标回收率在 90 %～ 110 %之间     

气相色谱法同时测定指甲油中的苯系物和邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立指甲油中苯系物、邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP,DNOP)多种有毒有害成分同时检测技术: 用毛细管柱气相色谱分离,外标法定量,苯系物的线性范围为1×10^-2~100μg,邻苯二甲酸酯类为5×10^-2~20μg;苯系物的回收率为90%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.13%~0.92%;邻苯二甲酸酯类的回收率为92%~109%,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.44%~2.54%。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度好。     

大气中IP与TSP浓度及其组份Pb和Ca浓度分布的探讨

用KC—8301可吸入颗粒物采样器所采集的可吸入颗粒物(IP)和用CYQ—60型大流量采样器所采集的总悬浮性颗粒物(TSP)在浓度分布上的比(IP/TSP)为73.3％。铅、镉在其中的含量无显著性差异,95％以上存在于IP中。 IP和TSP之间在浓度及其铅、镉含量上呈高度正相关。回归方程为Y=0.9043x-0.0846,Y=0.9853x-4.8×10~(-5),Y=0.9349x-3.571×10~(-7),根据回归方程可对以往大流量所测得数据推算出可吸入颗粒物数据。     

GC-MS法测定多种有机磷农药残留

以HP-35MS色谱柱代替传统的HP-5MS色谱柱,试验了蔬菜、水果中多种有机磷农药残留的气-质联用快速检测方法。采用选择离子扫描(SIM)模式,根据保留时间和特征离子丰度比,可在40 m in内定性和定量检测30种有机磷农药残留。通过对蔬菜、水果等样品多次试验验证,添加量为0.01μg~1.00μg时,回收率在79.5%~106%之间,相对标准偏差<10%,检出限为6.6×10-10g~8.7×10-9g,均比使用HP-5MS色谱柱有所改善。     

反相流动注射化学发光法测定天然水中钴

本文采用反相流动注射新技术和ABEI——H_2O_2——CO(Ⅱ)化学发光体系,测定了天然水中痕量钴.该分析方法的线性范围为5×10~(-11)g/ml——1×10~(-7)g/ml,检出限为1×10~(-11)g/ml.对5×10~(-10)g/mlCO(Ⅲ)的13次测定,其相对标准偏差为1.2%.分析速度为90样/小时.     

高灵敏显色反应体系分光光度法测定痕量镉

利用镉(Ⅱ)-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B-PVA高灵敏显色体系分光光度法测定了水样及发样中的痕量镉,含量在0～1.5(μg/25ml)范围内符合比耳定律。表观摩尔吸光系数为1.14×10~6L·mol~(-1)·Cm~(-1)。     

利用自动采样滤膜监测PM_(2.5)中铅和镉的可行性

根据PM2.5中重金属监测国标分析方法,从PM2.5采样方法、采样保存条件、滤膜材质性能等方面说明利用空气自动采样滤膜监测PM2.5中铅和镉是可行的;对手工采样(石英滤膜)和Beta射线法自动采样(自动采样滤膜)2种方法,对PM2.5实际样品中铅和镉的结果进行比较,结果显示:自动采样滤膜的空白检出和检出限均满足铅和镉的监测需求,铅和镉的回收率分别为95.2%~107%和91.8%~105%,与手工采样方法相比测得铅和镉的相对误差分别为3.6%~8.4%和1.3%~10.8%,从实践角度进一步证明了利用自动采样滤膜对PM2.5中铅和镉进行监测是可行的。     

反向流动注射化学发光测定微量甲醛

基于在甲醛存在下 ,高锰酸钾与Fe(Ⅱ )在酸性介质中发生化学发光反应 ,建立了反向流动注射化学发光测定微量的甲醛分析方法 ,该法测定甲醛的线性范围为 5 0× 10 - 7～ 1 5× 10 - 2 g ml,检出限为 3 0× 10 - 7g ml,相对标准偏差为2 5 % (1 5× 10 - 5g ml甲醛 ,n =11)。该法应用于测定空气中微量的甲醛 ,结果令人满意。     

浊点萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定水和花粉中痕量铜、铅、镉

以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,依据Triton X-114的浊点现象分离沉淀,沉淀在浓盐酸作用下溶解,用原子吸收光谱法测定样品中痕量铜、铅、镉。通过试验优化测定条件,使该方法在0 mg/L~6.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,3种元素的方法检出限分别为0.028μg/L、0.006μg/L、0.028μg/L。将该方法用于水样、花粉中痕量铜、铅、镉的测定,RSD为2.8%~7.9%,加标回收率为92.0%~106%。     

反相流动注射—ABEI发光体系测定天然水中痕量钴

本文采用反相流动注射新技术和ABEI-H_2O_2-C_(o(Ⅱ))化学发光体系,测定了天然水中痕量钴.该方法线性范围为5×10~(-11)-1×10~(-7)g/ml,检出限为1×10~(-11)g/ml,对5×10~(-10)g/ml C_(o(Ⅱ))13次测定,相对标准偏差为1.2％.分析速度为90样/小时.     

砷化氢-钼蓝光度法测定环境样品中砷

介绍了用砷化氢 -钼蓝光度法测定水质、土壤和沉积物样品中砷 ,对测定条件中的砷化氢反应时间、显色酸度、碘 -碘化钾溶液用量、钼酸铵用量和干扰物质等进行了试验。方法检测限为 7μg/L ,平均回收率在 97%～ 10 5 %之间 ,相对标准差为 2 5 % ,摩尔吸收系数为 2 4× 10 4 。     

Study of seasonal variations and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake,Pakistan

This study was carried out to find out the comparative distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb) in various tissues (muscles, gills, liver, stomach and intestine) of Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake, Pakistan, during summer and winter. Relatively higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn were found in the stomach samples, while the highest Pb and Zn levels were noted in muscle and intestine samples, respectively. Correlation study exhibited diverse relationships among the metals in various tissues. Generally, the metal concentrations found during the summer were comparatively higher than the winter. Potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks related to the metals in C. carpio were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency approved cancer risk assessment guidelines. The calculated daily and weekly intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr and Co through the fish consumption were significantly higher than the permissible limits. In relation to the non-carcinogenic risks to human, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co and Zn levels were higher than the safe limits; however, carcinogenic risks related to Cr (3.9?×?10^?3 during summer and 1.1?×?10^?3 during winter) and Pb (2.6?×?10^?4 during summer and 1.5?×?10^-4 during winter) clearly exceeded the safe limit (1?×?10^?6). Consequently, the consumption of C. carpio from Rawal Lake on regular basis was considered unsafe.     

Tissue distribution of 210Po and 210Pb in select marine species of the coast of Kudankulam, southern coast of Gulf of Mannar, India

Activities of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in various tissues of four species of decapod crabs and two species of cephalopod mollusks (cuttlefishes) of Kudankulam coast were studied. A non-uniform distribution of these radionuclides was observed between the organs. Of all the tissues, ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb were found accumulated more in the hepatopancreas and intestine of crabs and in the digestive gland, shell gland, and intestine of cephalopods. Among crabs, Charybdis lucifera registered a little higher ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb activities. The cephalopod species Loligo duvauceli displayed higher ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb in some organs when compared to Sepia pharaonis. The muscle of all the species registered lower activity. In cephalopods, the activity ratio of ²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb fell within the range of 1?C2 for most of the organs, and in crab tissues, it varied from 1.7 to 31.4. The biological concentration factor for organs of cephalopods ranged from 1.2 ×10³ to 4.3 ×10⁵ for ²¹⁰Po and 4.8 ×10² to 8.4 ×10⁴ for ²¹⁰Pb and for organs of crabs it varied between 2.0 ×10⁴ and 1.9 ×10⁶ for ²¹⁰Po and 9.2 ×10² and 2.4 ×10⁴ for ²¹⁰Pb. The study revealed that the organs associated with digestion and metabolism displayed a higher activity concentration than the other tissues. A significant variation in the accumulation of ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb was noted between species (P?<?0.05). The activity levels recorded are in agreement with values recorded in related organisms in other parts of the world. The data generated will act as a reference database for these organisms of this coast in which a nuclear power station is under construction.     

Health risk assessment of heavy metal intake due to fish consumption in the Sistan region,Iran

The heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) content of a fish species consumed by the Sistan population and its associated health risk factors were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were slightly higher than the standard levels. The Ni content of fish was below the maximum guideline proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The average estimated weekly intake was significantly below the provisional tolerable intake based on the FAO and WHO standards for all studied metals. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of all metals were below 1, showing an absence of health hazard for the population of Sistan. The combined target hazard quotient for the considered metals was 26.94 × 10^?3. The cancer risk factor for Pb (1.57 × 10^?7) was below the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10^?5). The results of this study reveal an almost safe level of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni contents in the fish consumed by the Sistan population.

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宜兴市臭氧和挥发性有机物的浓度特征研究

于2016年对宜兴市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)和臭氧(O_3)的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,宜兴市O3年均值为62.92μg/m~3,其中冬季值最低(31.19μg/m~3),夏季值最高(94.96μg/m~3)。φ(VOCs)为(11.00~42.45)×10~(-9),其中丙酮(12.7%)、乙酸乙酯(8.8%)和丙烯(3.3%)等在VOCs中占比位于前3位。各站点φ(甲苯)/φ(苯)2,全年的φ(甲苯)/φ(苯)φ(乙苯)/φ(苯)φ(间、对二甲苯)/φ(苯)。指出VOCs主要来源为有机溶剂和道路交通,并受到一定的外来输送影响。各站点φ(VOCs)/φ(NOx)为0.94~2.44,O3处于VOCs敏感区。     

TCLP法对天津市农田重金属生态风险评价

TCLP法是用缓冲剂提取重金属的一种方法,该法评价重金属生态风险在美国已开展多年。利用TCLP法对天津市某农田土壤重金属进行生态风险评价,结果表明,在采集的23个样品中有效态铜、铅、锌、镉的含量范围为1.13~5.26、2.11~5.22、2.60~30.6、1.09×10-3~77.9×10-3mg/kg,普遍低于铜、铅、锌、镉在土壤中的总量(22.1~66.8、21.2~50.6、56.8~445、0.04~0.20 mg/kg)。镉的TCLP有效态与总量的差别最大。锌、铅存在轻微污染,污染率分别为21.7%、4.3%。     

Trace metals in soil and vegetables and associated health risk assessment

The objective of this study was to assess the contamination level of trace metals in soil and vegetables and health risk to the urban population in Bangladesh. The range of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb in agricultural soils was 158–1160, 104–443, 157–519, 41–93, 3.9–13, and 84–574 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction tests revealed that the studied metals were predominantly associated with the residual fraction, followed by the organically bound phase. Concerning Cu, Ni, Cd, and Pb in vegetables, more than 50 % samples exceeded the FAO/WHO recommended permissible limits. Considering the transfer of metals from soil to vegetables, Cu and Cd exhibited higher transfer factor (TF) values than the other metals. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal was below 1, suggesting that people would not experience significant health hazards if they ingest a single metal from vegetables. However, total metal THQ signifies the potential non-carcinogenic health hazard to the highly exposed consumers. The carcinogenic risk (TR) of As (1.9?×?10^?4) and Pb (2.3?×?10^?5) through consumption of vegetables were higher than the USEPA threshold level (10^?6), indicating potential cancer risks.     

Tracing lead pollution sources in abandoned mine areas using stable Pb isotope ratios

This study focused on Pb isotope ratios of sediments in areas around an abandoned mine to determine if the ratios can be used as a source tracer. For pretreatment, sediment samples were dissolved with mixed acids, and a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Nu plasma II) was used to investigate the Pb isotopic composition of the samples. The measured isotope ratios were then corrected for instrumental mass fractionation by measuring the ²⁰³Tl/²⁰⁵Tl ratio. Repeated measurements with the NIST SRM 981 reference material showed that the precision of all ratios was below 104 ppm (±2σ) for 50 ng/g. The isotope ratios (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) found were 0.85073?±?0.0004~0.85373?±?0.0003 for the main stream, while they were 0.83736?±?0.0010 for the tributary and 0.84393?±?0.0002 for the confluence. A binary mixing equation for isotope ratios showed that the contributions of mine lead to neighboring areas were up to 60 %. Therefore, Pb isotope ratios can be a good source tracer for areas around abandoned mines.     

Spatial Variability and Monitoring of Pb Contamination of Farming Soils Affected by Industry

In this study, the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soils and lead contamination in soil due to emission from industrial operations in Samsun province of Turkey was investigated. The extent of timely contamination was studied by comparing the obtained results with the results of the study conducted in the same region in 1998. An area of 225 km² (15 km × 15 km), which was divided into 1000 × 1000 m grid squares (16 lines in the east and south directions), was selected within the industrial area. The total of 256 grid points was obtained and soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm) of each grid center in 2004. The total Pb concentrations of soil samples were determined as 65.84–527.04 μg g⁻¹ at 0–5 cm in depth, 58.50 – 399.54 μg g⁻¹ at 5–15 cm in depth, and 44.65–330.07 μg g⁻¹ at 15–30 cm in depth. DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations of soils were found to be in the range of 1.52–9.03 μg g⁻¹, 0.54–7.09 μg g⁻¹, 0.19–6.13 μg g⁻¹ at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm depths, respectively. There were significant relationships between both total or DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations and selected physico-chemical properties of soil. According to enrichment factor (EF) values calculated from the total Pb concentrations, 11.3% of the study area (225 km²) was enriched with Pb in high level, but 77% of the area was in significant enrichment level with Pb. The average total and DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations increased as 11 and 13%, respectively in comparison with the results of 1998.     

武江 (乐昌段)水体底泥重金属污染调查

对武江乐昌段由上游矿山废水排泄沟、中游霜降河和下游武江段3段水道底泥中Pb、Zn、Cu进行测定.结果表明,Pb的质量比为2.54×103 mg/kg、1.33×103 mg/kg和30.7 mg/kg,Zn的质量比为1.01×103 mg/kg、2.48×103 mg/kg和156 mg/kg,Cu的质量比为42.9 mg/kg、68.8 mg/kg和69.4 mg/kg.3段支水道底泥污染负荷指数(IPL值)分别是14.0、10.6和1.46,整个区域IPL值为6.19,达到极强度污染程度.Pb、Zn总体污染程度比Cu严重,对武江乐昌段及其下游地区存在潜在生态风险.指出,霜降河和废水排泄沟段底泥不能农用,需特别谨慎地疏浚、转运和处置,而武江段底泥则可农用.