大气二氧化硫两种分析方法对测定结果的影响

对甲醛缓冲溶液吸收－盐酸副玫瑰胺测定大气中ＳＯ２的两种分析方法进行了对比实验表明，由于实验条件和试剂浓度不同，造成测定结果有一定差异，（空气和废气监测分析方法）法略高于（环境监测技术规范）法。     

电线电缆行业漆包线生产工艺废气中有机物的GC/MS测定

本文以活性炭、ＴｅｎａｘＧＣ、聚氨酯泡沫为吸附材料,用二硫化碳洗脱、二氯甲烷提取、加热解吸三种脱附方式,并以色谱／质谱（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）联用仪为测试手段,对漆包线生产工艺废气中的有机物进行了测定,共检出７２种有机化合物。本文进行了不同采集方式间的比较,提出了电线电缆行业工艺废气中有机化合物的系统分析方法。     

空气中总悬浮颗粒物的X射线衍射定性分析研究

以天津市环境监测中心采集的空气中总悬浮颗粒物（ＴＳＰ）膜（９７１０１２号）为样品,使用日本理学Ｄ／ｍａｘＲＡＸ射线衍射仪对其进行化合物定性分析,并介绍样品的采集与制样方法、仪器测试条件。最后通过ＪＣＰＤＳＩＣＤＤ（国际粉末衍射数据中心）标准数据库检索出该样品所含的全部化合物     

大气环境中二硫化碳分析方法的选择研究

应用气相色谱（ＧＣ）Ｎｉ６３电子捕获检测器（ＥＣＤ），在６２０１红色担体为基体，涂１０％ＯＶ－１０１固定液的玻璃柱上，以甲苯作吸收液，对大气环境中微量二硫化碳能够进行定量检测，其最低检出浓度可达６×１０－６ｍｇ／ｍｌ（进液体样品１μｌ）；方法精密度为３．４％，ＳＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ气体物质不干扰测定。经现场实际环境样品测试，此方法能够适用于大气环境中微量ＣＳ２的分析工作，为大气环境监测微量ＣＳ２的分析建立了一个比较合适的方法。     

无铝箔复膜复合玻璃纤维风管安全性能的监测

本文采用Ｓ２７００型扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对无铝箔复膜复合玻璃钢空调通风管道玻璃纤维污染进行了观测,并采用ＱＰ５０００型色谱／质谱联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对通风管道在火灾中焚烧产生的烟气进行了分析,模拟试验的监测结果表明,通风管道空气流中玻璃纤维浓度为３２０３５０根／立方米,焚烧烟气中检出了２甲基丙烯酰苯胺,这是一种有害物质。     

停流──诱导动力学光度法测定微量钒

Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）－Ⅰ－淀粉体系的氧化还原反应可被Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）－Ｖ（Ⅳ）反应所诱导，本文据此提出了一种测定微量钒（Ⅳ）的停流－诱导动力学光度法，并建立了测定最佳条件。常见离子中，除Ｆｅ２＋，Ｔｒ１＋，Ｓｅ４＋，Ａｓ３＋以外，大部分不干扰测定。本法测定钒（Ⅳ）的线性范围为０～１．８μｇ／ｍｌ；测定了土壤中微量钒，六次测定的ＲＳＤ＝２．４５％。     

meso-四(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉二阶导数分光光度法测定废水中痕量汞(Ⅱ)

本文基于Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）ｍｅｓｏ四（３氯４甲氧基苯基）卟啉（Ｔ（３Ｃｌ４ＭＯＰ）Ｐ）Ｔｗｅｎ８０显色体系,提出一种高灵敏度二阶导数分光光度法测定工业废水中的痕量汞（Ⅱ）,研究了汞配合物的形成条件。在ｐＨ７２～７９的中性介质中和Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０的存在下,沸水浴加热６ｍｉｎ,反应进行完全。汞（Ⅱ）量在１８～１０４μｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律,二阶导数分光光度法测定汞（Ⅱ）的表观摩尔吸光系数ε４５２６,４６１６＝９８８×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１,检出限为１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ。方法用于工业废水中痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的测定,结果满意。     

Bi（Ⅱ）──APDC共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离FAAS测定水中痕量Pb、Cd

Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）──ＡＰＤＣ共沉淀富集脱脂棉分离ＦＡＡＳ测定水中痕量Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ王林涛，杨玲（云南玉溪地区环境监测站，６５３１００）取加热浓缩至２０ｍｌ的水样，加入Ｂｉ（Ⅱ）（１００μｇ／ｍｌ）３ｍｌ、ＡＰＤＣ３ｍｌ，ＮａＯＡＣＨＯＡＣ缓冲液２ｍｌ，调ｐＨ至...     

电线电缆行业主要工艺废气中有机污染状况分析及筛选研究

我们以活性炭、ＴｅｎａｘＧＣ、聚氨酯泡沫为吸附剂,采用溶剂洗脱、热解吸、回流提取三种脱附方式,以ＧＣ／ＭＳ为分析手段,对某电缆厂的漆包线涂漆、橡料加工、橡胶硫化、聚氯乙烯挤塑、聚乙烯交联五条生产工艺废气中的有机物进行了测定,共检出１８０种有机化合物。同时采用科学方法进行了有机物的筛选,提出了２７种电线电缆行业废气中优先控制有机污染物名单     

用扩散法被动式个体采样器同时测定空气中二氧化硫和二氧化氮

本文介绍了用被动式个体采样器同时测定空气中ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２的方法,吸收层用三乙醇胺（２０％）＋碳酸钠（５％）溶液浸渍的滤纸,采样后分成两等分,分别测定ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２浓度。与有动力的溶液吸收管现场对比验证,表明两者结果是一致的。在外环境监测时,为了克服风速的影响,可将被动式个体采样器放在ＴＳＰ流量采样器的帽形采样头中,这样可同时测定环境空气中ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２和ＮＯ２。     

连续流动分光光度法测定空气和废气中的氰化氢

利用荷兰SKALAR公司的间隔流动分析仪,用连续流动注射分析技术,对空气和废气中的氰化氢进行实验研究.优化了实验条件,方法操作简便,氰化物的工作曲线线性关系良好,大大提高了检测效率,缩短了检测时间,同时具有精密度较好的特点.     

机动车排放尾气中挥发性有机污染物对环境空气质量影响初探

采用气相色谱/质谱检测技术,对汽油和柴油、汽油车和柴油车排放气体以及天津市环境空气中主要挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的组成种类及比例进行探析.结果表明,机动车排放的尾气中主要有机污染物为芳香烃类、烷烃类和烯烃类化合物,其中芳香烃类含量最高;汽油车排放的芳香烃类化合物浓度高于柴油车排放的浓度;机动车尾气对交通区域空气质量的影响高于工厂区(非化工区)、生活小区和公园.     

Determination of carbonyls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of aldehydes and ketones based on mass spectrometric detection is described. Recently developed modular derivatizing agents are employed for analysis. These hydrazine reagents, e.g. 4-dimethylamino-6-(4-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2-hydrazine (DMNTH), react with the carbonyl compounds with the formation of the respective hydrazones, which are separated by HPLC-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the positive mode. Electrospray ionization may also be used for analysis. Particular focus is directed on various calibration approaches, including external calibration with standard solutions and internal calibration with a hydrazone standard of cyclobutanone, an aldehyde not likely to occur in real samples. A second approach for internal calibration is based on the 13C2-labelled acetaldehyde hydrazone standard. Different calibration approaches may then be used for the analysis of real samples. Limits of detection range from 2 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-8) mol L-1 for a series of hydrazones, including hydrazones of saturated aldehydes with alkyl chain lengths from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and hydrazones of selected unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes as well as ketone hydrazones.     

预冷浓缩系统与气相色谱——质谱法测定室内空气中挥发性有机物

针对室内空气挥发性有机物测定方法的不足，本文采用预冷浓缩系统和气相色谱，质谱联用。建立了测定室内空气中39种挥发性有机物的分析方法，该方法采用苏码罐采样，经液氮预冷冻浓缩后，用心城由检测。该方法灵敏度高，操作简便、重现性好、准确度高，适用于室内空气中挥发性有机物的测定。     

Non-CO2 gaseous emissions from upstream oil and gas operations in Nigeria

The Nigerian crude oil is formed in association with natural gas. The associated gas has mostly been flared in the process of crude oil exploitation. Current estimates are that approximately 70% of produced natural gas is flared. Carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides emissions from oil and gas exploitation activities are presented for major combustion activities: gas flares and power generation at oil fields for oil and gas gathering systems. The emissions rates and combustion efficiency for a newly tested modified flaring system with enhanced air supply and liquid aspiration system for the atomization of the condensate phases of the flared gas was found to be capable of improving combustion efficiency by 20% or more in comparison with the conventional flare-type currently in vogue. Flare emissions for CO and NO_x are an order of magnitude higher than other sources in the oil and gas sector.     

SUMMA罐采样-GC/MS法测定吸烟室内空气中挥发性有机物

采用空气预浓缩与气相色谱/质谱联用技术对空气中59种痕量挥发性有机化合物进行定性与定量分析,应用研究的技术对吸烟室烟草空气中的挥发性有机物成分定性解析,对59种常见挥发性有机污染物定量检测.室内环境烟草空气中检出多种挥发性有机污染物,主要有烯烃、烷烃、苯系物等有害成分,不仅对被动吸烟人群造成危害,同时也影响大气环境质量...     

环境空气中的邻苯二甲酸酯类的测定

研究制作了半挥发性有机物中流量采样装置,将环境空气(包括气相和颗粒物)中的半挥发性有机物采集到超细玻璃纤维滤膜及其后面的吸附剂上,用乙醚/正己烷混合溶剂提取,提取液经硅胶柱净化后,用反相液相色谱分离测定邻苯二甲酸酯类.并对色谱分离条件、样品净化方式、目标化合物在气相和颗粒物上的分布规律及采样器的捕集效率进行了实验.     

Development of a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method for the sampling of VOC traces in indoor air

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was studied for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. An adsorptive PDMS/Carboxen fibre was used and an analytical methodology was developed in order to overcome competitive adsorption. Kinetics and adsorption isotherms were investigated for different sample volumes and model compounds. In order to evaluate competitive adsorption on the fibre, these compounds were studied alone and in mixture. From the results obtained, the operating conditions allowing co-adsorption of the target compounds were determined: the air sample is enclosed in a 250 mL glass bulb where the SPME fibre is exposed until adsorption equilibrium. This procedure was combined with GC/MS analysis for the identification and quantification of VOCs in indoor air. The performances were determined by using a standard gas containing 10 VOCs representative of indoor environments (acetaldehyde, acetone, BTX, alpha-pinene, trichloroethylene, alkanes). The detection limits were determined in single ion monitoring mode and for a signal to noise ratio of 3. Except acetaldehyde (6 microg m(-3)), they are all below 0.5 microg m(-3). Calibration curves are linear up to 10 micromol m(-3) for all the compounds with good correlation coefficients (above 0.99). The reproducibility ranges from 6 to 12% according to the compound. The methodology was then applied to the comparison of the VOCs content in classrooms of two different schools.     

Determination of isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and amines in air formed during the thermal degradation of polyurethane

An air sampling method for the determination of isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and amines formed during the thermal degradation of polyurethane (PUR) is presented. The method is based on the collection of air samples using impinger flasks containing di-n-butylamine (DBA) in toluene with a glass fibre filter in series. Isocyanates are derivatized with DBA to urea derivatives, and amines are derivatized in a subsequent work-up procedure with ethyl chloroformate (ET) to carbamate esters. Amine, aminoisocyanate and isocyanate derivatives were characterized using liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) and liquid chromatography-chemiluminescent nitrogen detection (LC-CLND). Quantification was performed by LC-MS, monitoring molecular ions [MH]+ in the electrospray mode. The instrumental detection limits for amines, aminoisocyanates and isocyanates were in the ranges 30-40, 2-3 and 3-70 fmol, respectively. Thermal degradation products of PUR were observed in high concentrations during welding in district heating pipes and PUR-coated metal sheets. Eleven isocyanates, three amines and five aminoisocyanates were identified. The concentrations of isocyanates, aminoisocyanates and amines in samples collected in the smoke close to the welding spot were in the ranges 150-650, 4-290 and 1-70 ppb, respectively. In samples collected in the breathing zone, isocyanates and aminoisocyanates were observed in the ranges 9-120 and 4-19 ppb, respectively. The compounds were present in both gas and particle phases. Volatile compounds dominated in the gas phase, whereas less volatile compounds dominated in the particle phase. The method presented makes it possible to sample and determine amines and aminoisocyanates, in addition to isocyanates. The need to monitor these compounds is clearly illustrated by the high concentrations found during the thermal degradation of PUR.     

食品生产企业周边空气中的异味监测

简述了食品生产企业产生的异味无机物、有机物的种类,指出其异味主要来源于食品加工、原料贮存以及废物处理等环节,分析了异味物质的产生机理。介绍了空气中异味物质的监测方法包括,嗅辨法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、傅里叶红外光谱法以及气相色谱/气相色谱-质谱与嗅闻联用法等,及其适用性,以及测定结果的评价方法。