常州市“白色污染”防治对策研究

论述了常州市“白色污染”的成因、管理状况及对环境的危害，提出了常州市“白色污染”的防治对策。     

浅谈环境中“白色污染”的现状及防治对策

分析国内外“白色污染”的现状和危害，提出了防治“白色污染”的几点对策和建议。     

“白色污染”及其防治对策探析

塑料制品给人们的生活带来了极大便利,同时产生的"白色污染"又对人类的身体健康和生态环境造成严重的危害。文章在分析"白色污染"来源及危害的基础上,提出了解决我国"白色污染"问题的一系列防治对策。     

经济手段防治白色污染的博弈分析

经济手段在环境管理中的作用及涉及到政府与各利益关系人之间的博弈过程。本文就政府与一次性餐具生产者，销售者之间的博弈关系，分析如何应用经济手段使其在防治“白色污染”中发挥更好的作用。     

浅谈我国农村环境监测

简述了国家对改善我国农村环境质量政策要求，介绍了全国农村环境质量例行试点监测基本情况，分析了农村环境质量监测存在的能力不足，体系不完善，缺乏代表性等主要问题。提出农村环境监测与农村“以奖促治”结合，以及开展农业面源污染监测的工作思路，以此推进农村环境保护。     

"两级质控、第三方运营"水质自动站管理模式初探

以江苏省太湖流域水质自动站管理模式为例,从运维管理、质控管理等角度介绍了“两级质控、第三方运营”水站管理模式的基本结构、概念和优势.     

淮河流域污染"久治不愈"原因浅析及治理措施建议

根据淮河流域水质和产业结构现状、近几年来主要污染物排放量变化以及流域内污水处理情况,初步分析了淮河流域污染反弹“久治不愈”的几个原因并提出了几点相应的建议。     

新技术可破解“白色污染”

正据新华社华盛顿电中美科学家17日宣布在降解聚乙烯废塑料方面取得突破,不仅为解决被称为"白色污染"的废塑料污染提供了一种可能的新途径,而且降解产物还可用于生产清洁柴油,促进碳资源循环利用。这项研究由中国科学院上海有机化学研究所黄正课题组和美国加利福尼亚大学欧文分校管治斌课题组合作完成。相关论文发表在新一期美国《科学进展》杂志上。     

治理黄河白色污染 保障水电生产安全

文中阐述了黄河沿岸废水随意排放，城市垃圾任意倾倒，造成水质恶化，尤其是漂浮物横流，大量的白色垃圾聚集在坝前库区，形成水上垃圾场，严重腐蚀机电设备，影响电站的安全生产和正常发电，本公司在力所能及的情况下，投入资金治理白色污染及呼吁政府部门加大执法力度，加强公民道德教育，让每一个市民从自已做起，共同保护母亲河．     

论"两大体系建设"

1如何认识环境监管体系?环境问题以其变化性、复杂性、不确定性、长期性和冲突性的特点标志其是一个系统的问题,也因此要求环境管理必须用系统的思维方式,采用系统的解决方案构建环境管理支撑体系。当前,环保事业已经进入以环境优化经济增长的新阶段,环境监管工作面临着前所未有的良好发展机遇,在刚刚结束的第六次全国环保大会上,温家宝总理强调做好新形势下的环保工作,关键是要加快实现“三个转变”,明确指出要“不断加强环保监管能力建设。要建立先进的环境监测预警体系,全面反映环境质量状况和趋势,准确预警各类环境突发事件。”曾培炎副…     

实验室“三废”的处理方法

论述了含汞等７类实验室常见废弃物的处理方法，介绍了６种有机溶剂的３种贵重金属的回收与提纯，以防止污染事故的发生。     

Rapid assessment of air,water, and land pollution sources

A procedure is outlined to make a rapid across-the-board estimate of the quantities of air, water and land pollution in a given region or country. Such inventories, though not as detailed as one would eventually need, provide a first integrated view of the magnitude and quantity of pollution and can contribute to effective and comprehensive pollution control planning.This article is abstracted from Rapid Assessment of Air, Water and Land Pollution Sources, WHO Internal Document EFP/81.14, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1981.     

Towards a sampling strategy for the assessment of forest condition at European level: combining country estimates

A correct characterization of the status and trend of forest condition is essential to support reporting processes at national and international level. An international forest condition monitoring has been implemented in Europe since 1987 under the auspices of the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests). The monitoring is based on harmonized methodologies, with individual countries being responsible for its implementation. Due to inconsistencies and problems in sampling design, however, the ICP Forests network is not able to produce reliable quantitative estimates of forest condition at European and sometimes at country level. This paper proposes (1) a set of requirements for status and change assessment and (2) a harmonized sampling strategy able to provide unbiased and consistent estimators of forest condition parameters and of their changes at both country and European level. Under the assumption that a common definition of forest holds among European countries, monitoring objectives, parameters of concern and accuracy indexes are stated. On the basis of fixed-area plot sampling performed independently in each country, an unbiased and consistent estimator of forest defoliation indexes is obtained at both country and European level, together with conservative estimators of their sampling variance and power in the detection of changes. The strategy adopts a probabilistic sampling scheme based on fixed-area plots selected by means of systematic or stratified schemes. Operative guidelines for its application are provided.     

齐齐哈尔市大气微生物污染水平

通过对不同月份大气微生物数据分析得出：一年中１、２月份污染轻；６～１０月份污染重，通过对不同功能区大气微生物数据分析得出：人群密集、绿化差的“一百”采样点污染重，人群稀疏、绿化较好的“二厂”采样点污染较轻．与此同时应用制定的污染分级标准划分了各功能区、各月污染状况．     

Predominant anthropogenic sources and rates of atmospheric mercury accumulation in southern Ontario recorded by peat cores from three bogs: comparison with natural "background" values (past 8000 years)

Peat cores from three bogs in southern Ontario provide a complete, quantitative record of net rates of atmospheric Hg accumulation since pre-industrial times. For comparison with modern values, a peat core extending back 8000 years was used to quantify the natural variations in Hg fluxes for this region, and their dependence on climatic change and land use history. The net mercury accumulation rates were separated into "natural" and "excess" components by comparing the Hg/Br ratios of modern samples with the long-term, pre-anthropogenic average Hg/Br. The average background mercury accumulation rate during the pre-anthropogenic period (from 5700 years BC to 1470 AD) was 1.4 +/- 1.0 microg m(-2) per year (n = 197). The beginning of Hg contamination from anthropogenic sources dates from AD 1475 at the Luther Bog, corresponding to biomass burning for agricultural activities by Native North Americans. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, deposition of anthropogenic Hg was at least equal to that of Hg from natural sources. Anthropogenic inputs of Hg to the bogs have dominated continuously since the beginning of the 19th century. The maximum Hg accumulation rates decrease in the order Sifton Bog, in the City of London, Ontario (141 microg Hg m(-2) per year), Luther Bog in an agricultural region (89 microg Hg m(-2) per year), and Spruce Bog which is in a comparatively remote, forested region (54 microg Hg m(-2) per year). Accurate age dating of recent peat samples using the bomb pulse curve of 14C shows that the maximum rate of atmospheric Hg accumulation occurred during AD 1956 and 1959 at all sites. In these (modern) samples, the Hg concentration profiles resemble those of Pb, an element which is known to be immobile in peat bogs. The correlation between these two metals, together with sulfur, suggests that the predominant anthropogenic source of Hg (and Pb) was coal burning. While Hg accumulation rates have gone into strong decline since the late 1950's, Hg deposition rates today still exceed the average natural background values by 7 to 13 times.     

南通市某钢丝绳行业集中区降尘中重金属污染状况评价

针对南通市钢丝绳行业集中区重金属污染问题,分析降尘中的铅、镉、铬、铜、镍、铁、锌、锰等重金属含量,并采用污染指数法和地累积指数法对降尘中重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该集中区降尘中重金属污染程度依次为Zn>Pb>Cd>Cu>Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr,铅、锌为主要污染因子,铅、锌污染级别均处于重污染级别。     

Municipal solid waste management in Thailand and disposal emission inventory

The increasing municipal solid waste (MSW) generation along with the high fraction of organic waste and a common disposal of open dumping is the current scenario in many areas in Thailand. As a response to this problem, the country’s Pollution Control Department (PCD) aims to reduce the MSW generation rate to less than 1 kg/capita/day, increase the collection efficiency, and improve the recovery of recyclables. For many years, more than 60% of the solid waste disposal system in Thailand has been carried out by open dumping. According to the survey conducted by this study, in 2004 there were 425 disposal sites (95 landfills; 330 open dumps) in Thailand and an estimated methane emission of 115.4 Gg/year was generated based on this practice. It has been estimated that the anticipated methane emission in Thailand will rise from 115.4 Gg/year to 118.5 Gg/year if the largest open dumpsites in provinces with no existing landfill are upgraded to sanitary landfill; and it will increase to 193.5 Gg/year if the existing sanitary landfill is upgraded to integrated waste management facilities. Moreover, Bangkok metropolitan have the highest methane emission (54.83 Gg/year) among all the regions in Thailand. The methane emission forecast of 339 Gg/year by 2020 (based on LandGEM methodology) provides a stimulus to create a comprehensive plan to capture and utilize methane as an energy source.     

Predicting photochemical pollution in an industrial area

In order to confront pollution events concerning the city of Elefsis, in the environmentally aggravated area of Thriassion Plain, an effort is undertaken to create a model forecasting maximal daily concentrations of NO(x) (NO(2)+NO), NO(2) and O(3). The data analyzed were obtained from the Bureau of Pollution Control and Environments Quality based in Elefsis. The model in question uses hourly values of the pollutants as well as meteorological data recorded at the center of the city of Elefsis from 1993 to 1999. Three fitting methods are utilized, namely ordinary least squares, piecewise, and quantile regression. The verification and reliability of the forecasting models are based on the measurements of the year 2000. The results are considered to be satisfactory, with the forecasted values following the general tendencies.     

综合污染指数评价与水质类别判定的关系

对水环境质量综合评价的定性、定量方法作了详细说明 ,并就综合污染指数评价方法与水质类别判定之间的相互关系、矛盾及总体的量化关系进行了分析 ;同时 ,对目前综合污染指数评价方法提出了改进意见。     

基于监测成本收益分析的重点污染源筛选方法研究

对目前国家污染重点监控污染源筛选方法现状进行总结分析,从经济学角度提出运用成本收益分析方法。在考虑监测成本的前提下计算重点污染源单因子筛选比例的方法,是对累积污染负荷法的改进和补充,使国家重点污染源的筛选更为经济且科学有效。