南通市某钢丝绳行业集中区降尘中重金属污染状况评价

针对南通市钢丝绳行业集中区重金属污染问题,分析降尘中的铅、镉、铬、铜、镍、铁、锌、锰等重金属含量,并采用污染指数法和地累积指数法对降尘中重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,该集中区降尘中重金属污染程度依次为Zn>Pb>Cd>Cu>Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr,铅、锌为主要污染因子,铅、锌污染级别均处于重污染级别。     

乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂污泥处置途径初探

针对乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂的污泥出路问题,结合当前的污泥处置技术及发展趋势,在进行污水厂污泥特性分析的基础上,提出污泥制肥是乌鲁木齐市今后污泥处置的发展方向。     

南通市生态环境遥感监测及其动态变化研究

应用遥感技术对南通市生态环境进行监测,利用GIS技术对遥感监测结果进行解译与分析,同时对2006-2009年南通市生态环境时空动态变化进行了分析与评价.结果表明,南通市生态环境类型以耕地、水域和城乡、工矿、居民用地为主,未利用土地面积极小.其生态环境动态变化的主要特点是耕地面积普遍有小幅度减少,以城镇建设用地为主的城乡、工矿、居民用地增加较多,林地面积无明显变化；未利用土地面积有所减少,以盐碱地面积减少为主,减少的面积主要用于耕地和建设用地.     

南通市温室气体排放估算

以2009年南通市主要领域碳排放情况为基数,采用IPCC指南中的计算方法,选取IPCC 指南明确的领域中对南通市而言具有代表性的部分内容,对2009年南通市全市碳排放量进行估算。估算结果表明,能源活动(化石燃料燃烧)为南通市主要温室气体排放源,其比例占据了主导地位。在能源活动中,原煤燃烧排放的CO₂远高于其他化石燃料燃烧的排放量。因此,南通市可在产业结构和能源结构调整、提高能源利用效率及加强能源管理等方面进行努力,以减少南通市温室气体排放量。     

秸秆焚烧对南通市空气质量的影响分析

为加强对秸秆焚烧的管理,通过对国家环境保护总局公布的夏冬收获季节卫星遥感探测的火点情况的统计分析,2004年-2009年夏冬收获季节南通市空气质量日变化趋势分析及典型秸秆焚烧日环境空气中污染物的小时变化趋势分析,得出秸秆焚烧对南通市环境空气质量影响的程度,掌握了南通市秸秆焚烧地域分布情况.     

城市污泥的处置及资源化展望

简述了国内外污泥处置的现状,并对目前各种污泥处理处置方法进行了比较.提出了污泥资源化的一些途径,指出污泥资源化将是我国污泥处置的主要发展方向.     

应用地积累指数法评价南通市内河沉积物中重金属污染

对南通市51个沉积物样品中重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Hg、As、Cd的质量浓度进行了测试,并用地积累指数法评价了河流沉积物的重金属污染。结果表明:南通市沉积物重金属基本上未受污染,只有元素As受到轻度污染。     

南通市化工行业危险废物管理现状分析及对策

以南通市化工行业危险废物产生现状为基础,对该行业危险废物的产生源、处置、利用、贮存和流向情况以及管理现状进行分析,阐述了产生问题的原因,提出了行业危险废物管理的对策建议.     

好氧颗粒污泥表征技术研究进展

随着好氧污泥颗粒化技术的兴起,好氧颗粒污泥成为研究的热点之一。各国学者对好氧颗粒污泥应用了不同的表征手段,文章对好氧颗粒污泥的物理性质表征方法、物化性质表征方法、生化性质表征方法、性能参数表征方法以及PCR、FISH、DGGE等现代分子生物学技术在好氧颗粒污泥研究中的应用进行了综述。     

臭氧氧化法污泥减量技术的试验研究

对臭氧氧化法污泥减量技术进行了试验研究。试验表明,污泥浓度和臭氧流量均会影响污泥减量效果。当SV%=40,Qo2=20L/h,氧污比为0.15gO3/gMLSS时,污泥去除率最高,达到67.95%,污泥浓度与时间的函数关系为:S=3209.60e-0.1428t(S—MLSS浓度,mg/L;e—指数常数t;—时间,h)。电镜观察表明,经过臭氧氧化,污泥菌胶团密度降低,丝状菌网状结构破坏,细胞质溶出,细胞量明显减少。臭氧氧化法污泥减量技术对于解决污泥问题具有指导意义。     

水处理污泥处理处置研究进展

污水污泥是城市废水处理后的终端产物,既是一种生物质原料,可以被有效地资源化和能源化,同时又含有大量有毒有害物质,如何妥善地处理处置污水污泥,已成为全社会关注的课题。浅析了污水污泥的处理处置方法以及当前的研究热点和新技术。污泥处理处置的发展方向为减量化、稳定化,以及在无害化前提下的资源化、能源化。     

Recycling of petroleum-contaminated sand

The environmental impact of using petroleum-contaminated sand (PCS) as a substitute in asphalt paving mixtures was examined. An appreciable component of PCS is oily sludge, which is found as the dregs in oil storage tanks and is also produced as a result of oil spills on clean sand. The current method for the disposal of oily sludge is land farming. However, this method has not been successful as an oil content of < 1% w/w is required, and difficulty was encountered in reaching this target. The reuse of the sludge in asphalt paving mixtures was therefore considered as an alternative. Standard tests and environmental studies were conducted to establish the integrity of the materials containing the recycled sludge. These included physical and chemical characterization of the sludge itself, and an assessment of the mechanical properties of materials containing 0%, 5%, 22% and 50% oily sludge. The blended mixtures were subjected to special tests, such as Marshall testing and the determination of stability and flow properties. The experimental results indicated that mixtures containing up to 22% oily sludge could meet the necessary criteria for a specific asphalt concrete wearing course or bituminous base course. To maximize the assay from the recycled material, the environmental assessment was restricted to the 50% oily sludge mixture. Leachates associated with this particular mixture were assayed for total organic residue and certain hazardous metal contaminants. The results revealed that the organics were negligible, and the concentrations of the metals were not significant. Thus, no adverse environmental impact should be anticipated from the use of the recycled product. Our research showed that the disposal of oily sludge in asphalt paving mixtures could possibly yield considerable savings per tonne of asphalt concrete, and concurrently minimize any direct impact on the environment.     

使用撬装式生物反应器处理含油污泥的现场试验

以长庆油田华池作业区93#井场的修井油泥为对象,添加石油降解菌剂、营养盐、膨松剂,使用撬装式生物反应器控制反应温度及提供全面的机械搅拌增进溶氧量与营养物质的传递速率,对初始含油量为7.24%的含油污泥进行24d的生物强化降解后,含油量下降为0.23%。结果表明,使用撬装式生物反应器可以使微生物快速高效的降解石油污染物,...     

A review of the sustainable value and disposal techniques, wastewater stabilisation ponds sludge characteristics and accumulation

Based on worldwide works available in international literature, this paper describes the status of sewage sludge resulting from settleable solids in waste stabilisation ponds (WSP). This review presents, in detail, sludge characteristics, production and accumulation rates in order to provide background information to those who expect to advise or get involved with sewage disposal in situations where resources are limited. Knowing that several years are usually required for a sludge removal operation and that the long-term sustainability of WSP systems is dependent on the safe and effective management of their sludge, its cost must be estimated and taken into account in the annual maintenance costs of the processes. Thus, this paper intends to summarise desludging methods and their financial estimation. Even when ponds have been functioning for several years, most of the sediments are stabilised well, the final disposal is an issue in terms of risk due, for example, to their content in nematode eggs. More generally, the pathogen content in sludge from WSP ponds has to be known to define an appropriate management and to safeguard public health. Based on existing data, the rates and distribution of helminth eggs will be presented and practical treatment methods will be suggested. A number of sludge utilisation and disposal pathways will also be summarised. Sludge activity in terms of oxygen consumption is also discussed in order to gather more information to improve pond design and keep an economic and sustainable value of WSP. The objectives of the present review are to advance knowledge and gather scientific and technical information on all aspects of sludge management including production, characterisation, management, agricultural reuse and ultimate disposal.     

南京市污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状

调查了南京市污水处理厂污泥产生量、成分、达标状况以及污泥处置方式,指出了污泥处置中存在的问题。提出依据国家相应的标准和法律法规,建立和完善污泥处理处置产业政策,大力发展相关技术和工艺等建议。     

印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移转化及鉴别因子筛选

简述了印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移转化及鉴别因子筛选。以采用活性染料的印染企业为例,从常用的原辅材料、使用的生产工艺、常用的废水处理工艺等几个方面来对印染废水处理污泥危险废物鉴别过程中有毒污染物的迁移及转化进行分析。提出危险废物鉴别工作任重而道远,危险废物鉴别的关键在于日常监管。     

Use of sequential extraction to assess the influence of sewage sludge amendment on metal mobility in Chilean soils

In Chile, the increasing number of plants for the treatment of wastewater has brought about an increase in the generation of sludge. One way of sludge disposal is its application on land; this, however involves some problems, some of them being heavy metal accumulation and the increase in organic matter and other components from sewage sludge which may change the distribution and mobility of heavy metals. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of sewage sludge application on the distribution of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in agricultural soils in Chile. Three different soils, two Mollisols and one Alfisol, were sampled from an agricultural area in Central Chile. The soils were treated with sewage sludge at the rates of 0 and 30 ton ha(-1), and were incubated at 25 degrees C for 45 days. Before and after incubation, the soils were sequentially extracted to obtain labile (exchangeable and sodium acetate-soluble), potentially labile (soluble in moderately reducing conditions, K4P2O7-soluble and soluble in reducing conditions) and inert (soluble in strong acid oxidizing conditions) fractions. A two-level factored design was used to assess the effect of sludge application rate, incubation time and their interaction on the mobility of the elements under study. Among the metals determined in the sludge, zinc has the highest concentration. However, with the exception of Ni, the total content of metals was lower than the recommended limit values in sewage sludge as stated by Chilean regulations. Although 23% of zinc in sludge was in more mobile forms, the residual fraction of all metals was the predominant form in soils and sludge. The content of zinc only was significantly increased in two of the soils by sewage sludge application. On the other hand, with the exception of copper, the metals were redistributed in the first four fractions of amended soils. The effect of sludge application rate, incubation time and their interaction depended on the metal or soil type. In most cases an increase in more mobile forms of metals in soils was observed as the final effect.     

Conditioning of Oily Sludge with Alum

Sludge dewatering is a process whereby water is removed from sludge so as to reduce its volume and alter its physical state from semisolid to damp solid. This physical change reduces the volume of sludge considerably and therefore the cost of disposal. The degree of reduction of sludge volume or dewatering is a function of the characteristics of sludge and the type of dewatering device. Sludge characteristics such as specific resistance, capillary suction time(CST), filter yield and solid content can be determined in the laboratories. Knowledge of these characteristics with different dosages of sludge conditioners helps in effective dewatering and sludge handling operations.Oil and grease have an affinity for suspended solids. Experiences show that the presence of oil in wastewater results in poor substrate utilization causing less aerobic treatment and subsequently hinder settling and dewatering processes. Sludge samples with different oil contents varying from 1.8% to 8.0% by weight have been examined in the laboratory to find out their specific resistance, capillary suction time and filter yield. Alum was used as a conditioner. Different dosages of alum varying from 2% to 12% by weight were used to determine the optimum chemical dosage for varying oil contents. Buchner funnel apparatus, filter leaf apparatus and capillary suction time test apparatus were used to determine the dewatering characteristics specific resistance, filter yield and capillary suction time respectively.Addition of alum decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly upto 4% dosages. Alum dosages beyond 4% only increase the solids content in the sludge cake and increase the sludge volume to be handled. The total suspended solids of filtrate decrease with alum dosage. The correlations between dewatering characteristics were studied. A correlation between CST and specific resistance to filtration was established. CST can be measured easily and quickly in the laboratories. Using the CST and the correlation a quick prediction on dewaterability can be established.     

Farmers’ attitude toward treated sludge use in the villages of West Bank,Palestine

An application of treated sewage sludge on agricultural land has been widely accepted, as this method is simple and economical for disposal of wastewater residues. When applied properly on an agricultural land, sludge can replenish organic matter and nutrients in soil. Although sewage sludge has been used in agriculture in many parts of the world, its acceptability varies with different cultures and beliefs among farmers. Farmers’ concerns on sludge use are primarily due to its anthropogenic origin, pollutants that it carries, a general perception of sewage being dirty, and its offensive odor. This paper aims to investigate farmers’ perceptions on land application of treated sewage sludge on their farm. This study targeted two farming communities, namely, Anza and Beit Dajan villages, located in Jenin and Nablus districts in the West Bank, Palestine. In this study, a sample of 106 farmers were randomly selected and surveyed through a mixture of structured and open-ended questions. Results indicated that, overall, farmers have positive perceptions on land application of sludge. A majority of the farmers are in favor of the concept of sludge use when a planned wastewater treatment plant is constructed and it becomes operational. Results also indicate that a majority of the farmers are in favor of using sludge for fertilizing fruit trees, rather than growing vegetables and other plants in a greenhouse, and that many of them have knowledge of sludge properties and advantages and disadvantages of sludge use in agriculture. Despite the positive perceptions by the majority of farmers, a small fraction of the farmers are in disfavor of the use of sludge for the following reasons: psychological and social concerns, potential health risks, and their religious beliefs. Results further suggest that the land application of treated sewage sludge can be accepted by more farmers if the consumers are willing to buy agricultural products fertilized by sludge, sludge meets the public health requirements, and sludge is available at low costs. To improve farmers’ perceptions on the land application of sludge, several measures are recommended.     

Evaluation of ground water denitrification at a biosolids disposal site

A study was conducted at a sanitary sewage sludge(biosolids) disposal site in Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A. todetermine if biological denitrification played a significantfactor in attenuation of ground water nitrate values. The siteselected for this study is a 23 ha (57 acre) dedicatedbiosolids disposal facility located adjacent to a 75.7 millionliter per day (20 million gallons per day) municipal treatmentplant that uses anaerobic solids stabilization for treatment ofgenerated biosolids material. Biosolids have been disposed of byfixed-point spray applicators at the site since 1976, which hascaused ground water nitrate levels to increase significantlyabove background levels. A method was developed using aconservative chemical tracer to simulate the biosolidsapplication process and monitor the ground water directly beneaththe simulated disposal site. Results demonstrated a net declineof nitrates that could not be attributed to dilution alone.While the monitoring methodology developed for this study didnot directly estimate the denitrification rate, a rate foroverall nitrate reduction was calculated that could be consideredto take into account all transport and reduction mechanisms suchas denitrification, advection, dispersion and dilution.