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 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
微波萃取技术在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
介绍了微波萃取技术及其使用的试剂、设备和条件,对微波萃取在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用予以综述,阐述了微波萃取技术是分析土壤中有机污染物的好方法。  相似文献   

2.
微波萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定土壤中的有机氯农药   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
通过微波萃取提取土壤中的有机氯农药,萃取溶液经浓硫酸脱色、佛罗里硅土柱净化,最后用气相色谱/质谱法分析.以石英砂为基体进行加标回收测定,有机氯农药的回收率在75.5%~103%之间,检出限为0.01μg/kg.  相似文献   

3.
微波提取高效液相色谱法测定土壤中15种痕量多环芳烃   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
采用微波提取结合高效液相色谱技术测定了土壤中15种PAHs的含量.比较了用微波提取、索氏提取和超声萃取3种土壤样品的前处理方法对多环芳烃测定的影响,考察了色谱柱的性能、梯度洗脱条件的优化、荧光检潮波长程序变换及柱温等因素对15种PAHs组分之同分离的影响.经优化后的HPLC方法对15种PAHs的最低检测限为0.10~0.80 μg/kg,相对标准偏差为0.60%~4.60%,方法的回收率为58.1%~97.8%.实验结果表明,该方法兵有高效、快速、灵敏等特点,可以用于环境土壤样品中痕量PAHs的检测.  相似文献   

4.
研究利用主动土壤干燥技术,配合微波消解、原子荧光分光光度法,在短时间内完成大量不同用途土壤,如湿地、山林、农田耕地、沙石地等样品中砷的测定。采集的新鲜土壤样品经初筛,过滤、筛分等处理后,利用主动烘干技术,模拟自然干燥状态,可以快速烘干不同含水量的大量样品。该方法避免了因自然风干产生的实验室间的交叉污染,可以短时间处理大量样品;利用微波消解法进行前处理,再利用原子荧光分光光度法进行样品测定。该研究对52个土壤样品中的砷进行了测定,砷含量在2.70~27.3mg/kg。方法的最低方法检出限可以达0.001mg/kg。  相似文献   

5.
火焰原子吸收分光光度法测量土壤中铜、锌的含量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
土壤样品经预处理后,采用微波溶样消解法提取土壤中的有效态铜、锌元素,通过火焰原子吸收分光光度法,在最佳测定条下利用标准曲线法,完成对土壤中的有效态铜、锌元素。测定方法操作简便线性范围太,结果精密度高、准确度好,可以满足土壤样品中有效铜、锌元素的测定需要。  相似文献   

6.
利用催化极谱测定土壤中全钼含量的方法已有不少报道。但前处理步骤都较繁琐,本文参考有关文献,提出用乙醚作为萃取剂,不需过滤,直接以消解液中萃取Mo(CNS)θ,而与干扰物质分离,过程简便、省时、萃取率高。此外,还对催化体系进行了最佳条件试验,并估计了反应机制。通过对GSD底质标准参考物质和部分土壤样品的分析,结果可靠。  相似文献   

7.
《干旱环境监测》2006,20(4):254-256
监测方法研究4,5-二甲基-2-噻唑偶氮重氮氨基偶氮苯固相萃取光度法测定环境样品中锌的研究………………………………………………………………微波萃取—高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的研………………究杨杰(1 5)石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中微量…………………钡梁延鹏刘辉利朱义年卢洁(2 65)微波消解ICP—AES法测定土壤及底泥等中常量及微量元素陈素兰胡冠九陈波王霞(2 69)……………………………………………………………………………………………………分光光度法测定环境水样中铂的研究谢琦莹王宇韦群艳杨项军黄章…  相似文献   

8.
微波亚临界水萃取模拟土样中的2,3-二氯联苯和3,3′-二氯联苯,用气相色谱进行分析。与亚临界水萃取方法相比,该法缩短了萃取时间,分析物的萃取回收率有所提高。对微波亚临界水的萃取条件进行优化,确定了最佳萃取条件为时间20min、温度区段为210℃~225℃。方法对长江镇江段内江的底泥中的多氯联苯进行分析,测定结果与索氏提取-GC分析结果吻合,且不受底泥中腐殖质等有机物影响。  相似文献   

9.
微波萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯残留   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用微波萃取-硅镁吸附剂净化-气相色谱法测定土壤中有机氯农药,优化了试验条件。方法线性良好,8种有机氯农药的检出限为0.09ng/g-0.62ng/g,样品测定的RSD为2.6%-13.2%,基质加标平均回收率为93.7%-112%,质控样的测定结果与参考值相吻合。  相似文献   

10.
王荟  彭英  穆肃  章勇 《中国环境监测》2015,31(5):129-133
研究了提取溶剂效率、净化方式等因素对十氯酮测定的影响,对比了加速溶剂提取、微波萃取及超声波等提取方式,考察了不同电子轰击能量、碰撞能量下特征离子对的响应。建立了加速溶剂萃取,H2SO4净化分离,气相色谱法-三重四极杆质谱法测定土壤中十氯酮的分析方法。取5.0 g土壤干样,内标法定量,线性相关系数为0.999 7,加标回收率为91.7%~121%,相对标准偏差为3.4%(n=6),检出限为0.1 ng/kg。  相似文献   

11.
建立了采用微波消解土壤样品,OnGuardⅡH柱消除消解液中金属元素干扰,原子荧光法测定土壤中碲的方法。本方法检出限为0.009μg/g,加标回收率为91.3%~97.8%,具有操作简便、快速、准确度高和用酸量少等优点,有一定的应用价值。  相似文献   

12.
土壤重金属含量测定不同消解方法比较研究   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
消解是影响土壤重金属测定结果准确性的关键步骤.比较电热板消解、微波消解和全自动石墨消解3种消解方法的操作流程,同时对不同类型土壤样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni 6种元素含量进行对比测定,结果表明,电热板消解设备简单,但步骤繁锁,操作不当易造成组分损失;微波消解速度快,测定结果精密性和准确性较好,但仍需人工赶酸程序且罐位少,不适合大批量样品分析;全自动石墨消解不仅测定结果精密性和准确性较好,而且自动化程度高,可实现无人值守,大大节省人力,尤其适合大批量样品的分析.  相似文献   

13.
Determinations of PCB were carried out as part of a project aimed at developing cleanup methods for PCB-containing elastic sealant used in outdoor joints between concrete blocks. The goals of the project were to develop methods, which minimise the spread of PCB to the outdoor environment and to indoor air, and which keep the PCB levels as low as reasonably possible in the workplace environment whilst removing the elastic sealant. The following PCB determinations were carried out: (1) concentration in the elastic sealant; (2) concentration in the concrete close to the sealant; (3) concentration in soil; (4) concentration in the indoor air; and (5) concentration in the air in the workplace environment. The cleanup process consisted of a number of different steps: (1) cutting the elastic sealant with an oscillating knife; (2) grinding the concrete with a mechanical machine; (3) sawing the concrete with a mechanical saw and (4) cutting the concrete with a mechanical chisel. In all these different steps a high capacity vacuum cleaner connected to the machines was used. The elastic sealant contained 4.7 to 8.1% total PCB of a technical product with a composition most similar to Clophene A40. The concrete close to the sealant (first 2 mm) contained 0.12 and 1.7% total PCB at two different places. The pattern of the PCB in the concrete resembled that of the sealant. PCB concentrations in the soil from the ground close to the building were 0.1 and 0.3 ppm at two different places before the remedial action. The source of the PCB in the soil is most likely the sealant as the PCB pattern is similar for the two materials. The PCB levels in the workplace air at the beginning of the project, when the techniques were not fully developed, were generally above the occupational exposure limit of 10 micrograms m-3 (up to 120 micrograms m-3). Later when the techniques were optimised to better take care of dust and gases produced during the cutting and grinding etc., the levels were below or close to 10 micrograms m-3. The pattern of the PCB in the workplace air was different from that of the sealant and contained higher levels of lighter components. The PCB concentrations in the indoor air were measured before and during the remedial process. The levels were around 600 ng m-3 and there was no significant increase during the removal of the sealant. The PCB level after the remedial action will be measured later. The pattern of the PCB in the indoor air was different from that of the sealant as well as from that of the workplace air. Higher levels of the lighter PCB were present indoors compared to the composition in both workplace air and in sealant. Extracts of PCB were analysed by GC-MS with a SIM method (selected ion monitoring). Standard procedures were used for extraction of solid materials. For the air samples an OVS tube was used with XAD-2 as adsorbent. The filter and adsorbent were extracted with toluene. This work shows that it is important to perform remedial action of PCB-containing elastic sealant as: (1) there is a spread of PCB to the indoor air giving high enough concentrations to make this the main PCB load on humans living in the apartments studied in this project; (2) large amounts are spread to the soil from these sealants; and (3) many of the PCB-containing elastic sealants used need to be changed from a functional perspective.  相似文献   

14.
A method to determine the total PCB content by hydrogenolysis (hydrodechlorination and hydrogenation) of chlorinated biphenyl compounds was extended to natural particulate matrices (soil and sediment). The contaminated soil was suspended in hexane in the presence of Pd/gamma-Al2O3 in a hydrogen atmosphere then permitted to react for one hour at 65 degrees C. Dicyclohexyl, recovered in the hexane, was quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The reaction was very efficient for soil/sediment in hexane suspension and virtually complete provided that excess catalyst was added to samples that were burdened with higher PCB loadings prior to reaction otherwise some partial hydrogenation of biphenyl was also observed. The proposed method was validated with the analysis of five certified reference materials.  相似文献   

15.
较详细地评述了微波辅助溶样技术在实际应用中存在的挥发物渗透损失、记忆效应、残留物现象及安全操作等问题,以及实际操作对策,以期对分析人员在建立与使用微波制样方法时有所裨益。  相似文献   

16.
土壤重(类)金属消解方法的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
综述了目前国内外土壤重(类)金属的消解方法及相关标准,分析了各种方法的优缺点。指出传统的电热板消解法已逐渐被淘汰,微波消解法应用广泛却存在一定的局限性,全自动石墨消解法自动化程度高,适合大批量样品前处理,应用前景良好。提出相对于加入氢氟酸的混酸消解法获得的土壤重(类)金属全量,王水消解法获得的土壤重(类)金属总环境有效态与生物有效性相关性更好,研究者可根据需要选择合适的消解方法。  相似文献   

17.
底质样品微波消解总磷测定研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
使用硫酸_高氯酸在微波消解系统消解 ,以钼锑抗比色法测定底质中的总磷 ,通过实验确定最佳消解及分析条件。结果表明 ,该方法快速简便并有较高准确度、精密度和较低的检测限 ,值得推广和应用。  相似文献   

18.
Illegal dumping of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) capacitors was discovered in Kobe, Japan, in 2001, leaving about 68 m(3) (92 tons) of soil contaminated with approximately 6.6 kg of PCBs. Solvent extraction technology carried out in 2002-2003 using isopropyl alcohol remedied the affected soil at the site. Forty-seven batch treatments were conducted during full-scale treatment. On average, 8.4 extraction cycles per batch were needed to achieve the clean-up goal for PCBs (i.e., the Japanese environmental quality standard for soil). Analytical results showed that the average PCB concentration (88 microg g(-1)-dry soil) in untreated soil samples of all the batches was decreased to 1.2 microg g(-1)-dry soil in treated soil samples, yielding a removal efficiency of 98.6%. Dioxin responsive-chemical activated luciferase gene expression assay (DR-CALUX) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) adopting a monoclonal antibody against 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB #118) were used to rapidly screen soil samples before and after solvent extraction. The DR-CALUX and ELISA results were in good agreement with World Health Organization toxicity equivalent values and analytically determined PCB concentrations, respectively. Regular monitoring during the treatment period confirmed that the applied technology met Japanese environmental and control regulations concerning treatment and disposal of contaminated soils and treatment residues. After full-scale treatment, the amount of PCBs recovered from the solvent purification system approximated the estimated amount of PCBs spilled.  相似文献   

19.
建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取小柱净化-气相色谱法测定土壤中12种有机磷农药的方法。推荐了12种有机磷农药快速分离的色谱条件。采用加速溶剂萃取技术实现了对土壤中有机磷农药残留的提取,选取最佳条件参数,减少了组分的损失,提取回收率达88%~108%。选择不同填料的SPE小柱和洗脱溶剂形成3种方案法进行净化实验,结果表明,方案2采用混合溶剂(正己烷、丙酮、二氯甲烷体积比为1∶1∶1)洗脱上样后的硅胶SPE小柱的净化效果好,回收率为91%~121%。方法检出限为0.000 1~0.000 2 mg/kg,石英砂基体和实际污染土壤样品加标回收率为62%~112%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~8.6%。该方法操作简便,快捷,灵敏度高,检出限低,试剂用量少,准确度和精密度符合质量控制要求。  相似文献   

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