城市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况及变化规律

2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出～167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...     

郑州市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况初探

在郑州市交通密集区、工业区、居民文化区等不同功能区设置监测点位,分春季、夏季、冬季不同季节对郑州市大气环境中15种醛酮类的污染状况进行初步研究。结果表明,郑州市大气环境中醛酮类主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是夏季春季冬季;功能区的变化趋势是交通密集区居民区;污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有较好的相关性。     

大气微生物与气象条件及大气污染物的灰色关联分析

根据大气微生物浓度、气象因子和大气污染理化因子的监测结果，应用灰色关联分析原理，分析研究大气微生物浓度与气象条件和大气污染物的关联程度，说明气象因子对各类微生物浓度的影响大于大气污染因子，特别是对耐高渗透压霉菌。     

衍生气相色谱法在环境监测中的应用

衍生化气相色谱法就是利用化学反应改变目标化合物分子中的原子或官能团,通过检测新生产物对目标化合物进行气相色谱定性和定量分析,具有高灵敏度、良好的分离效果和绿色环保等优点。通过对衍生化与气相色谱联用在环境监测中特别是有机污染物的应用,具体介绍了该技术在醛酮类、酚类、酸类化合物及其他有机污染物分析中的应用及反应原理,并提出了该技术的注意事项及应用展望。     

米泉市大气污染与气象因子变化特征分析

通过对米泉市大气污染状况进行分析，揭示大气污染与其所处的地理特征、气象特征的关系，并对大气污染物TSP、降尘污染与气象因子变化特征进行分析，进一步阐述尘污染是影响米泉市大气环境质量的重要指标。     

伊宁市空气污染与气象因子相关性分析

利用伊宁市2000年大气和气象实测资料分析了污染物与气象诸因子的关系。结果表明，污染物与气象诸因子的关系较为明显，特别是与风速，相对湿度,气温的相关性十分显著。同时也得出伊宁市降水的净化效应不显著。     

郑州市不同季节空气中醛酮类化合物污染特征及来源

选择郑州市6个特征区域进行布点,在冬季和夏季,每季连续3 d采集样品,并采用2,4-二硝基苯肼吸附管吸附大气样品-高效液相色谱法测定大气中醛酮类化合物浓度水平。结果表明,郑州市大气中主要的醛酮类化合物是甲醛、乙醛、丙酮和2-丁酮,它们的小时平均质量浓度冬季分别为8.23、7.67、13.9、1.56μg/m3,夏季分别为15.4、10.3、17.1、3.30μg/m3,夏季浓度明显高于冬季;无论冬季或夏季昼间浓度均普遍高于夜间,甲醛、乙醛和丙酮的日变化最高质量浓度多出现在08:00~09:00或12:00~13:00或18:00~20:00等时段;甲醛、乙醛和丙酮在冬季相关性较好,具有相同的源和汇,甲醛和乙醛在夏季相关性较好,而甲醛、乙醛和丙酮在夏季的相关性较差。大气醛酮类化合物变化趋势表明,机动车尾气排放和光化学反应是郑州大气醛酮类化合物的重要来源。     

西安市某工业园夏季VOCs浓度特征及O3、SOA生成潜势

2020年7月30日—10月10日对西安市某工业园区大气中的70种VOCs开展了为期73 d的VOCs手工采样监测,分析了上、下风向2个点位VOCs浓度组成特征、O₃生成潜势和SOA生成潜势,并运用PMF进一步分析该区域VOCs的主要来源。结果显示：监测期间工业园区平均VOCs浓度为203.50 μg/m³,以甲醛和乙醛为主的醛酮类（148.37 μg/m³）是主要污染物,占TVOC浓度的57%~84%,其次是烷烃。通过上、下风向VOCs成分比较发现,醛酮类为高污染时段特征污染物,工业园区平均OFP为969.66 μg/m³,醛酮类对O₃生成的贡献最大,占TOFP的80%~97%,其次是烯烃。工业园区平均SOAFP为0.50 μg/m³,芳香烃对SOA生成的贡献最大,占TSOAFP的48%~98%,其次是烷烃。PMF源解析得到5个因子,分别为工业源、溶剂涂料、燃烧源、移动源及其他源,贡献率分别占35.2%、20.4%、18.3%、12.8%、13.3%,解析显示该区域受到下风向电子产业影响较大。     

长沙市大气中醛酮类化合物浓度变化特征

参照美国环保署EPA-TO11标准方法,于2014年7—10月监测了长沙市大气中醛酮类化合物的质量浓度。主要监测到的醛酮类化合物为甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、甲基丙烯醛,夏季质量浓度最高的是甲醛(13.86 mg/m³),其次是乙醛(7.28 mg/m³)、丙酮(7.14 mg/m³),秋季质量浓度最高的是甲醛(10.31 mg/m³),其次是丙酮(8.37 mg/m³)、乙醛(5.78 mg/m³)。夏季醛酮类化合物的总量高于秋季,甲醛、乙醛、丙酮的质量浓度最大值基本出现在13:00—15:00。C1/C2(甲醛/乙醛)、C2/C3(乙醛/丙醛)的平均值分别为2.02、10.19。分析了醛酮类化合物之间的相关性以及它们可能的来源。丙醛和甲醛、乙醛的相关性较好,三者有共同的人为来源。夏季大气中除丙酮外,其他醛酮类化合物的相关性均较好。夏季甲基丙烯醛和甲醛、乙醛、丙酮有相同的自然来源。综合分析可知,长沙大气中醛酮类化合物质量浓度受自然因素和人为因素的双重影响。     

石河子市大气中氮氧化物与气象条件的关系

用实测数据分析了石河子市大气中ＮＯｘ与气温，湿度和风速等气象因子的关系，得出结论是气温升高，风速增强，使大气中ＮＯｘ浓度值降低，相对湿度在７０％～８０％之间，其ＮＯｘ浓度较高，为此，气象条件诸如水平风速，大气温度，湿度和大气层结构的稳定与否均大对气污染物浓度产生重要影响。     

Occupational exposure to rubber vulcanization products during repair of rubber conveyor belts in a brown coal mine

Several hundred chemical compounds were found in workroom environments in the rubber industry, but most of the published exposure data relate to the production of tyres; information from the "non-tyre" sections are very limited, if any. This study was carried out to identify chemical substances and measure their air concentrations in the repair shop of a brown coal mine in which damaged rubber conveyor belts were repaired. GC-MS and HPLC analysis of stationary air samples resulted in identification of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons to C12, PAHs, alcohols, phenols, ketones, heterocyclic nitrogen and sulfur compounds. Quantitative evaluation of occupational exposure included determination of organic compound vapours collected on charcoal (GC-MSD), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPLC), N-nitrosoamines and other amines (GC-NPD) and DNPH derivatives of aldehydes (HPLC) in the breathing zone of workers representing all job titles. The concentrations of investigated compounds were very low. Carcinogenic substances: N-nitrosoamines, benzene, PAHs were not present in workroom air in concentrations exceeding limits of detection of the analytical methods being applied; concentrations of methylisobutylketone, tetrachloroethylene, naphtha, aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates and aldehydes were much lower than the respective occupational exposure limit values. The results indicate much lower exposure than that reported in the production of tyres and other fabricated rubber products.     

空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮的气相色谱法测定

本文研究采用了空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮类化合物在常温下经２，４二硝基苯肼（ＤＮＰＨ）的酸性饱和溶液吸收，分别形成各自的腙，用ＣＳ２萃取后，经气相色谱法（ＧＣＦＩＤ）以３％ＳＥ３０／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＨＰ８０１００目为固定相和载体，分离测定，对空气或废气中的甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、丁醛、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮等的测定，获得较满意的结果。     

三点比较式臭袋法测定污染源臭气的改进建议

提出采用三点比较式臭袋法测定污染源臭气样品时,可能出现因初始稀释倍数设定过高而无法准确计算结果的情况,单一的初始稀释倍数无法适用于同一批样品和低浓度样品.建议取消判定师的初步嗅辨试验环节,直接从第一级稀释倍数开始嗅辨试验,低浓度样品转为环境空气样品分析,同时实行嗅辨员分级制度.     

DNPH衍生化采样-溶剂解析-高效液相色谱法同时测定木制品中25种醛酮化合物

建立了DNPH衍生化采样-溶剂解析-高效液相色谱测定木制品中醛酮化合物的方法。采样时需在2,4-二硝基苯肼吸附管前串联一只SEP-PAK脱臭氧小柱;采样体积应≤10 L,流量≤400 m L/min。该法对25种醛(酮)化合物对应的衍生物分离效果良好,在0.005~3 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数R2≥0.999 6,回收率为85.3%~113.5%,精密度为2.67%~4.56%。采样量为10 L时,25种醛(酮)化合物的检出限和定量限分别≤0.16和0.50μg/m3。     

Volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media

Growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. Both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. Microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. A mixture of five fungi, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi were grown on three different humid building materials (pinewood, particle board and gypsum board) and on one synthetic medium. Six different sampling methods were used, to be able to collect both non-reactive volatile organic compounds and reactive compounds such as volatile amines, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, mass spectrometry was used for identification of compounds. The main microbially produced metabolites found on pinewood were ketones (e.g. 2-heptanone) and alcohols (e.g. 2-methyl-1-propanol). Some of these compounds were also found on particle board, gypsum board and the synthetic medium, but there were more differences than similarities between the materials. For example, dimethoxymethane and 1,3,5-trioxepane and some nitrogen containing compounds were found only on particle board. The metabolite production on gypsum board was very low, although some terpenes (e.g. 3-carene) could be identified as fungal metabolites. On all materials, except gypsum board, the emission of aldehydes decreased during microbial growth. No low molecular weight carboxylic acids were identified.     

Qualitative Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Outdoor and Indoor Air

The present work attempts to identify VOC's in outdoor and indoor air in Mumbai City India. Ambient air was adsorbed on especially fabricated stainless steel cartridge packed with activated coconut charcoal at uniform flow rate. Qualitative identification of VOC's was done by thermally desorbing air from the cartridges and subsequent analysis on Varian GC-MS using NIST Library. The outdoor monitoring locations include residential area, commercial area, industrial, airport, petrol pumps, traffic junctions, arterial roads, highways, slums, parking area, service garages and municipal dump sites. The indoor locations comprised of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned offices, bedrooms, shops and instrumentation laboratory. The identified VOC's include aldehydes, ketones, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic acids, oxygenated hydrocarbons, amines, esters and halogenated compounds. Thirteen VOCs in outdoor air and seven in indoor air amongst those identified, figure in the list of Hazardous Air Pollutants listed in Title III of the U.S. EPA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.     

Seasonal Variation of Toxic Benzene Emissions in Petroleum Refinery

Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for the emission of several pollutants into the atmosphere. Benzene is among the most important air pollutants that are emitted by petroleum refineries, since they are involved in almost every refinery process. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major group of air pollutants, which play a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which are harmful to ecosystem, human health and atmosphere. The variability of pollutants is an important factor in determining human exposure to these chemicals. The ambient air concentrations of benzene were measured in several sites around the Digboi petroleum refinery, near the city of Gowahati in northeast India, during winter and summer 2004. The seasonal and spatial variations of the ambient air concentrations of this benzene were investigated and analyzed. An estimation of the contribution of the refinery to the measured atmospheric levels of benzene was also performed. The ambient air mixing ratios of benzene in a large area outside the refinery was generally low, in ppbv range, much lower than the ambient air quality standards. This article presents the temporal and spatial variation of air pollution in and around petroleum refinery and showed that no health risk due to benzene is present in the areas adjacent to the refinery.     

南京市臭氧、VOCs和PANs污染特征及变化趋势

对2013—2016年基于国家环境空气质量监测站以及省建大气多参数站所获取的南京市O_3、NO_2、CO、VOCs、PANs观测结果进行综合评价,结果表明:2016年南京市O_3第90百分位日最大8 h平均质量浓度比2013年上升33.3%,超标天数中O_3引起的超标占比增至32.0%。南京市区大气中非甲烷总烃冬季浓度高于夏季,含氧挥发性有机物则与之相反;在5—9月,含氧挥发性有机物组分在日变化过程中出现峰值的时间先后顺序依次为醚、醛、酮类,且O_3和过氧乙酰硝酸酯(PANs)生成存在有一定的线性关系。VOCs/NOx比值表明南京市处于VOCs控制区,因此对NO_2浓度下降不敏感,植物源挥发性有机物连续3年上升,夏季大气光化学反应活性未显著下降,这些现象是城市O_3浓度维持在较高水平的重要因素。