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1.
研究了便携式X荧光光谱仪(PXRF)测定土壤中砷、铅、铬、铜、锌和镍的性能,评估其检出限、精密度和准确度,探索了土壤水分和粒径对测定结果的影响程度,并与常规实验室分析方法测定结果进行比对。结果表明,PXRF测定土壤中砷、铅、铬、铜、锌和镍的检出限为5~15mg/kg,标准物质测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)≤8.6%,相对误差在±15%以内。随着土壤水分含量的增加,各金属元素测定结果均呈下降趋势,而RSD有上升趋势。土壤粒径对测定结果的影响较小,随着土壤粒径减少,各金属元素测定结果的RSD略有下降趋势。PXRF可以简单、快速地测定多种重金属元素,适用于污染地块重金属元素的现场实时监测。  相似文献   

2.
中国现行的固体废物氰化物总量和氰化物浸出毒性的分析方法存在缺陷,不便于广泛指导监测工作,笔者优化了固体废物氰化物测定的前处理方法,明确了固体废物氰化物总量、氰化物浸出毒性测定时的样品粒径、浸提方法和消解方法,建立了容量法、分光光度法、流动注射法测定固体废物氰化物总量和浸出毒性的方法,并与标准方法(离子色谱法)进行比较。实验结果表明:容量法、分光光度法、流动注射法测定结果与离子色谱法无显著差异,3种方法测定固体废物氰化物总量加标回收率为80.5%~102%,平行样测定相对标准偏差为3.0%~6.9%,3种方法测定固体废物氰化物浸出毒性加标回收率为80.1%~107%,平行样测定相对标准偏差为7.8%~9.5%,3种方法测定结果精密度和准确度良好,均能够满足固体废物氰化物总量和氰化物浸出毒性的测定要求。其中容量法、分光光度法由于其仪器设备简单、操作简便,可用于突发环境事件应急监测等情况下固体废物氰化物的测定。但容量法检出限较高,不能满足评价标准较低的分析测试工作要求,离子色谱法、分光光度法和流动注射法检出限均能满足一般分析测试要求。  相似文献   

3.
气相色谱法测定水样中元素磷   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文研究了用气相色谱法测定水样中元素磷。该方法灵敏度高,再现性好,简便快速,水中各种污染物不干扰测定。本方法的检出浓度为0.25μg/L,适用于测定生产黄磷的行业排放的废水以及测定受元素磷污染的水体。  相似文献   

4.
用正交试验确定游离性余氯最佳测定条件   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在用DPD光度法测定水中余氯时,对水样的pH值、显色时间、显色剂用量和反应温度进行了研究,通过正交试验系统地分析了各因素影响测定结果准确性的程度,并获得最佳的反应条件,表明在该条件下测定水中余氯的准确性优于其他条件下测定的结果。  相似文献   

5.
本文讨论了角膜电极测定生化需氧量(BOD5)方法与传统碘量法的比较。两家实验室的验证结果表明,对于地表水和废水的测定,两种方法测得结果没有明显差异,用膜电极法测定BOD5方法的精密度和准确度可以满足实际样品的测定。  相似文献   

6.
海水总磷(TP)是海洋生态环境的重要监测指标,传统的海水TP测定方法为国标法——《海洋调查规范 海水总磷测定 过硫酸钾法》(GB/T 12763.4—2007),目前许多海域水体TP质量浓度均超出国标法的检测范围,在检测过程中需要进行稀释,过程烦琐且易影响测定结果的准确性,常用的其他方法也存在不适用于TP的快速连续测定且测定成本较高的问题。基于过硫酸根离子氧化磷化合物生成磷酸根离子的原理,探究海水TP测定的反应体系的影响因素,研究结果表明:过硫酸钾质量浓度为40 g/L,抗坏血酸质量浓度为54 g/L,钼酸铵质量浓度为37.5 g/L,酒石酸氧锑钾质量浓度为1.75 g/L,消解时间为30 min,为小体系海水TP测定新方法的最佳反应条件。通过正交验证及F与t检验,证明所建立的海水TP测定新方法与国标法的测定结果具有较高的拟合度。此外,TP测定新方法的浓度上限为28.8 μmol/L,与国标法相比,提高了4.5倍。新方法反应体系小,检测浓度范围广,能够减少检测过程中因梯度稀释步骤带来的误差,方法准确性高,为海水TP的测定提供了新的选择。  相似文献   

7.
通过测定深圳某河流水样中的主要成分,确定ICP—MS碰撞模式测定se的主要基体干扰,并对碰撞气流量进行条件优化和水样基体干扰消除试验,确定当氦气流量为3.0L/min时,测定77Se的干扰能基本被消除。该方法测定实际水样的结果与原子荧光法的测定值无显著差异。  相似文献   

8.
分光光度法测定染色废水的色度   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为消除测定染色废水色度的主观误差,采用分光光度法测定染色废水的色度,与稀释倍数法相比,具有精确,重现性好,适用范围广等特点,PH值对色度的测定有明显影响,控制PH值为7.60,测定色度具有可比性。  相似文献   

9.
水中铬的测定有一定的技术难度。本文采用原子吸收测定方法,以铵盐作基体改进剂,可以有效地抑制铁与镍对水中铬的干扰。在仪器最佳工作条件下,对混合标准样进行了对比测定,获得了满意的测定结果  相似文献   

10.
采用异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法测定水中氰化物,用“84”消毒液替代氯胺T,解决了氯胺T易失效的问题。用碘量法测定消毒液的有效氯质量浓度,通过绘制校准曲线,确定最适宜的有效氯溶液质量浓度为200 mg/L。方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD<5%,标准样品测定值均在保证值范围内,与标准方法测定值之间无显著性差异。  相似文献   

11.
“入世”对我国环境监测工作的影响及对策初探   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
加入 WTO后 ,我国环境监测工作将面临重大的挑战和机遇 ,文章初步分析了入世对我国环境监测工作的正负面影响以及现存的若干问题 ,积极探索了环境监测工作的新战略和新思路 ,提出了创建新体制和适应新形势的对策。  相似文献   

12.
“十四五”时期是我国全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后,乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的第一个五年,我国将进入新发展阶段。通过研究新发展阶段需求,分析生态环境监测存在的问题和短板,指出在职能转变、“减污降碳”、“真、准、全”等方面距离深入治污攻坚要求存在的差距,并以新发展理念为指导,研究提出生态环境监测体系与监测能力现代化建设的内涵实质、重要基础以及关键突破口,为加快构建生态环境监测新发展格局提供参考。  相似文献   

13.
Weighting is one of the steps in life cycle impact assessment that integrates various characterized environmental impacts as a single index. Weighting factors should be based on the society's preferences. However, most previous studies consider only the opinion of some people. Thus, this research proposes a new weighting method that determines the weighting factors of environmental impact categories by considering public opinion on environmental impacts using the Internet search volumes for relevant terms. To validate the new weighting method, the weighting factors for six environmental impacts calculated by the new weighting method were compared with the existing weighting factors. The resulting Pearson's correlation coefficient between the new and existing weighting factors was from 0.8743 to 0.9889. It turned out that the new weighting method presents reasonable weighting factors. It also requires less time and lower cost compared to existing methods and likewise meets the main requirements of weighting methods such as simplicity, transparency, and reproducibility. The new weighting method is expected to be a good alternative for determining the weighting factor.  相似文献   

14.
离子色谱分析中的几个问题探讨   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
在掌握离子色谱技术最新发展动态的基础上,对离子色谱的新进展、前处理新技术、常用的改善分离度方法、若干注意事项、常遇到的问题等进行了分析探讨,以期用离子色谱技术更多更好地解决实际问题.  相似文献   

15.
A study was conducted at three sampling regions along the Rio Negro and surrounding Puraquequara Lake, Amazonas, Brazil. The aim was to determine the influence of the local effects of climatic and hydrological variables on new malaria cases. Data was gathered on the river level, precipitation, air temperature, and the number of new cases of autochthonous malaria between January 2003 and December 2013. Monthly averages, time series decompositions, cross-correlations, and multiple regressions revealed different relationships at each location. The sampling region in the upper Rio Negro indicated no statistically significant results. However, monthly averages suggest that precipitation and air temperature correlate positively with the occurrence of new cases of malaria. In the mid Rio Negro and Puraquequara Lake, the river level positively correlated, and temperature negatively correlated with new transmissions, while precipitation correlated negatively in the mid Rio Negro and positively on the lake. Overall, the river level is a key variable affecting the formation of breeding sites, while precipitation may either develop or damage them. A negative temperature correlation is associated with the occurrence of new annual post-peak cases of malaria, when the monthly average exceeds 28.5 °C. This suggests that several factors contribute to the occurrence of new malaria cases as higher temperatures are reached at the same time as precipitation and the river levels are lowest. Differences between signals and correlation lags indicate that local characteristics have an impact on how different variables influence the disease vector’s life cycle, pathogens, and consequently, new cases of malaria.  相似文献   

16.
稀释倍数法的误差分析和色度检测仪的开发   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
稀释倍数法是目前废水色度检测中常用的方法,文章对该方法存在的误差进行了分析,并设计了一种新型色度检测仪,可以大大降低色度测定的误差,同时简化了操作过程。  相似文献   

17.
目前我国已发布实施了一些新烟度排放、测量和仪器标准,并规定烟度符号采用SF,烟度单位为FSN。但由于尚未发布实施新的标准烟度卡,而仍然使用旧的标准烟度卡(烟度值为Rb),因此给烟度测量造成了一定的误差。本文论述了旧标准烟度卡烟度值Rb与新标准烟度值SF之间的关系  相似文献   

18.
随着城市建设发展,城市建成区不断扩大,在空气质量监测中,旧的城区监测点位很难准确反映新的区域内的空气质量时空变化,文章尝试在新的发展区建立一个数学模型,预测新区域内有代表性的某一特征监测点浓度,与旧城区监测点位优选点共同构成整个区域的空气质量监测系统。  相似文献   

19.
In a recent publication, we discussed and presented a semi-empirical phytoplankton primary production model. In the present paper, our main purpose is to determine how the algorithms of a primary production model change when different values of specific absorption coefficient by phytoplankton are used in the model. A new version of our earlier model was quantified for this purpose. Differences between the previous and the new models are as follows: (a) the spectra of the specific absorption coefficient of light by phytoplankton differ in the new model from those used in the previous model, and (b) the quantification of the new model brings about a change in the parameters of the algorithm for the quantum yield of carbon fixation. We compared the results of primary production profiles obtained by the new model with those measured in situ and also with the values obtained by the previous model. Due to an adequate choice of quantification parameters, both the old and new models give rather close values of phytoplankton primary production. In the present study, the computational algorithms of both models have been automated. The resulting programs calculate the temporal–spatial variability of phytoplankton primary production, providing hourly values from morning to evening, daily sums, and monthly sums. The input of a table of initial parameters and selected depths produces rapid calculations of the model's results, which are given as vertical profiles of primary production and areal values.  相似文献   

20.
Canada's current National Forest Inventory is a periodic compilation of existing inventory material from across the country. While the current approach has many advantages, it lacks information on the nature and rate of changes to the resource, and does not permit projections or forecasts. Beinga compilation of inventories of different dates, the current national forest inventory cannot reflect the current state ofthe forests and therefore cannot be used as a satisfactory baseline for monitoring change. The current format of Canada's National Forest Inventory has served its purpose by providingnational statistical compilations and reporting. However, itsuseful life is coming to a conclusion. To meet new demands, Canada is considering a new National Forest Inventory design consisting of a plot-based system of permanent observational units located on a national grid. The objective of the new inventory design is to assess and monitor the extent, state andsustainability of Canada's forests in a timely and accurate manner. Details of the new inventory design are described. A strategy to respond to Canada's national and international forest reporting commitments through a National Forest Information System is also discussed.  相似文献   

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