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1.
阐述了反硝化除磷的基本机理与特点,介绍了基于反硝化除磷理论研发出的单污泥工艺和双污泥工艺流程,比较了各类工艺的优缺点,提出了相应的优化改进措施。分析了反硝化除磷系统的主要影响因素,包括碳源种类、pH值、电子受体、C/P比、污泥龄等,提出了将处于实验阶段的新型工艺投入运行、探究多因素对系统脱氮除磷的综合影响等后续研究展望。  相似文献   

2.
采用统计学方法对新疆某污水处理厂A2/O工艺进行进水水质数据分析,发现数据存在严重自相关现象,运用主成分消除法和岭回归消除法以消除自相关性。结果表明:TN和TP是污水厂提标改造的关键;碳源匮乏和缺氧区存在溶解氧(DO)是TN去除不佳的主要原因;适当提高污泥浓度(MLSS)和水力停留时间(HRT)是强化TP去除的措施;温度是影响脱氮除磷的主要因素。将温度模型与自相关磷模型相结合,可提高磷模型精度,有利于出水TP的预测。降低DO、增加外碳源,控制MLSS为3 500 mg/L~4 500 mg/L、HRT为5.4 h~8.0 h、厌氧区和好氧区DO为0.3 mg/L和2 mg/L、污泥龄(SRT)为11 d~12 d,可提升工艺脱氮除磷效果。  相似文献   

3.
有机污水生物脱氮除磷的生化机理、影响因素及工艺   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
重点介绍有机污水用生物法脱氮除磷的生化机理,同时叙述了该法的影响因素及工艺,指出该法因工艺简单、灵活和处理能力强,已成为近年来污水处理的重要方法并得到广泛应用。  相似文献   

4.
为系统研究厌氧污泥回流比对生物除磷效果的影响,本文以实际生活污水作为研究水样,研究不同污泥回流比下厌氧段对COD、N、P的去除效果,深入研究污泥回流比对生物强化除磷代谢过程的影响。结果表明,在厌氧环境中污泥回流比对NH3-N的去除没有明显影响,但对硝态氮、TP、COD的去除影响较大。最佳回流污泥比应控制在60%~80%左右,在这两个工况下,PAO释磷量能达到24.13mg/L,这样能使PAO在厌氧池有效地利用碳源,充分释磷,从而提高除磷效率,同时应控制最佳厌氧有效时间为2~3h,如果厌氧时间过长或者过短都对PAO释磷产生一定的负作用。  相似文献   

5.
配制模拟生活污水,利用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)反应器在连续曝气条件下进行好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)的培养,研究完全好氧〖JP2〗模式下AGS的快速培养及其同步脱氮除碳特性。结果表明:污泥第7天即出现颗粒化,平均粒径032 mm,〖JP〗连续曝气SBR中NH3〖FK(W。*9〗〖CD*2〗〖FK)〗N、TN、COD的去除率分别为953%、774%、975%;高通量测序分析结果显示,相较接种絮状污泥,与颗粒化相关的丝状菌属、动胶菌属丰度显著提高,HN-AD菌作为脱氮功能微生物,其物种多样性也得以丰富。  相似文献   

6.
两级SBR工艺处理小城镇生活污水的试验研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用两级SBR1工艺对小城镇生活污水进行了试验研究。结果表明,先通过SBR1反应器对污水起到平衡,均化作用。再通过SBR2反应器实现污水的脱氮除磷,使出水CODcr浓度为21-43mg/L。去除率达到85%-93%;出水NH3-N浓度为3.3-9.5mg/L,去除率达到65%-81%;出水TP浓度为0.32-0.63mg/L,去除率达到87%-95%。  相似文献   

7.
目前,短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术作为一种高效的方法,在国内外氮和磷的污染控制中广泛运用。文章综述了短程硝化反硝化的研究现状、影响因素,介绍了加入不同抑制剂后短程硝化反硝化的效果,为今后实现更高效、更广泛的短程硝化生物脱氮技术提供参考和支持。  相似文献   

8.
采用投加悬浮填料方法和高通量测序技术研究新疆干旱寒冷地区污水处理厂的硝化、反硝化速率及生物膜菌群。结果表明,环境温度与水温具有良好的相关性;悬浮填料对氨氮和NO-3-N均有降解作用,平均去除率分别为75.72%和81.42%;悬浮填料填充率在20%~30%、曝气量在6.0 m3/h~6.5 m3/h时,总氮平均去除率为75%。变形菌门和拟杆菌门为生物膜的优势菌,绿弯菌门和黄杆菌门与污泥膨胀有关,装甲菌门是导致脱氮不佳的细菌。  相似文献   

9.
高产水稻田氮磷排放监测及特征分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
通过设立田间定位监测点,对高产水稻田的水及氮、磷的输入和排出进行了3年的定点监测,根据监测结果分析了稻田的氮、磷迁移特征和规律。结果表明,每667m^2稻田氮排出量约3000g,磷排出量约82g;随降雨及灌溉水带人的氮约1600g,磷约59g;两者相抵,表观净排出氮约为1400g,磷约23g。稻田氮、磷排出与稻田排水量及基面肥施用量有关。改进稻田氮肥施用时间和施用方法,合理管理稻田水量,减少排水,是减少高产水稻田氮、磷排放的关键技术措施。  相似文献   

10.
采用DPeRS模型对淮河流域氮、磷面源污染空间特征进行遥感像元尺度解析,并对"十三五"《重点流域水污染防治规划》中划定的淮河流域235个控制单元进行面源污染优先控制单元分析。结果表明,淮河流域2016年TN和TP面源污染排放量分别为44. 99和2. 44万t,入河量分别为27. 72和1. 27万t;空间分布上,淮河流域的东部和南部氮、磷污染程度较为显著,北部污染程度较轻;农田径流型是淮河流域最主要的氮、磷面源污染源,均占到总污染量90%以上,是该流域氮、磷面源污染防治优先控制的污染源,对于TN指标次要影响类型为城镇地表径流,对于TP指标次要影响类型为畜禽养殖;筛选出淮河流域TN和TP面源污染优先控制单元分别为164和185个,面积占比分别为75. 3%和85. 0%。  相似文献   

11.
建立了不经衍生直接测定水体中五氯酚钠残留量的气相色谱-电子捕获(GC-ECD)方法。用乙酸乙酯提取目标化合物,浓缩后上机测定。五氯酚钠标准溶液的线性范围在0.35~400μg/L之间,相关系数为0.9992;池塘水中五氯酚钠的添加浓度为1.0、5.0、10.0μg/L时,其加标回收率为95.8%~98.7%,相对标准偏差≤3.6%;检出限(信噪比为3时)为0.35μg/L,定量限(信噪比为10时)为1.0μg/L。  相似文献   

12.
在氢氧化钠介质中,基于甲基紫与十二烷基磺酸钠的显色反应,建立了甲基紫光度法测定水中十二烷基磺酸钠的方法,确定了最佳试验条件,试验了共存离子的影响。方法在0mg/L-48mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.190mg/L,应用于模拟水样和环境水样中十二烷基磺酸钠的测定,结果与国标方法亚甲蓝法相吻合。  相似文献   

13.
通过实验证明使用低浓度的硫代硫酸的钠标液时,可用已配制标定好的硫代硫酸钠标准贮备液直接稀释使用,不需重新标定。此法切实可行,完全能满足样品分析的要求,既省时省力,又节约试剂,值得推广。  相似文献   

14.
原子吸收光谱法测定酸雨中K、Na、Ca、Mg方法改进   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用0.1%硝酸溶液配制混合标准溶液,不加抗干扰试剂,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定酸雨中K、Na、Ca、Mg,方法精密度、准确度满足酸雨监测的分析要求。  相似文献   

15.
微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜锌铅镉镍铬   总被引:24,自引:5,他引:24       下载免费PDF全文
用微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定土壤中铜,锌,铅,镉,镍和铬。通过硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液对土壤样品消解,选择出微波最佳消解条件。对硝酸-盐酸-过氧化氢体系消解液和硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系消解液进行消解对比试验,发现前者不能将土壤样品完全消解,后者能将样品消解完全,但需将消解液中剩余的酸赶尽,否则测定结果将明显偏低。微波消解土壤与传统电热消解相比,操作简便快速,可提高工作效率。  相似文献   

16.
Material Disposal Area G is the primary low-levelradioactive waste disposal site at Los Alamos NationalLaboratory, New Mexico, and is adjacent to Pueblo of SanIldefonso lands. Pueblo residents and Los Alamos scientists areconcerned about radiological doses resulting from uptake of AreaG radionuclides by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) andRocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus), then consumption ofdeer and elk meat by humans. Tissue samples were collected fromdeer and elk accidentally killed near Area G and were analyzedfor 3H, 90Sr, total U, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu,241Am, and 137Cs. These data were used to estimatehuman doses based on meat consumption of 23 kg y-1. Humandoses were also modeled using RESRAD, and dose rates to deer andelk were estimated with a screening model. Dose estimates tohumans from tissue consumption were 2.9 × 10-3 mSv y-1and 1.6 × 10-3 mSv y-1 from deer and elk, respectively,and RESRAD dose estimates were of the same order of magnitude. Estimated dose rates to deer and elk were 2.1 × 10-4 mGyd-1 and 4.7 × 10-4 mGy d-1, respectively. Allestimated doses were significantly less than established exposurelimits or guidelines.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> -1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.  相似文献   

18.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns. As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment. To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties. This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making, expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian) approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally, we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated, practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the readers to future research.   相似文献   

19.
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.  相似文献   

20.
This paper gives mathematical details and sample applications of SWAGMAN Farm (SWAGMAN, Salt Water and Groundwater Management), a farm-scale hydrologic economic model that integrates agronomic, climatic, irrigation, hydrogeological and economic aspects of irrigated agriculture. The model is capable of determining optimum mix of land use to keep watertable and soil salinity within acceptable limits while maximising the economic returns. Alternatively, the model can simulate water and salt balance and economics of a given cropping preference. Web-based and Geographic Information Systems versions of the model are available for integration with the environmental reporting systems of the irrigation areas.  相似文献   

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