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1.
基于2019年和2020年鄱阳湖流域降水及水质监测数据,利用线性倾向估计法和累积距平法对2020年汛期暴雨情景下的湖区及入湖河流开展水质时空分布特征及污染成因分析,量化湖区地表水水质评价指标在不同降水量级情景下的响应。结果表明:①从时间上看,TP为主要超标污染物。2020年汛期,出湖口水质为Ⅲ类的月份占比同比上升8.3%,有机污染强度同比显著加重,暴雨情景下的指标浓度变幅大于非汛期降水情景。②从空间上看,湖区水质自南向北改善明显。入湖支流汛期水质主要受有机污染强度增加的影响而有所下降,TP浓度在南部入湖口和出湖口变幅较小,NH3-N浓度与场次降水量存在强正相关性,污染负荷变化对场次暴雨量的累积响应较同步且迅速。③降水量级会影响污染来源结构。暴雨洪水的稀释作用可能是湖区水质年内波动的主要控制因素,暴雨可能导致湖体出现富营养化。  相似文献   

2.
巢湖流域水质状况与环境目标可达性分析   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9  
对巢湖湖区、巢湖环湖河流水质现状及变化趋势进行了调查。结果表明。“九五”以来,巢湖湖区水体以劣Ⅴ类为主;2000年以来,巢湖主要环湖河流中,南淝河、十五里河、派河和双桥河入湖常年水质为劣Ⅴ类,其主要污染物为氨氮。巢湖流域水体污染特征为:城市河段污染较重。点源污染较为集中;面源和生活污染贡献较大;从1998年以来,TP与TN质量浓度值一直处于较高水平。巢湖流域水质环境目标可达性分析表明,巢湖湖区整体上尚不能达到规划的目标。到2005年东半湖能稳定达标。南淝河能否实现达标排放。取决于合肥市的污水处理率及处理效果。十五里河、派河、双桥河水质受点源控制,只要加强管理,可达规划的目标。  相似文献   

3.
以长兴县入太湖的泗安塘-合溪-乌溪河网为研究对象,将入湖河网划分为水源区、河网区、西苕溪区和入湖区,于2018年8月和2019年1月分别对长兴县入太湖河网丰水期和枯水期的水质状况进行了调查,采用空间聚类法、水质标识指数对水质的时空分布进行评价。结果表明,长兴入太湖河网不同片区氨氮(NH3-N)和总氮(TN)的质量浓度平均值呈现枯水期较丰水期高的特征,而高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和总磷(TP)则呈现丰水期较枯水期高的特征。空间聚类分析结果表明,水质指标分布具有明显的空间差异性,呈现水源区>西苕溪区>河网区>入湖区的分布特征,入湖区是污染物聚集的主要区域。综合水质标识指数分析结果表明,长兴入太湖河网主要以Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类水为主;单因子水质标识指数分析结果表明,溶解氧(DO)、CODMn、NH3-N、TP指标均优于Ⅲ类水标准,TN是入太湖河网的特征污染物,且在丰水期和枯水期质量浓度平均值分别达到2.24,3.49 mg/L。因此,进一步削减氮污染是缓解其河网富营养化的关键。  相似文献   

4.
以2020年1—12月太湖主要入湖河流殷村港水质自动监测站的监测数据及2020年太湖水位资料为依据,构建了一维水量水质耦合数学模型,建立了入河污染负荷通量与入湖控制断面水质响应关系,以入太湖控制断面殷村港站达Ⅲ类水质水为目标,模拟计算了殷村港站主要污染物入湖水质变化过程。结果表明,殷村港站高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等水质指标浓度最大值均明显的降低,其中氨氮浓度降低幅度相对较大,主要集中于3—6月;高锰酸盐指数和总磷日均入河污染负荷通量变化相对较小,氨氮日均入河污染负荷通量降低幅度相对较大;殷村港站高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等水质指标年入河污染负荷削减量分别为24.17,41.43,3.87 t。提出,基于核算出的削减量需进一步结合污染负荷通量过程和污染源溯源分析,确定不同水质指标下入河污染负荷控制方向,为科学合理规划殷村港主要污染物的入河污染负荷总量控制提供科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
太湖主要入湖河流排污控制量研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
利用2006—2008年的监测数据对太湖主要入湖河流的水环境状况进行了分析,通过对研究区工业污染源、农业污染源和城镇生活污水排污的分布以及入河情况的调查,对各种污染源的入河量进行了计算,根据确定的水质目标,分别计算出主要入湖河流以及区域水系的水环境容量和排污控制量。结果表明:15条主要入湖河流超标现象显著,近3a来污染程度有所波动,N、P污染最为严重。研究区内污染物入河量较大,未接管的生活源污染物入河量所占比重最大,各类污染物均在50%~60%之间;张家港市的污染物入河量最大,各类污染物所占比重达总入河量的18%~20%。研究区内河网密布,水环境容量分布不均匀,望虞河、直湖港、武进港等7条河流水环境容量较大,张家港市区域水环境容量较大。为保证水质达标,研究区内近期共须削减CODCr66554.38t/a、NH4-N8105.71t/a、TP1324.42t/a;远期共须削减CODCr96719.08t/a、NH4-N11541.45t/a、TP1788.71t/a。  相似文献   

6.
“确保饮用水安全,确保太湖水质有所改善,实现主要人湖河流劣V类水体数量下降,污染物人湖总量下降和湖体富营养化指数下降。到2009年底,53个国家考核断面水质达标率达到国家考核要求;入湖河流水质全年月均值劣V类的数量下降到20%以下;主要污染物COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷入湖总量比上年下降5%。”近日召开的江苏省环保局长会议为2009年太湖治理描绘了新的目标。  相似文献   

7.
基于可获取的太湖国控监测点位总氮监测数据,分析了1987—2016年太湖总氮浓度变化趋势。结果表明,近30年来,太湖湖体总氮浓度年均值在1.74~3.88 mg/L之间,总体呈先上升、后下降的波动变化趋势,1996年浓度达历史峰值;其变化具体可分为上升期、波动期、下降期三个阶段,约以10年为一个阶段。分湖区分析,西部湖区、北部湖区2000—2016年总氮年均浓度与全湖总氮浓度呈明显的正相关,为影响湖体总氮浓度的主要湖区。总氮多年月均值浓度变化显示,2000—2016年湖体总氮多年月均值年内呈较明显的季节变化规律,月均最大值、最小值分别出现在3月和9月。空间变化分析表明,西部湖区的宜武片区及南部湖区的湖州长兴片区为湖体总氮的两个污染扩散核心。湖体总氮主要受15条主要入湖河流汇入影响,这些河流总氮年均浓度整体高于湖体,是太湖总氮治理的重点。  相似文献   

8.
滇池东南岸农业和富磷区入湖河流地表径流及污染特征   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
应用聚类分析与因子分析方法,通过8次常规监测,对滇池东南岸10条以农业面源和受磷矿开采区影响的入湖河流的地表径流及其水质污染特征进行了分析,并探讨了其空间差异性。在南岸选取降雨过程相同的3条河流,开展暴雨径流监测,探讨污染物在降雨过程中的流失特征。结果表明,新宝象河的平均流量为2.6 m3/s,占总入湖流量的26.5%;总氮、总磷、化学需氧量、悬浮物是滇池的主要污染指标,许多河流均已严重超标。河流水质在空间上可分为3类,具有明显的空间差异性。总氮、总磷、溶解磷、硝态氮对水质污染的贡献率达到了53.636%,氮、磷含量是河流水质污染的主要贡献因子。降雨条件下化学需氧量、悬浮物浓度增长迅速,流量、悬浮物与大多数水质指标均有相关性,磷矿开采对河流水质的影响在降雨条件下更加明显,其悬浮物浓度在降雨条件下比只受农业面源影响的河流最高高出1.9倍。  相似文献   

9.
太湖入湖河流水环境综合治理   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
简述了太湖入湖河流水污染控制的基本思路、关键环节和主要方法。分析了太湖流域15条主要入湖河流规划综合治理区污染源现状,提出污染控制对策建议和重点整治工程,并预测削减入湖河流的污染物总量。通过整治工程的实施,截至2009年5月,15条主要入湖河流中劣Ⅴ类水质的河流已从2007年的9条下降为3条,湖体也由中度富营养转为轻度富营养,综合治理初见成效。  相似文献   

10.
为了解饶河入鄱阳湖湖口重金属污染状况,在鄱阳湖饶河入湖段设置了3个采样点,用原子吸收分光光度计对沉积物进行了重金属Cu、Pb、Zn的测定,分析了这3种元素在各采样点的形态分布特征.结果表明:饶河人鄱阳湖口处沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn的污染较为严重,呈现出复合污染的趋势.该区域沉积物中3种元素的分布受水流的影响较大,其形态...  相似文献   

11.
滴水湖水质现状及保护初探   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
滴水湖的水源大治河水质较差,总体为V类。滴水湖生态系统脆弱,水体已呈富营养化,2006年—2008年连续3年的湖水年平均富营养化指数(TLI)均超过了70,透明度呈逐年下降趋势,氮、磷是滴水湖污染最重要的因素。据此,提出了"立法先行、加强监管、污染控制、生态修复、硬件保障、科技创新"的滴水湖水质保护思路。  相似文献   

12.
长湖流域水质时空分布特征及影响因子   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用2009—2014年长湖5个水质监测点数据,采用时间序列法分析了长湖水质的时间变化规律,采用相关性分析法,分析了流域水污染的影响因子。结果表明:在时间上,长湖水污染物质量浓度季节变化明显,COD、TN、NH3-N均为7、9月较低,1、3月较高,丰水期水质好于枯水期。入湖地区TP质量浓度7月达最高值,且7月份入湖地区的桥河口、关沮口的NH3-N、TN含量稍高于5月。空间上,西北部入湖地区水质劣于湖心及东南部出湖地区。工业、生活等点源污水,以耕地为主的农业非点源以及天然降水量和径流量是影响水质的主要因素,入湖排污量、降水量和径流量与长湖水质呈显著相关关系(P0.05)。  相似文献   

13.
阳澄湖是太湖平原上第三大淡水湖泊和苏州市重要的综合水源.从2004年3-10月对阳澄湖进行了3次浮游植物的调查,共发现浮游植物8门83属211种(包括变种),其中阳澄西湖71属153种、阳澄中湖68属140种、阳澄东湖74属151种.并利用浮游植物的生物学多样性指数对阳澄湖进行了水质评价,该水体整体处于重污染状态,且污...  相似文献   

14.
The usefulness of water quality indices, as the indicators of water pollution, for assessment of spatial-temporal changes and classification of river water qualities was verified. Four water quality indices were investigated: WQI (considering 18 water quality parameters), WQI(min) and WQI(m) (considering five water quality parameters: temperature, pH, DO, EC and TSS) and WQI(DO) (considering a single parameter, DO). The water quality indices WQI(min), WQI(m) and WQI(DO) could be of particular interest for the developing countries because of the minimum analytical cost involved. As a case study, water quality indices were used to evaluate spatial and temporal changes of the water quality in the Bagmati river basin (Nepal) for the study period 1999-2003. The results allowed us to determine the serious negative effects of the city urban activity on the river water quality. In the studied section of the river, the water quality index (WQI) was 71 units (classified as good) at the entry station and 47.6 units (classified as bad) at the outlet station. For the studied period, a significant decrease in water quality (mean WQI decrease = 11.6%, p = 0.042) was observed in the rural areas. A comparative analysis revealed that the urban water quality was significantly bad as compared with rural. The analysis enabled to classify the water quality stations into three groups: good water quality, medium water quality and bad water quality. WQI(min) resulted in overestimation of the water quality but with similar trend as with WQI and is useful for the periodic routine monitoring program. The correlation of WQI with WQI(min) and DO resulted two new indices WQI(m) and WQI(DO), respectively. The classification of waters based on WQI(m) and WQI(DO) coincided in 90 and 93% of the samples, respectively.  相似文献   

15.
鄱阳湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
通过分析鄱阳湖沉积物重金属空间分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,并探讨了主要重金属污染来源。结果表明:鄱阳湖沉积物7种重金属元素Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn含量平均值分别为0.67、0.078、17、51、72、42.9、117 mg/kg,除Cd外,其余6种元素均明显高于相应的背景值。从空间分布来看,Cd、Cr含量总体呈现东南、西北部偏高的现象,而Hg、Cu、Pb含量总体呈现东南部偏高的现象,As、Zn的含量分布相对平均。Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种金属元素之间存在极显著相关性,表明这些元素污染具有同源性。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,单个重金属潜在生态风险顺序为CuHgPbCdAsCrZn;从综合潜在生态风险分析来看,整个湖区的RI值为46.4~476.3,平均值为165.4,属于中等潜在生态危害,其中湖区东南部综合潜在生态风险最高。Cu、Hg、Pb等重金属主要来自乐安河流域工业排放。  相似文献   

16.
应用3S技术研究了太湖底质与水质总磷(TP)的分布情况,并结合水华频次分析了其相关性。结果表明:2016—2018年,太湖底质TP年均值在433~537 mg/kg波动,水质TP年均值从0.064 mg/L上升至0.087 mg/L。从空间分布来看,底质TP、水质TP和水华频次均呈现“西高东低”的规律,太湖西部区尤其是竺山湖区是需要开展治理的重点区域。3年间,太湖西部区水质TP上升,而底质TP与入湖河流TP下降,说明内源磷污染是太湖西部区水质TP升高的主要原因,须加强科学清淤。  相似文献   

17.
Spatial structure analysis and kriging analysis have been identified to be useful tools in illustrating the spatial patterns of variables. Taihu Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in China, and has suffered serious eutrophication in recent years due to the rapid economic development and growing environmental pollution in the Taihu Catchment. In this paper, spatial structural analysis, kriging interpolation and eutrophication assessment were carried out for chlorophyll a in the lake. Studies show that spherical model could be applied to fit all experimental variograms. Positive nuggets were observed for three directions except NE–SW direction. The variograms show some anisotropy with anisotropic ratio falling within 1.76. The spatial structural patterns of chlorophyll a in the lake were affected by factors such as distribution of pollution sources, water flow and wind. Two-dimensional ordinary block kriging was applied for interpolation process. An eutrophication assessment map was also made based on a water-quality evaluation standard. Results show that the content of chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake was quite high. The whole lake has suffered serious eutrophication. However, the eutrophic situation varied in space. Higher contents of chlorophyll a appeared mainly in the northern part of the lake.  相似文献   

18.
Large-scale industrialization, population inflow, and rapid urbanization coupled with unfavorable meteorological conditions often induce significant degradation of urban environment. In order to assess the extent of environmental impacts due to establishment of the Integrated Industrial Estate??Pantnagar (IIE-Pantnagar), ambient air and groundwater were monitored from June 2007 to May 2008. Collected baseline information was normalized and interpreted with the application of air (AQI) and water quality indices (WQI). Among the pre-identified air pollutants, suspended particulate matter was found to be the principal culprit to deteriorate ambient air quality, with a maximum annual concentration of 418.5 ??g/m3. Monthly average concentrations of respirable particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter < 10 ??m) also persist at a critical level with an annual maximum of 207.3 ??g/m3. A segmented linear function with maximum operator concept was used to compute AQI, and the developed index was found well suitable to demonstrate temporal variations of ambient air quality. The computed AQI value for the selected study region varied from moderate (97.0) to very poor pollution level (309.2) in respect to developed air quality standards. Furthermore, an integrated WQI was developed comprising 9 parameters, and among all the 10 pre-identified locations, the average groundwater quality was found acceptable in terms of Indian drinking water standards. The maximum WQI (70.6) was found at the Kichha Railway Station during summer months, revealing moderate pollution load. Industrial discharge from IIE-Pantnagar coupled with other industrial setup may hold responsible for such kind of degradation of water quality. In contrast, WQI computed at Rudrapur City demonstrate minimum (15.0?C22.1) pollution load. For 95% of the monitoring period, the computed WQI was found acceptable for all selected locations with few exceptions. The application of WQI to assess temporal variations in groundwater quality was therefore found satisfactory.  相似文献   

19.
Composite Water Quality Identification Index (CWQII) and multivariate statistical techniques were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of water quality in Honghu Lake. The aims are to explore the characteristics of water quality trends in annual, monthly, and site spatial distribution and to identify the main pollution factors. The results showed that the values of CWQII increased from 2.0 to 4.0 from the years 2001 to 2005, then decreased from 2006 and kept a balance between 2.0 and 3.0 from 2006 to 2011, indicating that the water quality of Honghu Lake deteriorated from 2001 to 2005 and has gradually improved since 2006, which were likely achieved after water protection measurements taken since 2004. The monthly change rules of water quality were influenced by a superposition of natural processes and human activities. In samples numbered 1–9 from upstream to downstream, the maximum values of CWQII often occurred in sample site 9 while the minimum ones often occurred in sample site 2, indicating that the water quality near the upstream tributary was the poorest and that in the core zone was the best. Incoming water from the trunk canal of the Sihu area upstream was the largest pollution source. The sensitive pollution nutrients were mainly caused by the total nitrogen, followed by the total phosphorus.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, a survey for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Chaohu Lake of China was conducted. Sixty-two surface water samples were collected from entire lake including three of its main river entrances. This is the first systematic report concerning the content, distribution, and origin of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, Zn, and Ni) in the Chaohu Lake water. The results showed that heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni) concentrations in the estuary of Nanfei River were relatively higher than those in the other areas, while content of Hg is higher in the southeast lake than northwest lake. Moreover, Cd has locally concentration in the surface water from the entire Chaohu Lake. The heavy metal average concentrations, except Hg, were lower than the cutoff values for the first-grade water quality (China Environment Quality Standard) which was set as the highest standard to protect the social nature reserves. The Hg content is between the grades three and four water quality, and other heavy metals contents are higher than background values. The aquatic environment of Chaohu Lake has apparently been contaminated. Both the cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis provide information about the origin of heavy metals in the Lake. Our findings indicated that agricultural activities and adjacent plants chimneys may contribute the most to Cd and Hg contamination of Chaohu Lake, respectively.  相似文献   

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