共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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根据苏州市8个国控大气监测站点2013—2015年的PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_3、SO_2监测数据,计算了各站点之间监测数据的相关系数;通过分析相关系数矩阵,发现苏州市大气国控点位的监测数据相关性均较高,点位设置存在一定的冗余,国控监测点位的优化调整十分必要。利用最长距离法对各站点的监测数据进行聚类分析,从而得出中心城区的点位调整方案。点位调整前后4种污染物监测数据四季平均值的相对误差均小于5%;正负偏差的二项检验结果表明,调整后未对监测结果产生显著的正/负影响。因此,经过优化的大气监测网络具有较好的客观性和代表性。 相似文献
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大气环境例行监测中点位系统偏差校正方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大气环境例行监测中点位系统偏差校正方法赵虹张国荣(辽宁丹东市环境监测站,丹东118002)①降尘校正:利用优化前4个点位48个数据样本作为自变量;优化后4个点位48个数据样本为因变量,建立一元线性回归方程:y=1.816+0.748x,式中x为优化前... 相似文献
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通过对现有技术要求的分析,指出大气污染物无组织排放监测主要技术依据中气象条件判定和监控布点存在监测时段选择不合理、条件设置不具代表性和不具可操作性等问题和难点。对此提出了相应对策,指出可通过滑动计算相关数值的方式将气象和监控布点设置条件扩展至监测全过程,使用气象条件和点位判定系统来解决上述问题和难点。对技术依据中未规定的多点和区域无组织排放源的有效监控区域确定提出了解决思路,探讨了监测全过程监控点位有效性的评价方式。通过实施示例对提出的对策进行了说明。 相似文献
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一、采样点的布设 在兰州市城区大气例行监测布点的基础上筛选确定6个不同功能特征的采样点,并避开局部污染干扰。具体点位见表1和图1。 相似文献
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会议对全省网络建设基本情况、网站设置内容落实情况、监测质量保证及网站建设中存在的问题等作了全面总结,讨论和修订了《湖北省大气环境例行监测技术规定》.省中心站还表扬了多年来不间断监测、上报数据齐全、报表清晰和规矩的网站,同时对今后网站工作提出了要求. 相似文献
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奎屯市大气降水现状分析及评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解奎屯市大气降水状况及主要污染物,奎屯市监测站于2002年对大气降水进行了为期一年的酸雨监测。本文根据监测结果,介绍了奎屯市酸雨现状,对其成因进行了分析,并提出防治酸雨污染的可行性建议。 相似文献
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Uncertainty based optimal monitoring network design for a chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated site 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sreenivasulu Chadalavada Bithin Datta Ravi Naidu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,173(1-4):929-940
An application of a newly developed optimal monitoring network for the delineation of contaminants in groundwater is demonstrated in this study. Designing a monitoring network in an optimal manner helps to delineate the contaminant plume with a minimum number of monitoring wells at optimal locations at a contaminated site. The basic principle used in this study is that the wells are installed where the measurement uncertainties are minimum at the potential monitoring locations. The development of the optimal monitoring network is based on the utilization of contaminant concentration data from an existing initial arbitrary monitoring network. The concentrations at the locations that were not sampled in the study area are estimated using geostatistical tools. The uncertainty in estimating the contaminant concentrations at such locations is used as design criteria for the optimal monitoring network. The uncertainty in the study area was quantified by using the concentration estimation variances at all the potential monitoring locations. The objective function for the monitoring network design minimizes the spatial concentration estimation variances at all potential monitoring well locations where a monitoring well is not to be installed as per the design criteria. In the proposed methodology, the optimal monitoring network is designed for the current management period and the contaminant concentration data estimated at the potential observation locations are then used as the input to the network design model. The optimal monitoring network is designed for the consideration of two different cases by assuming different initial arbitrary existing data. Three different scenarios depending on the limit of the maximum number of monitoring wells that can be allowed at any period are considered for each case. In order to estimate the efficiency of the developed optimal monitoring networks, mass estimation errors are compared for all the three different scenarios of the two different cases. The developed methodology is useful in coming up with an optimal number of monitoring wells within the budgetary limitations. The methodology also addresses the issue of redundancy, as it refines the existing monitoring network without losing much information of the network. The concept of uncertainty-based network design model is useful in various stages of a potentially contaminated site management such as delineation of contaminant plume and long-term monitoring of the remediation process. 相似文献
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国家水环境质量监测网络发展历程与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述了水环境质量监测的定义和目的,介绍了构成国家水环境质量监测网络的6个子网,即地表水环境质量监测网、地表水环境质量自动监测网、地下水环境质量监测网、饮用水源地环境质量监测网、水污染防治专项规划水体环境质量监测网和锰三角地区水环境质量监测网的发展历程与现状。指出了目前该网络存在的不足,提出建立水环境质量监测网络设计技术体系、扩大监测网覆盖面、扩展监测项目等建议。 相似文献
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Regional air quality monitoring networks (RAQMN) are urgently needed in China due to increasing regional air pollution in city clusters, arising from rapid economic development in recent decades. This paper proposes a methodological framework for site location optimization in designing a RAQMN adapting to air quality management practice in China. The framework utilizes synthetic assessment concentrations developed from simulated data from a regional air quality model in order to simplify the optimal process and to reduce costs. On the basis of analyzing various constraints such as cost and budget, terrain conditions, administrative district, population density and spatial coverage, the framework takes the maximum approximate degree as an optimization objective to achieve site location optimization of a RAQMN. An expert judgment approach was incorporated into the framework to help adjust initial optimization results in order to make the network more practical and representative. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of the framework, indicating that it is feasible to conduct site optimization for a RAQMN design in China. The effects of different combinations of primary and secondary pollutants on site location optimization were investigated. It is suggested that the network design considering both primary and secondary pollutants could better represent regional pollution characteristics and more extensively reflect temporal and spatial variations of regional air quality. The work shown in this study can be used as a reference to guide site location optimization of a RAQMN design in China or other regions of the world. 相似文献
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微塑料(粒径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒和碎片)普遍存在于水体、陆地表层土壤和空气中,严重影响着生态环境安全及人类健康。微塑料污染监测是环境污染治理与生态保护的重要数据基础。首先,在介绍国内外微塑料监测和研究进展的基础上,分析了微塑料污染的来源及其在陆地和水环境中的赋存状态、迁移转化路径。其次,分析了发达国家和地区在微塑料原位监测网布设、样品采集、分析测试和数据模型等方面的技术特征,对国内微塑料监测技术与方法进行了总结。最后,结合现阶段我国在微塑料监测和污染防治方面的不足,初步提出了针对我国微塑料污染监测技术发展和监测体系建设的对策建议,阐述了数据模型方法在微塑料污染监测中的重要作用。研究成果可为我国“十四五”期间微塑料监测网络和监测体系建设等提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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大气中消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)及其替代物监测是科学评估履约成效的重要基础。美国等发达国家针对大气中ODS及其替代物开展了长期的网络化监测,中国相关监测起步相对较晚,基础比较薄弱。该文总结了发达国家大气中ODS及其替代物的监测经验,分析了中国的监测现状及存在的问题,提出了中国大气中ODS及其替代物监测的建议:明确监测目标,推进国家大气中ODS及其替代物监测网络建设;加快相关监测设备研发及方法研究进程,形成规范统一的监测技术体系;定期开展监测数据质量评价,加强综合分析利用。通过采取相应措施,逐步形成中国履行保护臭氧层国际环境公约的监测支撑能力。 相似文献
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环境监测中确定最佳点位的关键技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
环境监测网络设计的关键问题是确定最佳的环境监测点位 ,而最优的监测点位必须既能代表所在区域环境质量的平均水平 ,又能反映该区域环境质量的变化状况。为此提出一个兼容样本贴近与相似程度的统计量——近似度 ,不仅在理论上证明了其合理性 ,而且在厦门的应用中得到满意的结果 ,从而解决了如何确定环境监测中最佳点位的问题 相似文献