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1.
通过对上海某区一年地表水手工常规监测与自动监测数据比较,对地表水环境质量评价的数据有效性进行分析,提出在丰水期(非威潮影响期)每月需监测8次(隔3日采样),在枯水期(成潮影响期)每月监测1次.定量解决了上海某区地表水环境质量评价数据有效性争议问题.  相似文献   

2.
目的:比较SimPlate监测方法与平板法用于地表水中细菌总数的监测。方法:使用爱德士复合酶底物技术(METTM)和传统方法监测地表水水样,比较SimPlate监测方法与平板法用于地表水中细菌总数监测结果的一致性。结果:对于地表水样品,两种方法具有显著的相关性,但是在统计学意义上结果一致性具有显著性差异。  相似文献   

3.
水质自动监测与常规监测结果对比分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了系统研究水质自动监测数据与常规监测数据间差异问题,选取15个运行多年的国家地表水水质自动监测站,对p H、溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、氨氮(NH_3-N)及总磷(TP)5项监测指标开展了站房外常规监测、站房内常规监测与自动监测的对比实验研究。通过分析监测结果之间相对误差、相对偏差、水质类别变化发现,站房内常规监测、站房外常规监测与自动监测结果之间误差较小;同时通过误差统计分析及直方图分析发现,地表水水质自动监测系统监测结果与站房外常规监测结果之间误差整体属于随机误差(偶然误差)。研究得到了水质自动监测与常规监测数据一致可比的结论,为水质自动监测数据的应用提供了实验基础。  相似文献   

4.
黄建  沈菁 《干旱环境监测》1992,6(3):185-187
地表水环境监测是以及时、准确地掌握地表水质量状况和发展趋势为目的.地表水环境监测结果表征了地表水的质量状况.我们对地表水进行评价时,往往不是用监测结果本身,而是用它的一些统计量.如平均值、百分数等.这样平均值的代表性就显得尤其重要.目前,地表水一年三期六次或八次采样所得监测结果的年均值(系算术平均值)是否具有代表性?对这个问题,本文将从以下几个方面  相似文献   

5.
地表水中TOC与COD换算关系研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
总有机碳(TOC)相对于化学需氧量(COD) 能够更全面地反映水体中有机物的污染程度,且TOC测定仪操作简单,数据准确。通过18个地表水水质自动监测站对水中有机污染物的COD与TOC监测数据的相关性研究,建立了TOC与COD之间的线性回归方程,为地表水的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

6.
本文在FUZZY相似优先比模式基础上,采纳绝对值距离建立模糊相似优先比矩阵R,在R={γ_ij)}m×n中,视地表水水质监测目的,选择出接近监测参数特征值(X_o)的监测断面,舍去了同一城镇范围内测值相近的其它断面,提出地表水水质监测布点优化的一种方法。  相似文献   

7.
考察了便携式分光光度计对地表水中化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、氟化物(F~-)、总磷(TP)和六价铬(Cr~(6+))的应急监测的适用性。对方法精密度和准确度进行测定,并将便携式方法与实验室方法的测定结果进行比对。结果表明,方法精密度为2.3%~7.4%,标准样品除Cr6+外,其他均在保证值范围内;加标回收率为86.0%~110%,2种方法比对的相对偏差为2.9%~6.4%。该方法精密度与准确度良好,可以较好地应用于地表水环境应急监测中。  相似文献   

8.
灰色系统的GM(1,1)模型在地表水COD浓度预测中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文试用灰色系统中的GM(1,1)模型,对某地1982年~1989年地表水—监测断面COD浓度变化进行建模预测,旨在为预测地表水污染变化找到一条准确适用的方法.  相似文献   

9.
区域地表水监测断面优化调整的技术方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对中国地表水水质监测断面布设的现状及问题进行分析,简要回顾了中国地表水监测断面设置及优化的研究进展,论述了区域地表水点位优化的目的和原则,提出从宏观、中观、微观3个层次的对区域地表水监测断面进行调整的步骤和方法,并阐述了地理信息系统技术在监测断面优化中的作用。  相似文献   

10.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定地表水中丙烯酰胺的分析方法。水样经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,直接进样,通过多反应监测(71.8→54.9)定性,外标法定量,方法的检出限为0.1μg/L,回收率为97.8%~98.7%,6次测定值相对标准偏差小于7.0%,为地表水中丙烯酰胺的监测提供了一种快速、准确、灵敏的分析方法。  相似文献   

11.
水质监测是开展水生态环境评价、监管的基础性工作之一。随着对水生态环境保护与管理要求的提高,人工水质监测与自动水质监测相结合的模式应用越来越普遍。以船舶为载体的水质自动监测系统开展巡测,可实现高密度样品采集、检测及信息的实时传输,在长江泸州以下干流水域的实践中取得了良好效果。系统的应用可弥补常规监测断面间距过大、人工监测频次低、固定站房式水质自动监测站近岸取样等不足,对人工监测和自动监测形成有效补充;船载水质自动监测系统能够实现定点、定深、定时监测,可以在河流污染带监测、入河排污行为的监管以及偷排行为的溯源、水污染应急动态监测等工作中发挥有效作用,既可应用于长江干流等河道较宽且水质可能存在岸别差异的河流,也可应用于滇池、太湖、丹江口等大型湖泊、水库水生态环境监管。  相似文献   

12.
The present paper reports a detailed study that is based on the monitoring of naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac in Mbokodweni River and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located around the city of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. Target compounds were extracted from water samples using a multi-template molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction prior to separation and quantification on a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photo diode array detector. The analytical method yielded the detection limits of 0.15, 1.00, and 0.63 μg/L for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac, respectively. Solid-phase extraction method was evaluated for its performance using deionized water samples that were spiked with 5 and 50 μg/L of target compounds. Recoveries were greater than 80% for all target compounds with RSD values in the range of 4.1 to 10%. Target compounds were detected in most wastewater and river water samples with ibuprofen being the most frequently detected pharmaceutical. Maximum concentrations detected in river water for naproxen, ibuprofen, and diclofenac were 6.84, 19.2, and 9.69 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of target compounds found in effluent and river water samples compared well with some studies. The analytical method employed in this work is fast, selective, sensitive, and affordable; therefore, it can be used routinely to evaluate the occurrence of acidic pharmaceuticals in South African water resources.  相似文献   

13.
硝酸盐是海洋水质监测的重要指标,目前在海洋水质在线监测系统中搭载的硝酸盐在线分析仪的种类较多,采用的测量原理也不尽相同。选取了3种采用不同测量方法的代表性硝酸盐分析仪[氯化钒还原比色法硝酸盐分析仪、二乙烯三胺五乙酸还原比色法(DTPA)硝酸盐分析仪、紫外分光光度法硝酸盐分析仪],结合各自的测量原理、化学试剂特性等,就水样盐度和不同测量方法对硝酸盐测定结果的影响进行比较研究,并对实际水样进行测定。实验结果可知,氯化钒法硝酸盐分析仪适用于硝酸盐背景值<0.5 mg/L的海洋水域,DTPA法硝酸盐分析仪适用于硝酸盐背景值<0.5 mg/L的入海河流水域,紫外法硝酸盐分析仪适用于硝酸盐背景值>0.5 mg/L的各类海洋水质。  相似文献   

14.
乌鲁木齐市地下饮用水源水质历年变化趋势评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
城市饮用水是关系人民群众日常生活的大事,其水源水质的好坏直接关系到人民群众的身体健康。本文根据乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站对乌鲁木齐市地下水源水质的监测数据,分析了城市地下饮用水源12年水质的变化情况。  相似文献   

15.
利用旋翼式无人机平台挂载机载式γ谱仪、气溶胶采样器及相关监控设备,在稳定风场下开阔平坦场地,对特征金属颗粒物随炸药爆炸后形成的气溶胶进行空中烟云跟踪取样及巡测,测量环境核辐射水平。结果表明,通过8次爆炸物气溶胶跟踪采样,以及放射性点源探测试验,证实旋翼式无人机空中气溶胶取样及对辐射测量的可行性。  相似文献   

16.
在分析长江流域水质污染现状和自动监控系统的配置现状基础上,针对长江流域需要监控的水域,提出了适合长江流域的国家、省、市三级自动监控体系.最后,提出了水质常规监测站的参数配置原则以及应急监测参数配置原则.  相似文献   

17.
The Tamsui River basin is located in Northern Taiwan and encompasses the most metropolitan city in Taiwan, Taipei City. The Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) has established 38 water quality monitoring stations in the Tamsui River basin and performed regular river water quality monitoring for the past two decades. Because of the limited budget of the Taiwan EPA, adjusting the monitoring program while maintaining water quality data is critical. Multivariate analysis methods, such as cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), and discriminate analysis (DA), are useful tools for the statistically spatial assessment of surface water quality. This study integrated CA, FA, and DA to evaluate the spatial variance of water quality in the metropolitan city of Taipei. Performing CA involved categorizing monitoring stations into three groups: high-, moderate-, and low-pollution areas. In addition, this categorization of monitoring stations was in agreement with that of the assessment that involved using the simple river pollution index. Four latent factors that predominantly influence the river water quality of the Tamsui River basin are assessed using FA: anthropogenic pollution, the nitrification process, seawater intrusion, and geological and weathering processes. We plotted a spatial pattern using the four latent factor scores and identified ten redundant monitoring stations near each upstream station with the same score pattern. We extracted five significant parameters by using DA: total organic carbon, total phosphorus, As, Cu, and nitrate, with spatial variance to differentiate them from the polluted condition of the group obtained by using CA. Finally, this study suggests that the Taiwan EPA can adjust the surface water-monitoring program of the Tamsui River by reducing the monitoring stations to 28 and the measured chemical parameters to five to lower monitoring costs.  相似文献   

18.
对旱灾造成的损失,不能仅从农业粮食减产单方面估算,而应把旱灾造成的隐性损失科学评估出来。据此提出,抗旱要处理好农业用水、工业用水和城市用水及生态用水的关系,真正实现水资源的可持续利用,并应建立自动化的干旱监测和快速评估系统,以保证及时掌握旱情,将旱灾损失减至最小。  相似文献   

19.
Physicochemical and biological parameters related to water quality and microcystins (MCs) contamination in aquatic environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir were investigated in August 2004 and January 2005. A solid-phase extraction method and an HPLC equipped with photodiode array were used for MC-LR detection. A quantitative analysis showed the total MC-LR concentrations of water samples ranged from non-detectable to 0.57 μg L?1 among the seven sampling sites. The highest MC-LR concentration was found at sampling site G (Wushan), which was followed by F (Kaixian), E (Wanzhou), D (Fuling), C (Cuntan), and A (Daxigou). The correlation analysis showed the MC-LR concentration was positively correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration. This result suggests that MC concentration in water can be indirectly estimated by analyzing the chlorophyll-a concentration. Overall, the results of this study suggest that more importance should be placed on monitoring of MC contamination and water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir to ensure drinking water safety and reduce the potential exposure of people to these health hazards.  相似文献   

20.
奎屯市城市污水的处理现阶段采用一级处理后接生物稳定塘的处理工艺是较为适宜的,但要注意做好污水及处理水的排放监测,加强排水管理,今后要逐步完善为规范的二级处理工艺。对污水处理要制定切实可行的水污染防治规划,不拘泥于现有的排水方案和污水处理厂选址,在污水厂下游建设规范的污水库作为处理水资源化利用的必要措施。我区多数城市水污染防治路线与奎屯市有着相似性,对各城市污水处理方式及利用途径可采用此方法进行深入细致的研究论证,为未来城市污水的有效处理及无害化、资源化利用打下基础。  相似文献   

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