石化污水处理场排放废气中有机污染的分析与评价

采用预浓缩、气相色谱-质谱联用及脉冲火焰光度检测的方法对石化污水处理场排放的废气污染物进行了定性与定量分析,并采用相应的污染物排放标准及其人体感知嗅阈值进行了污染程度评价.结果表明,污水处理场在各个采样点位均有挥发性有机污染物和恶臭污染物检出,其中以污水进口最为严重.从检出物的浓度水平而言,苯系物和恶臭污染物均存在超标现象,而且检出的恶臭污染物浓度水平远高于人体感知嗅阈值.     

昌吉州煤矿废水排放量及水质特征分析

为掌握昌吉州煤矿废水排放及水质特征现状,通过实地调查监测,分析了昌吉州煤矿分布及矿井废水的排放量和水质特征.结果显示,昌吉州5县2市共有井下开采煤矿74家,以9万t以上煤矿为主;2007年排放矿井废水264.608万t,排放量小于5万t的煤矿占大多数;煤矿废水具有呈弱碱性、低毒、盐分含量高的特点,主要超标污染物为总悬浮物和化学需氧量;全州约三分之二的矿井废水总悬浮物超标.     

设备检修与污染物超标排放

１９９５年７月,某厂炼油车间停产检修,检修中的冲罐水及地面冲洗水未进污水处理场而直接排放,挥发酚严重超标,致使受纳水体大面积死鱼。１９９７年１１月,某公司电镀分厂设备检修,冲洗水（六价铬浓度为９２８ｍｇ／Ｌ）直接排入市政下水管网,造成污染。１９９８...     

华北地区部分河流中典型抗生素的分布特征及来源分析

以子牙河、滏阳河和永定河流经的农村周边水环境为研究区，应用迭代目标转换因子紫外分光光度分析法检测水环境中四环类、氯霉素类和硫酸链霉素含量，并分析其分布特征及可能的影响因素和来源。结果表明，研究区3类抗生素均有检出，四环类、氯霉素类和硫酸链霉素最高检出值分别为9.26 μg/L、1.98 μg/L和1.29 μg/L，四环类抗生素污染较严重。研究区抗生素分布特征与区域内社会活动、畜牧业养殖发展、化工企业分布存在一定联系，生活污水、养殖废水和制药化工企业废水排放是3类抗生素污染的主要来源。     

废水中动植物油脂的紫外分光光度测定法

废水中动植物油脂的紫外分光光度测定法沈叔平，汪小梅（浙江杭州市环境监测站，３１０００７）在ＧＢ８９７８—８８污水综合排放标准的第二类污染物最高容许排放浓度中，分别列有石油类和动植物油两项，在各级标准中，后者容许排放浓度高于前者一至二倍。而在食品制造及...     

泾河平凉段酚污染途径分析

根据近５年泾河地面水质监测数据和水文地质资料，对泾河平凉段酚污染的途径进行了分析，地水质现状评价、地下水和地层中酚含量调查、地下水和地面水转化规律研究，认为泾河平凉段地面水酚污染是由区域地层高含酚土壤淋滤、含酚量高的深层承压水补给和造纸工业废水排放三大因素造成的。     

四川省水泥工业大气污染物排放水平分析

通过调研2018年四川省37条水泥生产线活动水平数据,结合企业污染治理技术,分析该省水泥工业的主要大气污染物排放水平。结果表明:2018年四川省水泥行业SO₂、NO_x、PM_2.5和PM₁₀的排放量分别为1.2万t、5.5万t、3.9万t和6.5万t,其不确定性主要来自污染物的产生系数和去除效率。四川省水泥生产企业各工序排放的颗粒物、SO₂和NO_x浓度总体上均低于现行标准,部分工序颗粒物超标主要受布袋的去除效率影响。     

化工园区污水特征分析及生物毒性研究

对天津市某化工园区9个主要污染企业及总排放口的废水进行监测分析,测定了12项水质常规指标和8项重金属指标,采用主成分分析法和生物毒性测试对化工区废水的水质进行了综合评价。结果表明,水质指标中大部分常规项目(如COD、氨氮和重金属含量)在多数企业污水中都符合排放标准,总氮、总磷污染较重,其中磷的污染最严重,最高超标23.83倍;影响污水性质的第一主成分为氯化物、电导率、全盐量和Cr,第二主成分为溶解氧、悬浮物、氨氮、总氮、总磷和As;废水具有一定的生物毒性,且不同化工企业之间毒性差异较大。水质化学测定的结果和生物毒性程度有一定相关性,但也存在差异,应该结合两者综合评价水质污染特征。     

天津城市污水泵站恶臭气体组分浓度及污染现状

为了解天津城市污水泵站恶臭的污染程度，选取天津市一个典型的城市污水泵站进行为期3天的采样，采集该污水泵站距离污染源强不同距离处的恶臭气体样品，用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GS-MS）和分光光度法对采集样品的组分含量进行检测，比较了恶臭排放源点和不同距离处的恶臭组分的浓度特征和污染现状。结果表明，该泵站恶臭污染物质以硫化氢、二氯甲烷和苯系物为主，还有一些烯烃和芳香烃衍生物；恶臭物质的浓度变化范围是n.d.~0.073 7 mg/m³，大部分恶臭物质浓度一般由高至低表现为源点>下风向5 m，源点>背景值，环境空气采样点与恶臭排放源相比，其降幅明显；虽然检测到的恶臭组分较多，但是其浓度与《恶臭污染物排放标准》（GB 14554—1993）等标准中规定的排放限值相比，均未超标。     

典型铅蓄电池场地土壤污染识别与调查研究

以成都平原某废弃铅蓄电池污染场地为例,调查识别典型工业场地主要污染物空间分布特征和剖面迁移特征。结果表明:场地主要潜在Pb污染源有建筑垃圾、土壤及残留废水,潜在污染途径为大气降尘、含Pb废水排放;建筑垃圾中Pb、Cd、As等污染严重;场地内酸液暂存池和清洗池地表水中Pb、Cd超标严重,均为劣Ⅴ类;场地内及周边环境地下水中Cd、Cr污染较重;区内表层土壤中Pb、Cd污染严重,且呈面源性,距循环水池及酸液暂存池1.2 m处土壤中Pb含量远高于周边区域。     

南京市郊区基本农田保护区土壤重金属污染调查

为调查基本农田保护区土壤环境中重金属污染状况，江苏省农业环境监测站于1999年和2001年分别对南京市郊区基本农田土壤环境质量进行了监测，共计布设监测点14个，监项目为镉，铅，砷，汞，铬和pH，结果表明，1999年土壤样品的重金属检出率为97．1％，超标率为5．7％，2001年重金属检出率为100％，超标率为1．4％，1999年土壤样品中超标的重金属元素是镉，超标率为28．6％，2001年超标元素是汞，超标率为7．1％，1999年土壤综合污染指数为1．08，污染等级及污染水平均属轻污染；2001年土壤综合污染指数为0．76，污染等级为警戒线，污染水平达到尚清洁。     

浑太河流域水质达标控制方法研究

结合浑太河流域水资源网络节点图,根据污染物来源、种类及其产生机理,针对计算单元水资源供需平衡预测数据、降雨径流值,分点源、非点源进行规划水平年污染物入河量的预测。根据浑太河流域地形特征、入河污染物降解特性,以水功能区水体纳污能力为计算单元污染物排放总量控制条件,给出基于规划水平年入河污染物变动特性的水质达标控制方法。运用该方法进行浑太河流域水质达标控制:2030年,流域总需水7.4亿立方米,缺水深度在1%以下,COD、NH3-N、TP、TN的入河量分别为28.5×104、2.8×104、3.1×104、4.6×104t,对应的入河控制量分别为9.3×104、0.6×104、0.8×104、0.9×104t,经控制后水功能区目标水质达标率100%。证实了该水质达标控制方法有效、可行。     

长江南京段重点污染源有机污染物的定性分析

参考美国EPA相关分析方法,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对沿江重点污染源入江废水中有机物状况进行定性分析,共检出18类82种有机物,其中13种属中国优先控制污染物,分属6类有机物;10种属美国EPA优先控制污染物,分属7类有机物。通过查明入江污染源有机污染状况,为环境风险事故防范和应急预案的建立提供了科学依据。     

Determination of six anti-infectives in wastewater using tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A rugged and specific method based on tandem solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of anti-infectives in raw sewage and wastewater plant effluents was developed. Analyte recoveries from spiked effluents ranged from 68 to 104%. Two specific selected reaction monitoring transitions and their peak area ratios were used to avoid false positives and confirm the presence of the targeted substances. Detection limits allowed low nanogram per litre detection (0.3-22 ng L(-1)). The method was successfully applied to real samples from the Montréal wastewater treatment plant. All the studied anti-infectives were found in the wastewater samples in concentrations ranging from 39 to 276 ng L(-1). Mean flows of anti-infectives were estimated from effluent concentrations and it was found that large amounts (>118 g day(-1) up to 830 g day(-1)) are discharged in the receiving waters of the St Lawrence River.     

高纬区阿什河面源氮和磷污染输出特征

基于阿什河2008—2010年水质监测和流量监测结果,利用改进的埃特金和相关性拟合插值法,补全监测条件限制造成的缺失数据,再利用基流分割法,估算阿什河面源氮和磷污染输出量,分析其污染特征。结果显示:阿什河进入松花江的污染负荷峰值一般出现在3—5月或者7—9月,主要由春汛或夏汛造成,峰值出现时污染来源以面源污染为主。2008—2010年阿什河面源污染输出量表现出TP减少,TN和NH_4~+-N增加的趋势。阿什河年均输出量TN约为5 436.6 t,NH_4~+-N约为3 057.8 t,TP约为554.8 t,其中,点源污染为2 775.8、1 440.7、250.8 t,面源污染为2 660.7、1 630.7、304.1 t,面源污染占总量的50%左右。     

基于MODFLOW-NWT的尾矿库地下水环境影响评价

尾矿库渗滤液中污染物会对区域地下水产生不利影响。根据拟建工程场地水文地质条件和气象资料,建立三维数值预测模型并分析非正常工况下两种典型污染情景对地下水环境的影响,预测结果显示:特征污染物As的质量浓度随时间推移逐渐变大;防渗层破损和无防渗情况下污染晕沿地下水流方向最远运移距离在第100 d、1 000 d、7 884 d时分别为72 m、225 m、262 m和78 m、335 m、391 m。由于下游河流及周边泉点为区内地下水排泄主要途径,污染物经排泄进入下游河流将对环境造成较大影响,故提出相应防范措施。     

River water quality and pollution sources in the Pearl River Delta, China

Some physicochemical parameters were determined for thirty field water samples collected from different water channels in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone river system. The analytical results were compared with the environmental quality standards for surface water. Using the SPSS software, statistical analyses were performed to determine the main pollutants of the river water. The main purpose of the present research is to investigate the river water quality and to determine the main pollutants and pollution sources. Furthermore, the research provides some approaches for protecting and improving river water quality. The results indicate that the predominant pollutants are ammonium, phosphorus, and organic compounds. The wastewater discharged from households in urban and rural areas, industrial facilities, and non-point sources from agricultural areas are the main sources of pollution in river water in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone.     

Survey of coastal inland pollution sources and their influence on seawater quality in Doam bay,Korea

Inland pollution sources of Doam bay were investigated from August to October in 2013. A total of 210 sources including rivers, streams, domestic, agricultural and industrial discharge points were identified along the coast, including 32 sources that had outflow. Agricultural sources were the largest inland pollution sources (139, 66.2%). Fecal coliform concentrations were measured. These data were combined with water discharge data to determine daily loads of pollutants discharged from each source into the bay. Fecal coliform concentrations were the highest in domestic discharges. However, they only had slight influence because their discharge volume was small. The most significant pollution source was Tamjin River (St.85) due to large amount of discharge volume. The influence of St.85 reached almost half of Doam bay. Fecal coliform levels of streams increased after rainfall, but decreased overtime. Domestic pollution sources were not affected upon rain event.     

Environmental assessment of water,chemicals and effluents in leather post-tanning process: A review

The leather industry has significant consumption of water and chemicals and generates liquid effluents with a high pollution load. This study aims to contribute to the advance of liquid effluents, water, and chemicals management in tanneries since the assessment of these environmental issues for each step of the post-tanning process remains unknown. Forty-three post-tanning formulations were obtained from scientific papers, catalogs from chemical manufacturers and tanneries, and their data were analyzed. Results showed an average chemical consumption of 360.2 kg per ton of shaved leather. Retanning and fatliquoring steps are the largest chemical consumers. The average water demand of this process is 8.6 cubic meters per ton of shaved leather, with washing responsible for the highest consumption. The raw wastewater is poorly biodegradable, with high conductivity and elevated concentration of salts. The results obtained in this study contribute to reduce the environmental impacts of leather post-tanning, guiding future studies aiming to optimize this process.     

Integrated pollution evaluation of the Tagus River in Central Spain

The aim of this study was to integrate hydrochemical and sediment data in order to obtain a picture of the pollution state of the Tagus River along central Spain. This area is of special interest because tributaries from the Madrid region are discharged and no previous data were available. Waters and sediments were sampled between 2002 and 2004 from selected sites before and after Jarama River confluence (Madrid city input). The samples were analysed for more than 50 parameters, including those of physico-chemical nature and those reporting the pollution caused by both metals and organic compounds. The quality of waters for different uses has been tested and statistical quality indexes of both global and partial type has also been established. Sediments pollution state was evaluated by comparison with general quality standards. A high degree of pollution and general degradation was observed in the Tagus River downstream the Jarama River input. The pollution of waters is mainly related to parameters indicators of organic pollution from urban sewage. In sediments, a dramatic increase in the concentration of trace metals was found in different points, exceeding toxicological threshold. Further studies would be necessary for organic pollutants and also to evaluate the remobilization potential.