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气相色谱-质谱法表征炼油厂外排废水中的有机组分 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
将水中的有机组分划分为悬浮性有机物(SOC)、溶解性可吸附有机物(EOC)及溶解性不可吸附有机物(NEOC)三类.分别用G3型耐酸滤过漏斗及GDX-502树脂分离和富集了某炼油厂生化处理外排废水中的SOC及EOC,漏斗滤出的和GDX-502树脂富集的有机物分别用二氯甲烷洗脱和Soxhlet提取,提取物经干燥、浓缩后,用GC/MS进行分析.结果表明该废水TOC为27.4mg/L,SOC、EOC及NEOC分别占44.5%、28.1%及27.4%.SOC中共鉴定出有机组分44种,包括正构烷烃21种、异构烷烃15种、烯烃6种及环烷烃2种,其中Ci5-C28正构烷烃的含量相对较高;EOC中共鉴定出有机组分78种,包括脂肪烃18种、芳烃12种、苯酚类10种、吡啶类7种、醇6种、酮10种、醛2种、酞酸酯3种及其它化合物10种,其中苯酚类、邻苯二甲酸正丁酯及1-甲基环己醇含量相对较高. 相似文献
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油轮压舱废水的特性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对油轮压舱废水的可生化性进行了分析研究,既讨论了压舱废水的BOD5与COD的相关关系,又分析了COD与TOC比值,同时还用色谱-质谱作了压舱废水中有机组分的分析。三方面的结果均表明油轮压舱废水的可生化性较差,压舱废水中有机组分以高分子量的直链烷烃为主。在此基础上,提出了对油轮压舱废水的处理建议。 相似文献
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建立了液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱(LLE -GC/MS)同时测定饮用水中的6种酞酸酯类化合物、百菌清和联苯胺的方法。选用3种有机溶剂进行萃取,筛选出回收率高、操作简单的前处理方法,萃取后经气相色谱-质谱分析。方法表明:8种物质线性良好,相关系数为0.9978~0.9995,用二氯甲烷萃取回收率最佳,回收率在90.1%~118%之间,相对标准偏差在0.24%~7.21%之间。 相似文献
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吹脱-水解酸化-SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究采用吹脱—水解酸化—SBR工艺处理含高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液。结果表明,采用吹脱预处理可去除废水中60%以上的氨氮,有利于后续生物脱氮和脱碳的进行。生物水解酸化处理在降低废水CODCr值的同时,可以提高废水的可生化性。该方法将曝气期分为二段,并设置缺氧反硝化期,可明显提高氨氮的去除率。 相似文献
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使用经0.4%KOH-CH3OH处理过的上试101载体,涂渍11.5%PEG 2000和7.5%DNP的固定液,填充Ф3mm×3m的不锈钢色谱柱,在气相色谱上可直接进废水样品分析,有效分离和测定废水样品中的乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺和甲醇、乙醇等有机组分,柱性能稳定. 相似文献
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焦化废水中的溶解性有机物(DOM)作为废水污染物和毒性的主要来源受到广泛关注。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A-A-O)生物法联合混凝沉淀工艺在焦化废水处理中被广泛应用。于2018年4,7和11月分别采集4座焦化废水处理厂废水,采用光谱学分析手段和水生生物急性毒性试验对A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理过程中焦化废水的DOM和毒性变化进行分析。结果表明,焦化废水中含有大量不饱和芳香性物质,其中类色氨酸、络氨酸物质占主导,其次为类溶解性微生物代谢产物、类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸类物质;未经处理的焦化废水对藻类和大型溞的急性毒性等级为中毒至高毒。A-A-O联合混凝沉淀处理可去除90%以上的类色氨酸、络氨酸和类富里酸物质,但对类腐殖酸类物质去除率相对较低,仅为约80%,关键去除段为缺氧段和好氧段;该工艺对焦化废水急性毒性削减率为80.51%~94.30%,关键削减段为厌氧段。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,焦化废水溶解性总有机碳(TOC)、类腐殖酸类物质荧光组分C1和类富里酸类物质荧光组分C4与废水急性毒性存在显著正相关关系,可利用其作为水样急性毒性初筛的指示性指标。可为焦化废水生化处理的效能优化和废水毒性控制及安全评估提供科学支撑。 相似文献
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以可生化性差的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了在预处理的基础上进行强化混凝加强化吸附的强化物化的处理方法和对应的工艺流程,通过静态和动态实验对高浓度有机废水强化物化处理进行了研究。 相似文献
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Composted organic wastes have been shown to reduce emissions of N2O and CH4, but little is known about the release of these gases during the composting process. This research examined the emissions of N2O and CH4 during the composting of liquid swine manure and wheat straw at two operations, one with forced aeration and the other without. The lack of aeration increased CH4 emissions to 24 times that of composting with aeration, but had no significant effect on N2O production. When total N2O and CH4 emissions from composting were compared with liquid swine manure emissions, aerated composting was found to reduce emissions to as low as 30% of those from liquid manure storage, while non-aerated composting elevated emissions up to an estimated 330% of liquid manure storage. 相似文献
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Physical, chemical and microbiological efficiencies of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) located in Delhi's watershed in context of different treatment technologies employed in these plants have been determined. There were in all seventeen STPs treating domestic wastewater which were studied over a period of 12 months. These STPs were based on Conventional Activated sludge process (ASP), Extended aeration (Ex. Aeration), physical, chemical and biological removal treatment (BIOFORE) and oxidation pond treatment process. Results suggests that except "Mehrauli" STP which was based on Extended aeration process and "Oxidation pond", effluents from all other STPs exceeded FC standard of 10(3) MPN/100 ml for unrestricted irrigation criteria set by National river conservation directorate (NRCD). Actual integrated efficiency (IE(a)) of each STP was evaluated and compared with the standard integrated efficiency (IE(s)) based upon physical, biological and microbiological removal efficiencies depending upon influent sewage characteristics. The best results were obtained for STPs employing extended aeration, BIOFORE and oxidation pond treatment process thus can be safely used for irrigation purposes. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to biologically treat wastewater discharged from the textile industry (textiles made of cotton and/or synthetic fiber) using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology (activated sludge process operating on batch mode). To achieve the objectives of the study, the characteristics of textile wastewater and the biodegradation of its organic constituents under unsteady state conditions were studied. Then, a bench-scale pilot plant was used to study the performance of SBR by monitoring the settleability and change in the constituents (chemical oxygen demand and solids) over time. Results of the study showed that textile wastewater has different types of pollutants: heat, basicity, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and heavy metals. The factors affecting the biodegradation of organic matter were determined as the reaction time and the ratio of initial substrate to sludge concentrations. Also, removal of solids was monitored, and the settling velocity as affected by sludge concentration was graphically presented to enable the determination of settling time. Finally, the outcome of this study was used to suggest a procedure for the design of a full-scale SBR unit for treatment of textile wastewater. 相似文献
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医药化工废水作为一种高浓度、难降解有机废水,其预处理效果直接影响到最终出水水质.以硝基苯类废水为处理对象,采用先进微电解-SBR组合工艺技术进行处理试验.结果表明,经微电解处理医药废水硝基苯类、COD的去除率分别为93%和45%左右.废水的可生化性由约0.24提高到0.55.每吨废水处理成本为2.52元. 相似文献
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Assessing the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment units 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wastewater reuse can significantly reduce environmental pollution and save the water sources. The study selected Cheng-Ching
Lake water treatment plant in southern Taiwan to discuss the feasibility of wastewater recycling and treatment efficiency
of wastewater treatment units. The treatment units of this plant include wastewater basin, sedimentation basin, sludge thickener
and sludge dewatering facility. In this study, the treatment efficiency of SS and turbidity were 48.35–99.68% and 24.15–99.36%,
respectively, showing the significant removal efficiency of the wastewater process. However, the removal efficiencies of NH3–N, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are limited by wastewater treatment processes. Because NH3–N, TOC and COD of the mixing supernatant and raw water are regulated raw water quality standards, supernatant reuse is feasible
and workable during wastewater processes at this plant. Overall, analytical results indicated that supernatant reuse is feasible. 相似文献
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The concentrations and removal efficiencies of various kinds of micropollutants were investigated and the relationships between the input sources of industrial wastewater and occurrence patterns of each micropollutant were identified at nine on-site industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The distribution pattern of each compound varied according to the WWTP type and several micropollutants were significantly related with specific industries: chlorinated phenols (ClPhs) with paper and metal industries, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with petrogenic- and pyrogenic-related industries, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) with the paper industry, and chlorinated benzenes (ClBzs) with dye-related industries. The activated sludge (AS) process was very efficient in the removal of ClPhs and PAHs, and the filtration process in the removal of PCDD/Fs and 1,4-dioxane. Generally, the removal efficiencies of each micropollutant varied according to the WWTP type. 相似文献
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Lihle D. Mafu Titus A. M. Msagati Bhekie B. Mamba 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8865-8874
The extraction of total arsenic and selenium using hollow-fibre supported liquid membranes (HFSLMs), with specific interest in the optimal conditions for the extraction in wastewater, is reported. The extraction time, type of liquid membrane, sample and donor pH and stirring rate were optimised, and thereafter, the developed method was tested in real wastewater samples. The optimal HFSLMs adopted, after optimisation tests, comprised of Aliquat 336, 0.8 M NaOH, 200 rpm and 80 min as the extractant, stripping phase, stirring rate and reaction time, respectively. The developed method had reasonable-to-high extraction efficiencies in real wastewater samples with the final effluent recording as high as 73 and 78 % removal efficiencies for Se and As, respectively. Considering the initial concentrations found in the samples, use of this developed method could bring down the concentrations to levels admissible by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and World Health Organisation (WHO). 相似文献
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A series of laboratory-based incubations using a stable isotope tracer technique was applied to measure the net and gross fluxes of CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br as well as the net fluxes of CHCl(3) from surface soils of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Annually averaged flux measurements show that these mineral/oxidized peat soils are a net source of CH(3)Cl (140 ± 266 nmol m(-2) d(-1)) and CHCl(3) (258 ± 288 nmol m(-2) d(-1)), and a net sink of CH(3)Br (-2.3 ± 4.5 nmol m(-2) d(-1)). Gross CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br fluxes are strongly influenced by both soil moisture and temperature: gross production rates of CH(3)Cl and CH(3)Br are linearly correlated with temperature, whereas gross consumption rates exhibit Gaussian relationships with maximum consumption at soil moisture levels between 20 and 30% volumetric water content (VWC) and a temperature range of 25 to 35 °C. Although soil moisture and soil temperature strongly affect consumption rates, the range of gross consumption rates overall is limited (-506 ± 176 nmol m(-2) d(-1) for CH(3)Cl and -12 ± 4 nmol m(-2) d(-1) for CH(3)Br) and is similar to rates reported in previous studies. CHCl(3) fluxes are not correlated with methyl halide fluxes, temperature, or soil moisture. The annual emission rates of CHCl(3) from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are found to be a potentially significant local source of this compound. 相似文献
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This investigation aims to represent aerobic utilization of biodegradable organic matter present in wastewater by a rate equation. This rate equation can then be used to develop a substrate utilization (removal) kinetic model for unsteady state activated sludge process. To achieve this objective, theoretical utilization of biodegradable organic matter in batch process and growth pattern theory were studied. Also, experimental data representing removal of organic matter in different types of wastewaters were collected and analyzed for batch and continuous activated sludge assays. A rate equation was proposed to describe the utilization of biodegradable organic matter based on theoretical analysis of batch process. This rate equation was then verified through differential and integral analysis of the experimental data. Furthermore, a substrate kinetic model for batch and continuous processes was developed. The developed rate equation will facilitate the analysis and design of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology for biological treatment of wastewater. 相似文献