EPA方法524.2化合物的GC/MS分析

1 引言 EPA方法524.2 第4.1版(1995)是为配合实施美国国家饮用水的EPA标准而制订的,该方法采用吹脱捕集装置,用GC/MS 检测低浓度的被分析物质。其中有些被分析物质捕集效率很低,捕集后浓度刚刚达到方法的检测限且难以完全分离。本章简要介绍了Agilent公司成功分析EPA方法的各种条件,这些方法和步骤均经Agilent公司测试并全部符合EPA要求。所测化合物见EPA 524.2 (3.0版,1989),更详细的方法内容,参见EPA 524.2(4.1版)。 GC/MS具有以下优点:(1)比一般的GC检测器分析的物质范围更宽、更准,(2)可以鉴别复杂基质中的化合物,(3)可有效…     

EPA方法8260A化合物的GC/MS分析

1　引言EPA方法82 60A( 1 994.9)是为配合实施固体废物中的有机挥发物EPA标准而制订的,该法采用吹脱捕集装置,用GC MS可测出低浓度的被测物质。在分析工作中要达到要求的检测限和足够的分离并非易事。本手册简要介绍了安捷伦公司对EPA方法82 60A成功分析的方法和步骤,这些方法全部通过测试并达到EPA要求。有关方法的资料,详见EPAMethod 82 60A。主要分析设备:以下仪器主要用于分析挥发物:●　Agilent 6890GC●　Agilent 5 973质谱选择性检测器(MSD)●　Agilent 7695吹脱捕集浓缩装置及控制软件与吹脱捕集浓缩装置相配的自动进…     

EPA测试方法的检索

我国的环境监测分析方法种类较少、更新较慢,新技术和新仪器的开发较为滞后,有些监测项目在缺乏标准和统一方法的情况下,可采用美国EPA等效分析方法。美国EPASW-846报告中收录了307个测试方法,《EPA测试方法索引》。中收录了1613个测试方法,其中数字编号方法1036个,非数字编号方法577个,     

长江南京段重点污染源有机污染物的定性分析

参考美国EPA相关分析方法,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对沿江重点污染源入江废水中有机物状况进行定性分析,共检出18类82种有机物,其中13种属中国优先控制污染物,分属6类有机物;10种属美国EPA优先控制污染物,分属7类有机物。通过查明入江污染源有机污染状况,为环境风险事故防范和应急预案的建立提供了科学依据。     

美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计介绍

介绍了美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计。首先,指导性文件《基本水质监测方案》中的环境监测计划要求建立1个不少于1 000个点位的国家地表水质环境监测网,并提出了点位设计的标准,包括4点基本要求和针对每一类水域的具体要求。其次,另一指导性文件《准备州综合水质评估(305b报告)和电子升级:报告内容的准则》提出了1种新的对水质的综合性评估技术,要求在传统的判断点位设计的基础上增加概率统计点位设计方法。最后,全国一致的概率统计点位设计是相当有效的获知全国范围的水质情况及变化趋势的方法,EPA完全支持通过这种概率统计点位设计的方法来评估更多的水质状况。概率统计点位设计是EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计的发展趋势。     

美国环境有机污染物监测中的质量控制技术

美国的环境监测实验室分官方和非官方2类,官方的如环境保护署(EPA)的直属实验中心,其主要职能是开发、制定标准分析方法,推行质量保证/质量控制(QA/QC)计划;非官方的如EPA的合同实验室和地区性实验室,主要接受EPA的合同项目和各种客户的委托项目。推行QA/QC是官方实验室的工作核心,而QA/QC实施得好坏则决定着非官方实验室的生存。现介绍美国环境有机污染物监测中有特色的质量控制技术。1　现场质控样现场质控样指示采样过程中的变化因素和引入的污染,主要包括现场空白、运输空白、现场平行样、考核样等。现场质控样随实际样品…     

大气飘尘采样器的检验

介绍了飘尘采样器的检验方法,并对102型大流量采样器的入口性能作了试验,它的D_(50)为10.1μm,偏差△C=0.7％,符合美国EPA指标。     

机动车排放颗粒物成分谱对比研究

对深圳、无锡、济南和美国EPA建立的机动车排放颗粒物成分谱进行对比研究,建立的成分谱中各组分含量存在较大差别原因为使用了不同的采样方法。     

8081A方法分析水和土壤中有机氯农药（PESTCIDES）的质量保证和质量控制

8081A是美国EPA分析方法中有机氯农药化合物的分析方法．应用该方法的国内监测分析人员做了许多工作，但分析的质量保证和质量控制工作由于条件和经验的限制还有很多不足，特别是在我国加入WTO后，为国外客户做数据分析时，其质量难以满足他们的要求．笔者结合在美国一个大学实验室工作一年的经验以及对于8081A分析过程中的质量保证和质量控制作了较深的了解，文中对美国EPA8081A方法做以介绍．     

膜、柱串联固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究

建立了用膜-柱串联固相萃取(SPE)技术,甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析水中EPA优先监控的16种PAHs的方法.     

五氯酚标准样品的研制

五氯酚是美国ＥＰＡ公布的１２９种重点污染物名单以及我国环境优先监测污染物黑名单中的重点污染物,也是环境监测和环境科研工作中的主要对象。本文介绍了这种污染物毒理特性和液体介质标准样品的分析、研究、制备方法。     

A nationally consistent framework for identifying interstate waters with applications for the national listing of fish advisories

A 1988 survey, funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and conducted by the American Fisheries Society, identified the need to standardize the approaches for evaluating risks and developing fish consumption advisories that are comparable across different jurisdictions. A major tool for evaluating the progress in developing such nationally consistent information is EPA??s web-based National Listing of Fish Advisories (NLFA) database, which has archived fish advisory information since 1993. The NLFA comprises both a database and Geographic Information System mapping components that are implemented using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). EPA and the US Geological Survey have developed an enhanced NHD product (NHDPlus) that is applied to define an interstate waters framework for the conterminous USA. This NHDPlus-based framework provides an efficient watershed-oriented approach for identifying interstate advisories from NLFA. We provide summaries of (1) the degree of consistency documented for inland waters where states have issued advisories for shared interstate NHD reaches and (2) the patterns for interstate advisories organized according to the ecoregions developed for EPA??s Wadeable Streams Assessment. Approaches are also discussed for addressing interstate consistency issues for fish advisories in coastal waters making use of the NHDPlus combined with other nationally consistent frameworks, such as the 12-digit hydrologic unit code subwatersheds in the Watershed Boundary Dataset. Probability survey methods are recommended as a way to promote increased interjurisdictional consistency in the development of the monitoring and risk assessment conclusions reflected in NLFA, as well as in other EPA water quality-based programs.     

太湖饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价

介绍了水环境健康风险评价方法,并根据太湖饮用水源地水环境质量监测数据,对4个饮用水源地通过饮水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,2005～2009年,4个饮用水源地水环境健康个人年风险多数超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准,主要风险因子为化学致癌物六价铬和砷;化学致癌物对人体健康危害个人年风险度远高于非化学致癌物;化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险呈波动降低变化,非化学致癌物所致健康危害的个人年风险基本保持稳定。     

Hg-CEMS系统中元素汞发生器的溯源和质控方法研究

参考借鉴美国IEMGTP元素汞溯源协议中规定的4个溯源传递层级以及4种常用的成熟溯源质控方法，研究了在中国现有技术条件下，各种质控方法针对Hg-CEMS中元素汞发生器User generator进行质控的适用性。通过对不同质控方法的测试，显示通过可吸附元素汞的活性炭吸附管采样分析（美国EPA 30B方法）和通过汞渗透源两种对元素汞发生器进行质控的方法在中国目前是可行且科学、可靠的。同时对建立和完善中国的元素汞溯源协议和元素汞发生器质控方法提出了建议。     

Quality assurance and quality control data validation procedures used for the Love Canal and Dallas lead soil monitoring programs

Public awareness of soils contamination has increased in recent years due in part to the notoriety associated with the indiscriminate release, packaging, transporting and disposal of hazardous materials. In 1980, and again in 1982, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was responsible for designing, implementing and conducting environmental monitoring programs at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York, and in Dallas, Texas, that dealt with suspected contaminated soils. Both of these monitoring programs were conducted over a relatively short time with the collection and analysis of over 4000 soil samples. The methods employed by the Environmental Protection Agency for providing soil data that was scientifically valid and of defensible quality for each of these monitoring programs are presented. Also, methods for identifying data bias, its precision and its uncertainty are identified.     

海水利用排放水中典型有机氯农药的环境安全性

基于生态风险评价方法对海水淡化和直流冷却两类海水利用工程排放水中的3类典型有机氯农药进行了环境安全性分析。通过实际监测获得有机氯农药在海水利用排放水中的环境浓度；借助美国环境保护署（EPA）颁布的水质基准，获得有机氯农药在海水中的无影响浓度；采用商值法对海水利用排放水中的有机氯农药环境风险进行量化。结果表明：海水利用排放水中七氯和滴滴涕已存在环境风险，其中七氯的污染问题应尤引起重视。     

Comparison of two dynamic measurement methods of odor and odorant emission rates from freshly dewatered biosolids

Odor and odorant emission rates from freshly dewatered biosolids in a dewatering building of a Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) are measured using the EPA flux chamber and wind tunnel methods. Experimental results are compared statistically to test whether the two methods result in similar emission rates when experiments are performed under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge the literature is void of studies comparing the two methods indoors. In this paper the two methods are compared indoors where the wind velocity and air exchange rate are pertinent field conditions and can be measured. The difference between emission rates of odor and hydrogen sulfide measured with the two methods is not statistically significant (P values: 0.505 for odor, 0.130 for H(2)S). It is concluded that both methods can be used to estimate source emissions but selection of the most effective or efficient method depends on prevailing environmental conditions. The wind tunnel is appropriate for outdoor environments where wind effects on source emissions are more pronounced than indoors. The EPA flux chamber depends on the air exchange rate of the chamber, which simulates corresponding conditions of the indoor environment under investigation and is recommended for estimation of indoor pollution sources.     

Environmental Data in Decision Making in EPA Regional Offices

The mid-Atlantic region of the United States has a wide diversity of natural resources. Human pressures on these natural resources are intense. These factors have resulted in the collection of substantial amounts of environmental information about the region by EPA (both Regional and Research Offices), other governmental agencies, industry, and environmental groups. EPA Regional Offices comprehend first hand the importance of environmental data and are extremely supportive of investments in these data. Environmental data are used prominently in a variety of strategic planning and resource management initiatives. In EPA Region 3, the use of scientifically-sound environmental data is, in fact, one of our strategic programmatic goals. Environmental information is captured and assessed continuously by Regional staff, sometimes working in partnership with other Federal and State agencies, to derive relevant resource management conclusions. The restoration goals for the Chesapeake Bay are based on environmental indicators and resulting data. Attainment of the water quality objectives for streams and coastal estuaries are predicted on monitoring data. Our initiative in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands area uses environmental indicators to measure the condition of forests and streams. Landscape-level indicators will provide unique opportunities for the use of data in planning and management activities in support of the principles of community-based activism and sustainable development. Significant value is added to these data during their use by Regional managers. Regional programs, such as the Chesapeake Bay Program and several National Estuary Programs, are founded in environmental data. Environmental information is used by the Regional program managers to ascertain whether programs are accomplishing their intended objectives. Finally, Regional programs provide a crucial means for disseminating this information to broad segments of the public, so that a better informed and educated client base for effective environmental protection will develop.     

EPA's selenium revision heads into murky waters

As the US EPA revises its standards for selenium in fresh water, a heated debate rages between government scientists, who say that existing standards must be tightened because selenium contamination is widespread, and industry scientists who believe that it is an environmental oddity. Fish, crustaceans and birds appear to be uniquely sensitive to even modest increases in environmental concentrations of this element. To set new standards, EPA must find a way to take into account an emerging understanding of selenium's complex geochemistry.     

A comparison of speciated atmospheric mercury at an urban center and an upwind rural location

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), particulate mercury (PHg) and reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) were measured every other hour at a rural location in south central Wisconsin (Devil's Lake State Park, WI, USA) between April 2003 and March 2004, and at a predominantly downwind urban site in southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee, WI, USA) between June 2004 and May 2005. Annual averages of GEM, PHg, and RGM at the urban site were statistically higher than those measured at the rural site. Pollution roses of GEM and reactive mercury (RM; sum of PHg and RGM) at the rural and urban sites revealed the influences of point source emissions in surrounding counties that were consistent with the US EPA 1999 National Emission Inventory and the 2003-2005 US EPA Toxics Release Inventory. Source-receptor relationships at both sites were studied by quantifying the impacts of point sources on mercury concentrations. Time series of GEM, PHg, and RGM concentrations were sorted into two categories; time periods dominated by impacts from point sources, and time periods dominated by mercury from non-point sources. The analysis revealed average point source contributions to GEM, PHg, and RGM concentration measurements to be significant over the year long studies. At the rural site, contributions to annual average concentrations were: GEM (2%; 0.04 ng m(-3)); and, RM (48%; 5.7 pg m(-3)). At the urban site, contributions to annual average concentrations were: GEM (33%; 0.81 ng m(-3)); and, RM (64%; 13.8 pg m(-3)).