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1.
二噁     
1 前言多氯二苯并-P-二口恶口英(PCDDs)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)总称为二口恶口英类。它是城市垃圾在焚烧时燃烧的生成物和部分有机氯化物在生产过程中的副产品,严重的污染了大气、水质、土壤和食品等。PCDDs和PCDFs的同系物和同分异构体分...  相似文献   

2.
简要介绍美国环保局颁布的两种色质联用(GC/MS)分析方法,综述了两种方法在监测分析有机污染物方面取得的一些重要成果。这些成果包括多氯联苯(PCBs)、农药、PCD、PCF、多环芳烃(PAHs)、酚类以及土壤、污油、化学危险品、生物等样品中多组分有机污染物的分析。  相似文献   

3.
气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用在我国环境监测中的应用   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
从系统分析和有机污染分析等方面出发 ,概述了气相色谱 质谱 (GC MS)联用在我国大气、水质、土壤等环境监测中所取得的重要成果 ,例如可测定多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃、多氯二苯并二、多氯二苯并呋喃、农药、酚类、多氯联苯、恶臭、有机酸、有机硫化合物和苯系物、卤代烃、氯苯类等挥发性化合物 ,以及多组分有机污染物。  相似文献   

4.
以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)络合砷(Ⅲ),氯仿萃取,用湿消化法处理萃取液,消除有机物质干扰,所得消化样品用氢化物发生-原子荧光测定砷(Ⅲ)。在水样中加入碘化钾还原砷(V)至砷(Ⅲ),用相同方法测定总量。总量减去砷(Ⅲ)量,求得砷(V)含量。  相似文献   

5.
环境中“新型”持久性有机污染物的质谱分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
“新型”持久性有机污染物逐渐受到环境科研工作者的重视,这类物质包括溴代阻燃剂、全氟化合物、多氯萘、多氯代正构烷烃和药物以及个人护理用品等,综述了目前对这类环境污染物的检测分析技术。  相似文献   

6.
在强酸性介质中,VO3与N-苯甲酰苯基羟胺(BPHA)反应生成紫红色络合物,能定量地被CHCL3萃取.萃取液加入2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5—Br—PADAP)后可发生配体交换反应,并生成橙红色的V(V)-5—Br—PADAP络合物,有机相可直接用于光度测定.V(V)-5—Br-PADAP的最大吸收波长为600nm,摩尔吸光系数为5.4X10 ̄4L·mol-1·cm-1,线性范围为0~0.76μgv/wl。  相似文献   

7.
气相色谱法测定水质苯系物   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
指出了气相色谱法测定水质苯系物存在的不足,提出用3%有机皂土-34+2.5%邻苯二甲酸二壬酯混合涂渍的101坦体(60目-80目)不锈钢色谱柱分离苯系物,可在19min内分离水样中7种苯系物,对二甲苯与间二甲苯等难分离物质对可完全分离,改进后的样品前处理顶空装置操作简单、安全、可连续自动振荡,并且可以同时处理多个样品。  相似文献   

8.
1. 前言 1968年,在日本北部的九州发生了米糠油事件,1979年,台湾也发生了同样的事件。在受害者使用过的米糠油中,不仅含有多氯联苯(PCB),而且含有多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF),多氯四苯(PCQ)及多氯二苯并-p-二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD)。前田等人建立了将PCQ完全氯化,用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪(GC—ECD)进行定量分析的方法。继之,Kashimoto等人查出患者血液中的PCQ浓度异常地高,米糠油事件发生19年后,时至今日仍然在患者体内  相似文献   

9.
影响(DDC-Ag)法测定环境水中砷的几个问题的讨论李新建,王大坤(乐山市环保科研监测所614000)(乐山市环境监理站614000)用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银(DDC-Ag)比色法测定环境水质中的砷,其反应原理为锌与酸作用,产生新生态氢,在碘化钾和氯...  相似文献   

10.
关于二噁咽     
关于二口恶咽孙宗光齐文启李国刚(中国环境监测总站北京100029)二口恶咽(Dibenzop-dioxion)已成为世界各国瞩目的环境污染物质,它不是人类生产的产品,而是人们在生产过程中和焚烧垃圾过程中产生的。其危害程度比众所周知的有机磷、有机氯农...  相似文献   

11.
从热力学的角度出发,导出了在COD测定过程中Cl- 的完全氧化条件。通过不同浓度的含氯邻苯二甲酸氢钾标准溶液和含氯乙醇标准水样的测定表明, 在所提出的完全氧化条件下,由所测得的表观COD减去Cl- 的理论COD便得到水样的真实COD,测定结果与实际吻合较好。最后,对测定过程中的有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

12.
The occurrence, concentrations, patterns, and loads of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in treated wastewater collected at the outlets from 14 wastewater treatment plants (WTPs), divided into three size categories. The analysis also considered the effect of wastewater outflow on the final concentrations of PCDDs/Fs, as the samples were collected during flooding and stable hydrological conditions. None of the studied WTPs were found to completely remove toxic congeners of PCDDs/Fs from wastewater: the PCDD concentrations in the outgoing effluent during stable wastewater flow ranged from 2.99 to 177.19 pg/L, PCDFs from 6.05 to 51.30 pg/L, and the Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) was between 0.94 and 4.87 pg/L. The results from high wastewater flow were less diversified, ranging from 5.04 to 8.85 pg/L for PCDDs, from 11.47 to 32.33 pg/L for PCDFs and from 2.00 to 4.65 pg/L for TEQ. The smallest WTPs demonstrated the highest average total and TEQ concentrations due to limited volume, short retention time and outdated technology, and, hence, insufficient treatment efficiency. The largest WTPs have the potential to substantially affect the quality of river water, as despite being associated with the lowest concentrations, they released much greater volumes of treated wastewater and, hence, the greatest amounts of analyzed compounds. Elevated TEQ values were observed at high flow in all WTP size categories indicating the impact of high and stable wastewater flow on the concentrations of the observed PCDDs/Fs.  相似文献   

13.
痕量有机氯化合物分析中的样品预处理方法   总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
近些年来,痕量有机氯化合物分析中,各种样品预处理技术得到了迅速发展,文章介绍了一些样品预处理方法的原理和最新进展,阐述了索氏提取,超临界流体萃取,微波萃取,固相萃取等几种富集方法的原理,特点,性能及应用,论述了吸附柱层析法,凝胶渗透色谱,高效液相色谱等样品净化技术的特点和应用。  相似文献   

14.
This study investigated dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in gasses emitted from waste incinerators and thermal processes in central and western parts of India. The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) ranged from 0.0070 to 26.8140 ng toxicity equivalent (TEQ)/Nm3, and those of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ranged from 0.0001?×?10?1 to 0.0295 ng TEQ/Nm3. The characteristics of mean PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration and congener profiles were studied over all the samples of air. In particular, a pattern consisting of a low proportion of dioxin-like PCBs and high proportion of PCDDs/DFs was common for all the samples from incinerators and high-temperature processes.  相似文献   

15.
It can be said that the quality of the environment has become of increasing interest for many developed countries especially during the last one or two decades. It is important to know what has been the influence of human activity (especially industry, agriculture, etc.) upon the quality of the main components of the environment.Soil as one important part of the environment is more complicated as it includes organic and inorganic components and which involves comparing the monitoring with other environment components (i.e. monitoring of air, water, etc.).  相似文献   

16.
Pine needle samples collected at ten spatially distant sites around Tokyo Bay in 1999 indicated a widespread lower troposphere pollution with ultra-trace dioxin-like compounds such as chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), -furans (PCDFs), non-ortho- and mono-ortho-chlorobiphenyls (pPCBs), and -naphthalenes (PCNs). Elevated concentration of planar PCBs and the total PCNs were found at the sites which are located innermost to the Bay, suggesting the regional importance of the evaporative nature of the source of pollution by those compounds over this vast area. The concentrations and profiles for PCDDs and PCDFs remained largely uniform. An exception was the site near the town of Tateyama in the Chiba Prefecture, which is the southernmost but also relatively separate from the inner Bay. The site near Tateyama showed somehow background contamination with all compound groups and highly different profiles of PCNs. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the data matrix has revealed that around the Tokyo Bay, apart from the evaporative emission sources for PCNs and PCBs, combustion related processes also play an important role as sources of the ambient air contamination not only with PCDDs/Fs but also with chloronaphthalenes and planar chlorobiphenyls.  相似文献   

17.
The Yellow River in winter as source water is characterized as high alkalinity, low temperature and low particle concentrations, which have brought many difficulties to water treatment plants. This study fully examines the optimized coagulation process of the Yellow River by conventional and pre-polymerized metal coagulants, pH adjustment and polyelectrolytes as the primary coagulants or coagulant aids. For all the metal coagulants, polyaluminum chlorides are superior to traditional metal coagulants due to their stable polymeric species and low consumption of alkalinity. The removal of natural organic matter by monomeric metal coagulants can be improved through pH adjustment, which is in accordance with the higher concentration of polymeric species formed at corresponding pH value. With the addition of polyelectrolytes as coagulant aids, the coagulation performance is significantly improved. The effective removal of dissolved organic matter is consistent with high charge density, while molecular weight is relatively important for removing particles, which is consistent with polyelectrolytes as primary coagulants. These results suggest that the coagulation mechanisms in the removal of dissolved organic matter and particles are different, which may be exploited for optimized coagulation for the typical source water in practice.  相似文献   

18.
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho PCBs), and mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, body length 10.4-36.6 cm) collected from Sendai Bay, Japan, were determined using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between the concentrations of these compounds (dioxins) and the body length of the Japanese flounder was examined. The total PCDD and total PCDF concentrations did not correlate with body length (both r(2) < 0.1, both p > 0.05), whereas the total non-ortho PCB and total mono-ortho PCB (coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, Co-PCBs) concentrations were significantly correlated (r(2)= 0.8, p < 0.05 and r(2)= 0.63, p < 0.05, respectively). The bioaccumulation properties of PCDD/Fs in Japanese flounder differed from those of Co-PCBs. Toxicity equivalency quotient (TEQ) values derived from the Co-PCBs made up 46.3%-63.7% of the total TEQ value for all the dioxins. Although the concentrations of non-ortho PCBs were lower than those of mono-ortho PCBs, the TEQ value for non-ortho PCBs was higher than that for mono-ortho PCBs. The TEQ value for non-ortho PCBs increased more with increasing body length than did the values for PCDDs, PCDFs, and mono-ortho PCBs. These results show that from the standpoint of risk management, non-ortho Co-PCBs are the most important of the dioxins in Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this paper is to study the hydrological characteristics and origin of the hydrogen sulphide spring water from the Split spa in Southern Croatia in 1987, 1988 and 2003. This paper presents the results of monitoring the content of chlorides and hydrogen sulphide as well as the temperature of the hydrogen sulphide spring water. Since the hydrogen sulphide content during the dry periods significantly differs from the hydrogen sulphide content during rainy periods, this paper also compares the results obtained for those two periods. Under the influence of great quantities of rainfall during cold periods (winter and the beginning of spring) the ratio between seawater and surface water changes and thus the reduction of chlorides and other minerals occurs. The lowered temperature also reduces hydrogen sulphide which can disappear completely. The concentration of 12‰ chlorides (76–94.4% days/year) and 12 mg/L hydrogen sulphide (66.7–88.9% days/year) has been taken as a limit value between water with a normal typical content and water in cold rainy periods. According to the monitoring results it can be concluded that hydrogen sulphide spring water consists of seawater and hydrogencarbonate surface water with a fairly constant content during dry periods while the hydrogencarbonate content increases during rainy periods.  相似文献   

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