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在分析国内外空气质量发布情况的基础上,确定了区域空气质量实况发布的内容与形式,并以此为指导优化了区域空气质量监测网络,创立了网络化质量保证与质量控制体系,建立了发布数据的自动化审核方法与工作流程,开发了区域空气质量空间分析优化算法与集成展示技术,设计、研制了区域空气质量实况发布平台,并创新了实况发布体系运行管理机制,顺利实现了珠三角区域空气质量实况发布。同时对我国空气质量信息发布进行了展望。 相似文献
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空气质量预报的改进 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
江峰琴 《环境监测管理与技术》2004,16(2):5-6
阐述了发布空气质量预报的意义。以江苏省为例,指出目前在空气质量预报工作中存在发布途径狭窄、准确率不够高、缺少区域性和趋势性等问题,建议拓宽预报发布渠道,加强指标解释,提高预报的准确性,尽快开展空气污染趋势预报和区域预报研究。 相似文献
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长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统及其在上海世博会的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
陆涛 《环境监测管理与技术》2011,23(5):68-73
为保障上海世博会空气质量,开发了长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统.系统由区域数据共享、预报预警、信息发布和应急联动等4个子系统构成,采用自动质量控制检查、多模式集合预报、秸秆焚烧火点判定、预警联动机制研究、GIS自动化处理和表达等关键技术.在上海世博会期间,实时监控和预测了长三角区域空气质量状况和变化趋势,发布了5次大气... 相似文献
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上海世博会长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统开发与应用 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
围绕2010年上海世博会空气质量保障目标,开发了长三角区域空气质量预警联动系统.系统主要由区域数据共享、预报预警、信息发布和应急联动等4个子系统构成,运用了自动质量控制检查、多模式集合预报、秸秆焚烧火点判定、预警联动机制研究、GIS自动化处理和表达等关键技术.在世博会期间,实时监控了长三角区域空气质量状况,科学预测了空气质量未来变化趋势,成功发布了5次大气污染预警,启动了应急联动措施,为世博空气质量保障提供了坚实的技术基础.同时,该系统也是一次跨行政区解决区域性空气污染问题的有益实践,具有十分重要的示范意义. 相似文献
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An Index to Measure Depreciation in Air Quality in Some Coal Mining Areas of Korba Industrial Belt of Chhattisgarh, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,122(1-3):309-317
The comparison with National Ambient Air Quality Standards does not always depict a true pic-ture of the Air Quality Status of a study area. As an alternative an index that measures depreciation in Air Quality on more realistic terms has been proposed and
applied to the ambient air monitoring data collected from some areas of Korba Coalfields in India. Results have been discussed in detail to illustrate the applica-tion of the proposed index and utility in bringing out more realistic air quality assessment. 相似文献
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Ravindra K Mor S Ameena Kamyotra JS Kaushik CP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(2):145-153
Spatial patterns of various criteria air pollutants,like SO2, NO2, O3, and TSP were studied atShahdara National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stationin Delhi (India) in July 1999. The minimum pollutantconcentrations were observed during morning hours,whereas the highest concentrations were found during thelate night hours, which seem to be related with thevehicular emission. Pre-monsoon daily ambient airquality spatial pattern was compared with the spatialpattern during initial and subsequent rain shower ofmonsoon. These spatial patterns were found to beessentially the same before and during rain, however asignificant decrease in SO2, NO2 and TSPconcentrations (40-45%) was observed after initial andsubsequent rains of the monsoon, demonstrating theimportance of rainfall in the scavenging of thesecriteria air pollutants. 相似文献
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Shilpa Rao Vadim Chirkov Frank Dentener Rita Van Dingenen Shonali Pachauri Pallav Purohit Markus Amann Chris Heyes Patrick Kinney Peter Kolp Zbigniew Klimont Keywan Riahi Wolfgang Schoepp 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(6):613-622
Air pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to global health outcomes. A methodological framework for evaluating the global health-related outcomes of outdoor and indoor (household) air pollution is presented and validated for the year 2005. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5 are estimated with a combination of energy and atmospheric models, with detailed representation of urban and rural spatial exposures. Populations dependent on solid fuels are established with household survey data. Health impacts for outdoor and household air pollution are independently calculated using the fractions of disease that can be attributed to ambient air pollution exposure and solid fuel use. Estimated ambient pollution concentrations indicate that more than 80% of the population exceeds the WHO Air Quality Guidelines in 2005. In addition, 3.26?billion people were found to use solid fuel for cooking in three regions of Sub Saharan Africa, South Asia and Pacific Asia in 2005. Outdoor air pollution results in 2.7?million deaths or 23?million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) while household air pollution from solid fuel use and related indoor smoke results in 2.1?million deaths or 41.6?million DALYs. The higher morbidity from household air pollution can be attributed to children below the age of 5 in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia. The burden of disease from air pollution is found to be significant, thus indicating the importance of policy interventions. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to study the spatial patterns of ambient air quality in Delhi in the absence of extensive datasets needed for space-time modeling. A spatial classification was attempted on the basis of ambient air quality data of nine years (1998 is latest year for which published data were available) for three criteria pollutants--nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and suspended particulate matter. Monitoring stations take 24-hour samples twice a week. Published monthly average concentration data were used in this study. A hierarchical agglomerative algorithm using the average linkage between groups method and the Euclidean distance metric was used. Cluster analysis indicated that till 1998, by and large, two distinct classes existed. The results of cluster analysis prompted an investigation of systematic biases in the monitored data. No statistically significant differences in the mean concentration of all pollutants were observed between stations belonging to different land-use types (residential and industrial). This fact would be useful, if and when the authorities consider modifying the network or expanding it in Delhi. The results also support the recommendation that Delhi have a uniform standard across all areas. This study has provided a methodology for Indian researchers and practitioners to do an exploratory study of spatial patterns of air pollution and data quality issues in Indian cities using the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring System data. 相似文献
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美国加州南岸地区空气质量监测系统运行管理与借鉴 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
借鉴加州南岸空气质量监测管理经验(特别是运行管理模式)对于现阶段我国城市环境空气质量监测管理具有极高的参考价值。简要介绍了加州南岸空气质量管理局( SCAQMD)的空气质量监测现状、监测网络布局、颗粒物采样方法和相关质量管理体系。对现行的环境空气质量指数、管理架构和PM2?5考核方法进行了综合比较,建议从4个方面借鉴SCAQMD经验:试行“空气质量管理区”模式;开展专项研究网络建设;逐步开展手工监测采样和颗粒物化学组分分析;提升数据挖掘水平,服务管理决策。 相似文献
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In the United States, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 require that all non-attainment metropolitan areas evaluate the potential of transportation controls in meeting 1982 National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Many of these controls are designed to impact on mobile source emissions by altering vehicular speed. The paper discusses differences in results obtained by two alternative methods for estimating the same area's mobile source emissions. The findings suggest that alternative zonal speed aggregation procedures can lead to widely diverging emission estimates. The paper further discusses the inherent assumptions in the aggregation procedures and the potential consequences of their uses in transportation planning for air quality controls. 相似文献
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Air pollution leads to serious negative impacts on health. Thephysical evidence is compelling. An attempt has been made inthis paper to establish dose-response relationship of AmbientAir Quality Index and human health, based on time spent by anindividual in different microenvironments during one day.Economic valuation of morbidity and mortality has been attemptedthrough lost salary approach. The results show that theavoidance cost is 29% of the total health damage cost. 相似文献
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对铬及其化合物工业项目排放废气中特征污染物的监测方法和评价标准问题进行探讨,提出了验收监测应参考《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB 16297—1996)的建议;通过对监测数据的合理性和逻辑性分析,提出了现场监测和数据审核的注意事项,应严格监控工况,并详细记录关键设备运行参数;提出应把废气中六价铬作为特征污染物控制指标,并结合新颁布的《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)中对六价铬的要求,确定合理的排放限值,并研究适合的配套监测方法,为后续铬及其化合物工业污染物排放标准以及特征污染物监测方法的制修订提供技术依据。 相似文献