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1.
海口市城区不同下垫面降雨径流污染特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
分析海口市4种主要下垫面的径流水质,研究其污染程度和变化规律,并与国内其他城市进行对比。监测项目包括pH、SS、CODCr、TN、TP、Pb、Cr、Cd、Zn、石油类。结果表明,各下垫面径流水样水质较好,除路面径流CODCr超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)V类标准2倍,其他水质指标均达到标准要求;各污染物浓度初期较高,随降雨历时降低并趋于稳定,绿地径流污染物浓度下降速率比路面与屋面缓慢;相比国内其他海边城市,海口城区污染程度较轻。  相似文献   

2.
通过采集杭州市临安区不同功能区6个监测点3次降雨径流过程的水样,监测降雨径流中总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、化学需氧量(COD)的EMC值,分析城市道路地表径流污染特征。结果表明,临安区不同功能区路面降雨径流中相同污染物浓度不同,降雨径流污染物EMC平均值由高到低为商业区交通区居民区文教区。降雨径流污染物EMC值随着降雨时间增加逐渐降低。降雨前期空气污染越严重,降雨径流污染物浓度越高,即冬季降雨径流污染物浓度大体上高于秋季。  相似文献   

3.
北京市水环境非点源污染监测与负荷估算研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
文章对北京全市域范围开展水环境非点源污染监测以及污染负荷估算研究。监测结果表明,天然降雨氨氮、总氮污染程度高;城区典型下垫面降雨径流的有机污染十分严重,其中屋面降雨径流总氮和氨氮污染最严重,路面降雨径流COD和总磷污染最严重;下垫面降雨径流汇入城市排水管网后,由于冲洗下水道中的沉积物,使得水质污染进一步恶化。农业典型小流域面源污染对水质影响也很明显。城市非点源污染负荷估算选用SWMM暴雨径流模型,农业非点源污染负荷模型选用改进的输出系数模型,估算结果表明:城市非点源污染主要来自大气湿沉降、综合用地、路面和屋面等,农业非点源污染主要来自耕地和林地;全市污染物排放总量中,点源排放总量与非点源排放总量基本各占50%左右。为进一步挖掘污染减排空间,完善总量减排体系提供了依据。  相似文献   

4.
北京市城市非点源污染特征的研究   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18  
通过监测降雨径流水质,研究了北京市城市非点源污染的特征。结果表明,北京市城市地表径流水排入任何地表水体都会对其造成污染,且城市地表径流水的大部分水质指标已经达到了污水综合排放的三级标准,因此,我们对待城市地表径流水应该如对待污水一样处理。对于TN、TP、CODCr、BOD5浓度,路面径流要高于屋顶径流,而对于SS浓度,屋顶径流高于路面径流。总磷TP颗粒吸附态的污染物对总污染物的贡献最大,对于路面径流高达83.1%,对于屋顶径流为68.6%,其次是CODCr,总氮TN的颗粒吸附态的贡献较低。通过沉积或过滤去除城市地表径流中的悬浮颗粒物,可以提高城市地表径流的水质。所有污染物随降雨过程变化的总体趋势为雨水初期径流污染物浓度很高,随降雨历时的延长,污染物浓度逐渐下降并趋于稳定。初期径流危害较大。  相似文献   

5.
天津市区道路地表径流污染特征研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从实际地表径流水质实地监测和实验室分析出发,理论与实践相结合,揭示了天津市区道路地表径流主要污染物的相关性及不同污染物随降雨历时动态变化规律,全年道路地表径流水质季节变化规律,全面剖析了天津市区降雨径流的污染特征,并由此提出相应的处理措施和合理化建议,为天津城市雨水污染控制提供了基础研究.  相似文献   

6.
为了探讨2009年入秋至2010年春,西南百年一遇大旱后城市降雨径流中重金属污染特性,对昆明市交通干道路面及路旁一处混凝土屋面的3次降雨径流进行了监测,研究了城区降雨径流中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Fe、Mn、Cr的变化过程,分析了不同重金属之间、重金属与悬浮物(SS)之间的相关性。3次降雨径流中重金属质量浓度随降雨呈不同程度下降。大旱后的首次降雨径流重金属污染最严重,次日的降雨径流重金属污染最轻。降雨径流中各重金属均与SS在含量上明显相关,径流中的重金属主要以吸附在SS上的不溶态存在。屋面与路面径流中的大多数重金属具有良好的同源性。  相似文献   

7.
以万州区海绵城市建设试点为研究对象,采用自组织映射神经网络(SOM网络),通过径流污染指标变量与影响因素变量的U〖CD*2〗矩阵识别降雨径流污染的主要影响因素及其相关性,并利用构建的场次降雨污染物平均浓度(EMC)预测模型分析确定各因素的影响强度。结果表明,有限的监测数据难以识别径流污染的显著影响因素,而采用SOM组分面(矩阵)可直观地半定量解译各污染物间的相关关系,与Pearson定量相关性分析结果吻合。SOM网络可有效识别径流污染物的主要影响因素,其中SS、COD和TP污染物主要受降雨量和径流系数影响,NO-3-N和NH3-N受降雨量和降雨历时影响,而TN则主要受径流系数驱动影响。  相似文献   

8.
通过在典型山地城区重庆北碚区香溪美林区域选择屋面及道路、砖石、绿地3类不同下垫面进行降雨采样监测并结合现有资料,分析初期雨水径流特征。结果表明:2016—2017年重庆北碚区小雨占总降雨天数的80.4%,暴雨仅占1.3%,平均降雨量为9 mm,平均降雨强度为9.75 mm/h,降雨历时以中、短历时(1 h~6 h)为主,多为单峰降雨。降雨初期径流量变化较快,中后期变化平稳。降雨强度相同时,屋面及道路径流量最大,绿地最小。初次径流形成时间随屋面及道路、砖石、绿地依次递增,随降雨强度增强而缩短。  相似文献   

9.
城市合流制管网降雨径流污染特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对北京市老城区合流制管网排除系统下游干管进行降雨径流监测,分析降雨径流和生活污水混合后的水质变化特征,以便为合流制管网污染控制提供数据依据。结果表明北京市合流制管网污染程度较高,其污染过程受降雨过程、管道汇流过程、地表径流污染特征和管道沉积物冲刷等综合影响。  相似文献   

10.
滇池东南岸农业和富磷区入湖河流地表径流及污染特征   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
应用聚类分析与因子分析方法,通过8次常规监测,对滇池东南岸10条以农业面源和受磷矿开采区影响的入湖河流的地表径流及其水质污染特征进行了分析,并探讨了其空间差异性。在南岸选取降雨过程相同的3条河流,开展暴雨径流监测,探讨污染物在降雨过程中的流失特征。结果表明,新宝象河的平均流量为2.6 m3/s,占总入湖流量的26.5%;总氮、总磷、化学需氧量、悬浮物是滇池的主要污染指标,许多河流均已严重超标。河流水质在空间上可分为3类,具有明显的空间差异性。总氮、总磷、溶解磷、硝态氮对水质污染的贡献率达到了53.636%,氮、磷含量是河流水质污染的主要贡献因子。降雨条件下化学需氧量、悬浮物浓度增长迅速,流量、悬浮物与大多数水质指标均有相关性,磷矿开采对河流水质的影响在降雨条件下更加明显,其悬浮物浓度在降雨条件下比只受农业面源影响的河流最高高出1.9倍。  相似文献   

11.
长湖流域水质时空分布特征及影响因子   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用2009—2014年长湖5个水质监测点数据,采用时间序列法分析了长湖水质的时间变化规律,采用相关性分析法,分析了流域水污染的影响因子。结果表明:在时间上,长湖水污染物质量浓度季节变化明显,COD、TN、NH3-N均为7、9月较低,1、3月较高,丰水期水质好于枯水期。入湖地区TP质量浓度7月达最高值,且7月份入湖地区的桥河口、关沮口的NH3-N、TN含量稍高于5月。空间上,西北部入湖地区水质劣于湖心及东南部出湖地区。工业、生活等点源污水,以耕地为主的农业非点源以及天然降水量和径流量是影响水质的主要因素,入湖排污量、降水量和径流量与长湖水质呈显著相关关系(P0.05)。  相似文献   

12.
The purposes of this study were to assess the quality of rainstorm runoffs from an industrial park developed to accommodate general industries in Taiwan and to investigate the possible contributors of pollutants in the runoffs. Rainstorm runoffs from this industrial park were found to contain COD and TSS with average event mean concentrations of two events of 2,202.6 ± 1,356 and 784.7 ± 409 mg/l, respectively. The pollution level of these runoffs was found to be tens of times higher than that which may be contributed by accumulation of pollutants in top soils. Other possible sources of the pollutants were those accumulated in rainwater discharge channels and those which overflow from individual pre-treatment plants within the industrial lots. The assessment results are useful in devising the best management practices for the stormwater discharges. The heavy loadings suggest that installations of additional runoff pollution control practices at different zones are necessary at this and similar industrial parks.  相似文献   

13.
概述了国内外绿色屋顶径流水质监测发展状况,并从绿色屋顶径流收集、降雨场次、监测指标、径流水质和污染物传输的影响因子等方面进行了归纳和总结。基于水量和水质管理,从几何尺寸、土壤类型和厚度、植被和维护等方面阐述了绿色屋顶在城市排水系统中的作用和地位。揭示了绿色屋顶需要开展长期的监测和研究,绿色屋顶径流水质监测逐渐向采样自动化和分析自动化方向发展。  相似文献   

14.
This study investigates the spatial water quality pattern of seven stations located along the main Langat River. Environmetric methods, namely, the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), the discriminant analysis (DA), the principal component analysis (PCA), and the factor analysis (FA), were used to study the spatial variations of the most significant water quality variables and to determine the origin of pollution sources. Twenty-three water quality parameters were initially selected and analyzed. Three spatial clusters were formed based on HACA. These clusters are designated as downstream of Langat river, middle stream of Langat river, and upstream of Langat River regions. Forward and backward stepwise DA managed to discriminate six and seven water quality variables, respectively, from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to investigate the origin of each water quality variable due to land use activities based on the three clustered regions. Seven principal components (PCs) were obtained with 81% total variation for the high-pollution source (HPS) region, while six PCs with 71% and 79% total variances were obtained for the moderate-pollution source (MPS) and low-pollution source (LPS) regions, respectively. The pollution sources for the HPS and MPS are of anthropogenic sources (industrial, municipal waste, and agricultural runoff). For the LPS region, the domestic and agricultural runoffs are the main sources of pollution. From this study, we can conclude that the application of environmetric methods can reveal meaningful information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data.  相似文献   

15.
Constructing ponds to protect downstream ecosystems is a common practice in opencast coal mine reclamation. As these ponds remain integrated in the landscape, it is important to evaluate the extent of the effect of mine pollution on these ecosystems. However, this point has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. The main objective of this work was to explore the metal pollution in man-made ponds constructed for runoff control in reclaimed opencast coal mines over time. To do so, we evaluated the concentration of ten heavy metals in the water, sediment, and Typha sp. in 16 runoff ponds ranging from 1 to 19 years old that were constructed in reclaimed opencast coal mines of northeastern Spain. To evaluate degree of mining pollution, we compared these data to those from a pit lake created in a local unreclaimed mine and to local streams as an unpolluted reference, as well as comparing toxicity levels in aquatic organisms. The runoff ponds showed toxic concentrations of Al, Cu, and Ni in the water and As and Ni in the sediment, which were maintained over time. Metal concentrations in runoff ponds were higher than in local streams, and macrophytes showed high metal concentrations. Nevertheless, metal concentrations in water and sediment in runoff ponds were lower than those in the pit lake. This study highlights the importance of mining reclamation to preserve the health of aquatic ecosystems and suggests the existence of chronic metal toxicity in the ponds, potentially jeopardizing pond ecological functions and services.  相似文献   

16.
Non-point source water pollution is a major problem in most parts of the world, but is also very difficult to quantify and control since it is not easily separated from point sources and can theoretically originate from the whole watershed. In this article, we evaluate the relationship between land use and land cover and four water pollution parameters in a watershed in Southeast Brazil. The four parameters are nitrate, total ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorous, and dissolved oxygen. To help concentrate on non-point source pollution, only data from the wet seasons of the time period (2001–2013) were analysed, based on the fact that precipitation causes runoff which is the main cause of diffuse pollution. The parameters measured were transformed into loads, which were in turn associated with an exclusive contribution area, so that every measuring station could be considered independent. Analyses were also performed on riparian zones of different widths to verify if the effect of the land cover on the water quality of the stream decreases with the increased distance. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate that urban areas and agriculture/pasture tend to worsen water quality (source). Conversely, forest and riparian areas have a reducing effect on pollution (sink). The best results were obtained for total ammonia nitrogen and dissolved oxygen using the whole exclusive contribution areas with determination coefficients better than R2≈0.8. Nitrate and total phosphorous did not produce valid models. We suspect that the transformation delay from total ammonia nitrogen to nitrate might be an important factor for the poor result for this parameter. For phosphorous, we think that the phosphorous sink in the bottom sediment might be the most limiting factor explaining the failure of our models.  相似文献   

17.
Copper sheeting is a common roofing material used in many parts of the world. However, copper dissolved from roof sheeting represents a source of copper ions to watersheds. Researchers have studied and recently developed a simple and efficient model to predict copper runoff rates. Important input parameters include precipitation amount, rain pH, and roof angle. We hypothesized that the length of a roof also positively correlates with copper concentration (thus, runoff rates) on the basis that runoff concentrations should positively correlate with contact time between acidic rain and the copper sheet. In this study, a novel system was designed to test and model the effects of roof length (length of roof from crown to the drip edge) on runoff copper concentrations relative to rain pH and roof angle. The system consisted of a flat-bottom copper trough mounted on an apparatus that allowed run length and slope to be varied. Water of known chemistry was trickled down the trough at a constant rate and sampled at the bottom. Consistent with other studies, as pH of the synthetic rainwater decreased, runoff copper concentrations increased. At all pH values tested, these results indicated that run length was more important in explaining variability in copper concentrations than was the roof slope. The regression equation with log-transformed data (R 2 = 0.873) accounted for slightly more variability than the equation with untransformed data (R 2 = 0.834). In log-transformed data, roof angle was not significant in predicting copper concentrations.  相似文献   

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