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1.
选取35台装机容量30万千瓦以上大型火电机组,进行了为期2年的监测。总结出大型火电机组二氧化硫排放规律,对大型火电机组燃煤含硫量、脱硫设施脱硫效率和二氧化硫排放浓度三者间的关系进行了统计分析,建立了线性回归方程,进而对燃用不同含硫量燃煤的火电机组执行不同排放标准时,配套脱硫设施需要达到的脱硫效率进行了预测。  相似文献   

2.
一、前言近年来,南京市大气二氧化硫的污染现状及成因已有不少报道.但是有关大气二氧化硫、三氧化硫与市区主要绿化树木悬铃木叶片含硫量之间有什么样的关系?1988年7月和9月对市区各不同功能行政区悬铃木叶片含硫量进行了采样、分析;并同时对空气中三氧化硫进行了监测,根据已存的SO_2资料,探讨了它们之间的相关性,取得了满意的结果.二、方法  相似文献   

3.
建立了艾士卡-离子色谱测定植物中含硫量的方法,该法利用植物样品与艾士卡试剂的混合灼烧,将植物中的硫转化为硫酸盐进行测定,再根据硫酸根的含量计算植物中含硫量。经验证,该方法检出限为0.01%,精密度为2.3%~3.9%,回收率为91.7%~104.3%,适用于植物中含硫量的测定。  相似文献   

4.
全国火电厂二氧化硫污染现状及其控制对策   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
火电行业飞速发展的同时引发了二氧化硫的大量排放。文章在总结全国火电厂二氧化硫排放现状的基础上提出,火电厂二氧化硫是全国二氧化硫排放大户,其排放量占全国工业二氧化硫排放量的42%,且有逐年递增的趋势,而其去除率却一直保持一个较低的水平;大型火电厂又是电厂中二氧化硫的排放大户,且主要集中在广东、江苏、河北、山东、河南等几个省,这几个省应成为火电厂二氧化硫排放的重点监控对象。文章最后提出了电厂减排二氧化硫的几点对策和建议。  相似文献   

5.
植物大气污染响应高光谱监测实例研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选择某钢铁企业绿化树种桂花当年生叶片作为供试样本,测试叶片光谱反射率之后分别测试叶液pH值、叶片含硫量、叶绿素含量、叶片含水量,研究生长在S02 污染环境下桂花叶片光谱的变化以及相应的部分生理生化指标的变化.研究表明,污染较严重生产区采集的叶片光谱反射率和红边斜率均较生活区低.叶片含硫量随大气SO2 浓度的增减而相应地变化,叶片叶绿素含量、叶液pH值、叶片含水量的变化规律与叶片含硫量和大气SO2浓度的变化规律相反.  相似文献   

6.
从二氧化硫对健康的影响及厨房二氧化硫污染水平等方面,研究了厨房空气中二氧化硫的卫生标准,参考国内外有关大气、室内空气、车间内二氧化硫的卫生标准,综合提出厨房空气中二氧化硫1h的卫生标准为1.0mg/m^3。  相似文献   

7.
通过对仪征化纤厂热电厂现有污染源二氧化硫排放情况、周围地区二氧化硫分布规律、变化规律的调查及浓度的监测分析,并在此基础上做了该厂二氧化硫对环境影响的预测评价。结果表明,周围地区的二氧化硫浓度分布符合国家大气环境质量二级标准。  相似文献   

8.
根据1999-2003年白银区环境质量二氧化硫监测结果和大气污染源调查统计资料,分析了近5年白银区环境空气中二氧化硫污染现状和二氧化硫浓度年、季、月变化规律,利用Daniel趋势检验法对二氧化硫污染进行了发展趋势分析。  相似文献   

9.
为掌握非色散红外吸收光谱法(NDIR)、紫外差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)、非色散紫外吸收光谱法(NDUV)、红外激光吸收光谱法(OFCEAS)测定烟气中低浓度二氧化硫的差异,通过方法比对实验,对基于不同原理二氧化硫分析仪的响应时间、重复性、线性误差、干扰因素等进行研究。结果表明,不同原理的低浓度二氧化硫分析仪在响应时间、线性误差、重复性、漂移等基本性能上均能满足《HJ/T 76—2007》的要求,但不同原理之间性能指标差异也很明显。不同露点温度对基于NDIR和NDUV法的二氧化硫分析仪有正干扰,CO不干扰二氧化硫的测定,CH4对基于NDIR和OFCEAS法的二氧化硫分析仪有正干扰,NH3和HCl对基于DOAS法的二氧化硫分析仪有正干扰。  相似文献   

10.
二氧化硫是中国重点管控的废气污染物。固定污染源废气二氧化硫测定有定电位电解法、非分散红外吸收法、碘量法等,其中非分散红外吸收法具有选择性好、寿命长、灵敏度高等优势,是固定污染源废气二氧化硫测定的常见方法。在波长为7.3 μm附近的红外吸收波段,甲烷和二氧化硫的特征吸收峰有明显重叠,造成交叉干扰。实验研究表明:甲烷将对二氧化硫的测定引入5%左右的正干扰。现场验证表明:对于含有高浓度甲烷的焦化废气,非分散红外吸收法测定二氧化硫结果显著偏高,经过数学修正后与其他方法可比。在应用非分散红外吸收法测定二氧化硫时,应确认烟气中不含甲烷或其浓度很低,否则应当采取有效手段消除或减小甲烷的干扰。  相似文献   

11.
张掖市是国务院划定的SO2污染控制区之一,其SO2污染严重程度居全国前列,本研究以环境空气SO2监测和SO2污染源监测调查为基础,以ATDL模式为模拟手段,对张掖市SO2控制区的污染源进行了解析,分析找出造成该控制区SO2污染的根本原因,从而为制定SO2污染总量控制方案奠定科学基础。  相似文献   

12.
During the last two decades, the importance of sulphur dioxide as a pollutant has moved away from its association with suspended particulate matter, to it being a precursor of SO 4 2- aerosol (acidic e.g. sulphuric acid, or neutralised e.g. ammonium sulphate). Co-located concentration data of sulphur dioxide and SO 4 2- , at nine monitoring sites situated in predominantly rural areas in the United Kingdom, collected over the time period 1979–1995, have been analysed. The time series for both species are discussed for the sites. Further analysis has shown that there is a degree of correlation between sulphur dioxide and SO 4 2- for most of the sites considered. This correlation is of approximately the same level for most of the sites taken independently and together, and in most cases the slopes and intercepts associated with the simple empirical model equations arising from the correlation analysis, are of the same order of magnitude. The implementation of these site-dependent model equations within dispersion models for the prediction of the concentration of airborne sulphate aerosol from knowledge of sulphur dioxide concentration is discussed. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed the influence of transported sulphate aerosol on the local concentration, especially during high concentration episodes.  相似文献   

13.
This study used manual air sampling method to assess the contribution of road traffic to air pollution level in Dar-es-Salaam City, Tanzania. Samples were collected from 11 different sites. Parameters measured were: sulphur dioxide using pararosaniline method, nitrogen dioxide using saltzman method, particulate matter and particulate lead using filtration method and atomic absorption spectrometric method, respectively. Results showed that hourly average sulphur dioxide concentration range from 127 to 1385 g/m3. The measured values of sulphur dioxide were above the recommended WHO guidelines with an hourly objective value of 350 g/m3 at 87% of the sampling sites. The hourly average nitrogen dioxide concentration ranged from 18 to 53 g/m3. The maximum hourly nitrogen dioxide concentration at 53 g/m3 was below the WHO guideline value of 200 g/m3. The hourly average suspended particulate matter (SPM) ranged from 98 to 1161 g/m3, exceeding the recommended value of 230 g/m3 by WHO at 87% of the sampling sites. The hourly average lead concentration was found to range from 0.60 to 25.6 g/m3, exceeding again the WHO guideline value of 1.5 g/m3at 83% of the sampling sites. Results predicted by Gaussian model when compared with the measured values were found to have a correlation coefficient of 0.8, signifying a good correlation. The risk assessment was undertaken considering the people who spend a significant portion of their time near the roads, such as the Uhuru primary school pupils and the adult population who reside by the roadside. The unit risk realised was 18.2 × 10–6 for adult population and 2.2 × 10–6 for pupils, both scenarios showing risk higher than the United Sates of America Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable limit of 1× 10–6. Considering the magnitude of the problem at hand, this study recommends an introduction of mandatory emission tests of SPM, lead and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The study further recommends the introduction of continuous and/or regular air quality monitoring and the use non-leaded petrol in Tanzania.  相似文献   

14.
Norwich is the eastern most city in the United Kingdom. Despite a population of only 100,000 and very little local industry, studies have shown that the city experiences levels of nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulates and sulphur dioxide exceeding the UK Air Quality Standards. Because of Norwich's situation within a large, predominantly rural area a large non-resident workforce is one factor that contributes to large, often very congested traffic flows. The city's location close to the European mainland also exposes it to polluted airmasses transported from the continent, especially in the case of particulates and ozone. In order to assess the relative contributions of local and regional sources, data from rural and urban monitoring sites are to be used in conjunction with ADMS-Urban and the UK Meteorological Office's NAME model.  相似文献   

15.
Sulphur dioxide and PM10 levels are investigated in Erzurum during the periods of 1990–2000 heating season to assess air pollution level. For that reason, emissions of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were calculated by using consumption of fuels and Turkish emission factors. These emission values were evaluated together with air pollution levels, which were measured at six stations in Erzurum atmosphere during 1990–2000 winter periods. Results reveal that in 1990–1994 heating period, there is an increasing trend in the emissions and air pollution levels over Erzurum, and the air quality limits were not met. The daily 24 h limit (short-term limit) was exceeded 127 days in 1992–1993 winter period. The reason for this increase was found to be the switching to use of low-quality fossil fuels instead of cleaner ones. Results also indicated that there was a considerable decrease in emissions of air pollutants and air pollution levels after 1995. This can be explained by the consumption of more high-quality fossil fuels. The correlation coefficient of SO2 with PM10 is obtained as r2 = 0.85, which is a high value supporting the idea that both pollutants are emitted from the same source.  相似文献   

16.
黄建  沈菁 《干旱环境监测》1993,7(4):238-240
通过研究大气中硫氧化物与气象因素之间的相关关系,从而建立起城市大气中硫氧化物的统计预测模型,该模型经验证,实用可靠.  相似文献   

17.
This paper describes the application of an optimisation model for calculating cost-effective abatement strategies for the reduction of acidification in Europe while taking into account the dynamic character of soil acidification in a number of countries. Environmental constraints are defined in terms of soil quality indicators, e.g., pH, base saturation or the aluminium ion concentration in the soil solution within an optimisation model for transboundary air pollution.We present a case study for Ireland and the United Kingdom. Our results indicate that reduction of sulphur dioxide emission is more cost-effective than that of nitrogen oxides or ammonia. The reduction percentages for sulphur dioxide are highest, for two reasons: (i) marginal sulphur dioxide reduction costs are relatively low compared to marginal reduction costs of nitrogen oxides and ammonia and (ii) sulphur dioxide reduction is more effective in reducing acidification in physical terms than nitrogen oxides or ammonia abatement. Our dynamic analysis shows that a (fast) improvement of soil quality requires high emission reduction levels. These reduction levels are often higher than reduction levels that are typically deduced from the static critical loads approach. Once soil quality targets are reached, in our model, less stringent emission reductions are required to maintain the soil quality at a constant and good target level. Static critical load approaches that ignore dynamic aspects therefore may underestimate the emission reductions needed to achieve predefined soil quality targets.  相似文献   

18.
An overview is presented of the development and ongoing activities of the WHO/UNEP air quality monitoring project. The project started in 1973 and is part of the Global Environmental Monitoring System. An analysis of the sulphur dioxide and suspended particulate matter is also included. The results show that the annual mean concentration for sulphur dioxide has decreased since 1973; for suspended particulate matter, however, a gradual increase is observed since 1976.  相似文献   

19.
Air quality is especially important in surface layers, for it is this layer that provides the living components of environment with the needed oxygen and carbon dioxide. Various air polluting gases penetrate cells affecting and contaminating them. Chloroplast shell of some pine species, for instance, doubles under the impact of carbon dioxide which is followed by tillacoids swelling and reduction.Literature provides opinions of some authors, who consider Scotch pine needle to be a biological indicator of sulphur dioxide. Others object to it basing on the observations of physiological development.The property of a Scotch pine as that of biological indicator manifests in SO2 absorption by its needles. The analysis of total content of SO2 in the needles shows an increase of SO2 concentration.Sulphur in the needles is found in the form of organically bound sulphur, aminoacids, hormones as well as in the form of sulphates.Basing on our previous analysis we have generalized the data on the correlation concentrations of sulphur dioxide in the air and general concentrations of sulphur in the needles. We have supplemented the observations with the analyses of organically bound sulphur and concentrations of nonorganic sulphur. According to research data, needles contain a characteristic and rather stable quantity of organically bound sulphur.So we may state that the SO inf4 sup2– concentration and the amount of SO2 absorbed from the air are interdependent.Some authors state that SO inf4 sup2– content in the soil doesn't affect sulphur content in pine needles. That is why we studied the affect of SO inf4 sup2– content in the soil on sulphur content in Scotch pine needles.We could prove this statement by means of various kinds of analyses only partially. The ion transport is affected by the presence of other ions, pH and a lot of other factors.What may be said for sure is that different qualities of soils gave only minor and insignificant deviations.Hence our assumption about the SO2 contamination from air, proved by its effect on the soils, turns to suit approximate measurements.  相似文献   

20.
Sulphate-sulphur levels were determined in topsoils from areas of varying vehicular traffic densities, population densities and industrial activities in Ibadan City, Nigeria. The factors of traffic and population densities, as well as industrial activities, had been shown to correlate positively with ambient sulphur dioxide levels.The soil-SO 4 = levels correlated positively with gradients in the factors tested. Vehicular traffic density variations had the most pronounced and significant effect on the SO 4 = level trend. The results indicate that soil-SO 4 = levels may be indirectly empirically related to ambient sulphur dioxide levels derived from diffuse sources.  相似文献   

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