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简述了原有广州市环境空气自动监测网络情况,通过对环境空气自动监测网络的集成优化,增设站点、扩展监测项目和引入新技术,建立了一个"金字塔形"的集天地空一体化的环境空气监测网络,弥补了原有监测网络在反映环境空气质量总体水平、污染来源解析、预报预警所需的环境质量信息、对环境空气质量的评估等方面的不足,该网络已成功应用于广州亚运会的空气质量保障。 相似文献
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为独立评估环境空气连续自动监测系统运维质量,掌握环境空气监测数据准确性等信息,我国开展了环境空气连续自动监测系统性能审核工作,通过分析影响审核结果的相关因素,提出,性能审核标准气体浓度应接近实际监测空气中的气体浓度,性能审核时间的选择应满足《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)中数据统计的有效性规定,性能审核气体压力应保持恒定并接近实际采样时的气压,标准气体进样方式应通过日常采样管路等,从而进一步提高性能审核结果的科学性和准确性,为生态环境管理部门了解环境空气数据质量提供坚实基础。 相似文献
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DASIBI 1000系列环境空气自动监测系统常见故障分析及系统改进建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,环境空气自动监测已成为我国城市环境空气监测的主要技术手段,我国已有百余个城市拥有这类监测系统。针对美国DASIBI 1000系列环境空气自动监测系统日常运行中的一些常见故障进行分析,并提出解决方法和改进建议,以期与同类机型性能进行可比性分析和探讨。 相似文献
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环境空气质量自动监测系统质量保证工作的探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据全国多个省市的环境空气自动监测质量保证工作的经验和做法,结合乌鲁木齐市环境空气自动监测质量保证工作实际情况,对点位设置要求、制度体系建立、仪器质量控制难点、数据审核与研判等环境空气自动监测质量保证工作的关键环节进行探索,为加强环境空气自动监测质量保证体系提供参考依据. 相似文献
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浅谈环境空气自动监测系统运行过程中的质量保证与质量控制 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
进入21世纪,环境监测技术已逐步向自动化、电子化和网络化的方向发展。环境空气质量自动监测系统提供的数据具有准确性、可靠性和可比性,能够及时反映环境空气质量的动态变化、预测发展趋势和加快应急事件的控制过程。锦州市城市环境空气自动监测系统已经运行2年时间,在实际工作中对环境空气自动监测的质量保证和质量控制进行了探索,总结了一套较为可行的适合东北地区的质量保证和质量控制方法,取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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简要介绍了江苏省环境空气自动监测系统的发展现状,结合环境空气自动监测站日常工作中的质控措施,重点就子站运行、中心站数据处理、人员岗位、管理制度4个方面论述了环境空气自动监测系统的管理和质量保证。 相似文献
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重庆市环境质量自动监测(控)系统网络集成设计 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
针对目前重庆市环境空气质量自动监测现状,结合自动监控系统设计先进技术和国内部分省市已建成的环境信息监控网络的先进经验,对重庆市环境空气自动监测监控系统的建设进行设计,并介绍了环境空气质量自动监测监控系统的组成和实现的功能.现有的自动监测系统存在不同类型设备、通讯方式落后等问题,建设重庆市环境质量自动监控系统的思路是采用GPRS/CDMA/ADSL为主的数据通信传输技术,建立通信控制和信息集成系统,把重庆市环境空气、水、噪声自动监测系统进行系统化的集成,设计成一个完善的环境信息自动化动态监控平台. 相似文献
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An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
相似文献
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Ellis A. M. Franssen Brigit A. M. Staatsen Erik Lebret 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2002,22(6)
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside. 相似文献
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Clifford A. Hui John Y. Takekawa Sarah E. Warnock 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(2):107-121
The San Francisco Bay estuary isused by over one million shorebirds during springmigration and is home to several hundred thousandduring the winter. Most shorebird use occurs in thesouthern reach of the estuary (South Bay). Thereduced water circulation and discharge fromindustrial sources in the South Bay are responsiblefor the highest levels of some trace elements in theestuary. Wintering shorebirds have been found to havestrong site fidelity to areas as small as a fewkilometers in the South Bay, which may increase theirexposure to contaminants near local point sources. Inaddition, different shorebird species foraging at thesame site have been shown to have differentcontaminant burdens. Thus, our objectives were totest whether contaminant burdens differed by species,or whether contaminant burdens differed in shorebirdscollected at adjacent sites. We examined thecontaminant profiles of two species of shorebirds,long-billed dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus)and western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) thatforage together at two sites, Hayward and Newark,separated by 8 km in the South Bay. We usedmultivariate analysis of variance tests to compare thecomposition of 14 elemental analytes in their livertissues and estimated their molar ratios of Hg and Se. Composite samples were used for contaminant analysesbecause of the small body size of the shorebirds. Seven elemental analytes (Ag, Ba, Be, Cr, Ni, Pb, V)were below detection limits in a majority of thesamples so statistical analyses were precluded. Inthe measurable analytes (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Se, Zn),we found no significant intra-site differences ofcontaminant profiles for the two species. We pooledthe samples to examine inter-site differences andfound significant differences in contaminant profilesbetween shorebirds at the neighboring sites (P = 0.03). Shorebirds at Newark had higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of As, Cd, and Se than those at Hayward. Dowitchers at Newark had concentrations of Hg and Se which were highly correlated (P < 0.003) in a mean molar ratio of 1:19, similar tothat reported in other birds. In the larger dowitcherspecies, we also examined exposure to 20organochlorine compounds. Organic analyses showedthat the dowitchers had been exposed to DDE, PCBs,dieldrin and trans-nonachlor, but with no significantdifferences in concentrations between Hayward andNewark (P > 0.05). 相似文献
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土壤和底泥中砷、铬、锰测定的前处理技术 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
试验了土壤和底泥中砷的前处理技术,其目的是能对土壤、底泥中砷、铬、锰在一次前处理中制备成试液,比色法分析。试验表明,用H2SO4-H3PO4-H2O2进行前处理是可行的。方法简单、挥发酸雾少,用标准参考物质检验证明,分解完全,数据准确,有粒较好一致性。 相似文献
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This paper presents the chemical speciation and retention behavior of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) prior to
and after the electrokinetic remediation in glacial till soil. The speciation of the metals was predicted using the chemical
speciation program MINEQL+. The simulations were performed for single-contaminant with only Cr(VI) or Ni, and multi-contaminants consisting of: (1)
Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd; (2) Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (3) Cr(VI), Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (4) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd with reducing agents; and
(5) Cr(III), Ni, and Cd with oxidizing agent (Mn). The results showed that the speciation and distribution of cationic metals
[Ni, Cd, and Cr(III)] in glacial till soil remain unaffected or slightly affected during electrokinetics. This is attributed
to the high pH buffering capacity of the glacial till, leading the metals to precipitate in the soil prior to and after electrokinetics.
This study showed that during electrokinetics, Cr(VI) existed as anionic complex and migrated towards the anode and the migration
is maximum in case of a single-contaminant system. The study also showed that near the anode in the absence of any reducing
and oxidizing agent, Cr(VI) mostly adsorbed, and some of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and migrated towards the cathode and finally
precipitated due to high pH conditions. Ni and Cd remain adsorbed or precipitated due to the high pH conditions throughout
the soil. Among the reducing agents, the sulfide had significant effect on the migration of metals compared to ferrous ions.
While in the presence of oxidizing agent (Mn), no noticeable Cr(VI) was found in the soil sample indicating the reduction
of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the predominance of reducing conditions due to the presence of naturally occurring iron in the glacial
till soil. Overall, this study provides a reasonable explanation of the speciation and distribution of chromium, nickel and
cadmium during the electrokinetic remediation of glacial till soil. 相似文献
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Besser JM Brumbaugh WG May TW Schmitt CJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):227-241
We evaluated exposure of aquatic biota to lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) in streams draining a Pb-mining district
in southeast Missouri. Samples of plant biomass (detritus, periphyton, and filamentous algae), invertebrates (snails, crayfish,
and riffle benthos), and two taxa of fish were collected from seven sites closest to mining areas (mining sites), four sites
further downstream from mining (downstream sites), and eight reference sites in fall 2001. Samples of plant biomass from mining
sites had highest metal concentrations, with means 10- to 60-times greater than those for reference sites. Mean metal concentrations
in over 90% of samples of plant biomass from mining sites were significantly greater than those from reference sites. Mean
concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in most invertebrate samples from mining sites, and mean Pb concentrations in most fish samples
from mining sites, were also significantly greater than those from reference sites. Concentrations of all three metals were
lower in samples from downstream sites, but several samples of plant biomass from downstream sites had metal concentrations
significantly greater than those from reference sites. Analysis of supplemental samples collected in the fall of 2002, a year
of above-average stream discharge, had lower Pb concentrations and higher Cd concentrations than samples collected in 2001,
near the end of a multi-year drought. Concentrations of Pb measured in fish and invertebrates collected from mining sites
during 2001 and 2002 were similar to those measured at nearby sites in the 1970s, during the early years of mining in the
Viburnum Trend. Results of this study demonstrate that long-term Pb mining activity in southeast Missouri has resulted in
significantly elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in biota of receiving streams, compared to biota of similar streams
without direct influence of mining. Our results also demonstrate that metal exposure in the study area differed significantly
among sample types, habitats, and years, and that these factors should be carefully considered in the design of biomonitoring
studies. 相似文献
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The present study demonstrates comparison of Cr accumulatingpotential by the plants of Najas indica Cham. (submerged),Vallisneria spiralis L. (rooted submerged) and Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. (rooted emergent) under repeatedmetal exposure and its effect on chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These plants were treated with different concentrations of Cr under repeated exposure in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the maximum metal accumulationpotential. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated significantly high amount of Cr under laboratory conditions incomparison to N. indica and A. sessilis. The maximumaccumulation of 1378, 458 and 201 g g-1 dw Cr was found in the leaves of V. spiralis, N. indica and A. sessilis, respectively at 8 mg L-1 after 9 day of Cr exposure. These plants have shown a decrease in chlorophyll andprotein concentrations with increase in Cr concentrations. In view of high accumulation of Cr in V. spiralis, the plantswere treated with different concentrations of tannery effluent collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant, Unnao (UP). Theplants of V. spiralis treated with 100% tannery wastewatershowed the maximum accumulation (57.5 g g-1 dw) of Cr in the roots after 10 days of exposure. The plants were foundeffective in removing Cr from solution and tannery effluent. 相似文献
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日本核泄漏事故引发的核危机为人类安全和平地利用核能又一次敲响了警钟.核事故应急工作作为减小核电站危害环境和公众安全的最后屏障,将起到重要的作用,必须做好相关的准备和响应工作.核应急辐射环境监测工作是核应急工作的重要组成部分,在对核应急辐射环境监测进行准备和响应时主要遵循实用性、适用性和适度性并兼顾常规和应急监测的“平战... 相似文献