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1.
在分析兰州市城市生活垃圾产生量及成分的基础上,对兰州市生活垃圾的分类及分类收集的具体方法进行了探讨。  相似文献   

2.
通过问卷调查和走访相结合的方式,了解到兰州市垃圾收集的现状及存在的问题,对兰州市实行生活垃圾袋装化收集的作用进行了阐述.得出:实行袋装化收集对垃圾的清运,城市卫生建设,废物利用以及试行分类收集有着重要的作用,并对兰州市垃圾收集工作提出了相关建议.  相似文献   

3.
针对合肥市生活垃圾产量现状,通过建立时间序列(ARIMA)、多元线性回归(MLR)、灰色系统GM(1,1)和反向传播神经网络(BPNN)模型对历史数据进行验证比较分析。结果表明,ARIMA(0,1,2)模型的MAPE、MAE、RMSE、NRMSE分别为1.879%、2.240、2.781、0.021,其精度最高、效果最好,为合肥市生活垃圾产量的最佳预测模型。用该模型预测合肥市2021—2025年的城市生活垃圾产量,结果显示生活垃圾产生量为218.89万t~290.71万t。  相似文献   

4.
广州生活垃圾处理的思路与对策   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述了广州生活垃圾生成与处理的现状。指出了广州生活垃圾处理存在的主要问题,对广州市未来10 a—15 a生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。在对生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理成本进行比较的基础上,提出了广州生活垃圾处理的行动内容。  相似文献   

5.
农村生活垃圾污染防治对策探讨   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
根据江苏农村实际情况,针对如何防治农村生活垃圾污染,从加强宣传、农村人口城镇化、分类回收、源头削减、市场化运作5个方面进行了阐述.  相似文献   

6.
简述了城市生活垃圾分类处理的理论原则,对比分析了国内外城市生活垃圾分类处理在法律法规、资金保障措施、垃圾分类收集方式和全民环境意识教育4个方面的做法与特点。提出了健全垃圾分类处理体制机制,推进生产者延伸责任制模式,完善垃圾分类收运体系,提高全民环境意识水平的建议。  相似文献   

7.
近日从北京市政市容委获悉,为鼓励垃圾分类,北京将首次设立生活垃圾分类贡献奖和生活垃圾"零废弃"贡献奖两个奖项。其中,个人最高奖励500元,每年评选1 000人。北京市政市容委近日下发《北京市生活垃圾分类奖励细则》,对在垃圾分类中做出贡献的对象实施物质奖励,  相似文献   

8.
针对西藏农牧区地域广阔、居民点分散的特点,提出一种基于表面采样-图像分割技术的快速监测方法,即在采集照片后,利用Auto CAD软件测算图像中不同类别垃圾体所占的面积,将其作为垃圾体组成比例的二维指标进行统计,研究垃圾的组成情况,并根据可降解性、材质、来源用途三种分类方法进行分类,最后得到样点垃圾组成的基本信息。  相似文献   

9.
随着我国经济的快速发展,城市生活垃圾产生量日益增长,如何合理的处理及管理城市生活垃圾日益引起关注.本文通过对我国生活垃圾处理方式及发展趋势的分析,根据生活垃圾的特点及管理中存在的一些问题,提出了我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势及相应的管理对策.  相似文献   

10.
城市生活垃圾理化特性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文对北京昌平冬季城市生活垃圾的理化特性进行了研究。测定了垃圾的物相组成,分析了垃圾中C、H、O、N、S的含量,进行了原生垃圾浸出毒性试验,测定了垃圾的发热量及其它化学性能,为探索城市垃圾的减量化、无害化、资源化的技术途径提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
As one of cities in the developing countries, a rapid population growth and industrial activities pose many environmental challenges for Jimma city, Ethiopia. One aspect of urban growth posing a threat on sustainable development is poor solid waste management, which results in environmental pollution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quantity, composition, sources of waste generated, their current disposal practices, and to recommend appropriate management technologies. The total waste generated daily in Jimma city was ca. 88,000 kg, and the average per capita generation rate was 0.55?±?0.17 kg/capita/day. Eighty-seven percent of the waste was produced by households and 13% by institutions, and a negligible fraction (0.1%) was generated by street sweepings. During the rainy season, 40% more waste was generated than in the dry season because of the increased availability of agricultural food product. Further analysis showed that biodegradable organic waste constitutes 54% by weight with an average moisture content of 60% that falls within the required limits for composting. The nonbiodegradable components constitute 46% of which 30% of it was nonrecyclable material. Only 25% of the community uses municipal containers for disposal at the selected landfill site. Fifty-one percent of the households disposed their waste in individually chosen spots, whereas 22% burned their waste. Finally 2% of households use private waste collectors. The socioeconomic analysis showed that higher family income and educational status is associated more with private or municipal waste collection and less with the application of backyard or open dumping. These insights into generated waste and management practice in Jimma city allow making suggestions for improved collection, treatment, and disposal methods. A primary conclusion is that the biodegradable waste is a major fraction having suitable properties for recycling. As such an economic benefit can be obtained from this waste while avoiding the need for disposal.  相似文献   

12.
This paper deals with the characteristics and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Sangamner city. The composition of solid waste was studied by segregating it into different component, i.e., kitchen waste, paper, earth and fine material, slaughter house waste, leaves, metals, etc. These components were categorised into organic waste and inorganic waste. It was observed that Sangamner city produces around 61% organic waste, and the rest is inorganic waste. The characteristics of organic solid waste, i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were evaluated. The analysis of organic content of MSW indicates that it is good source of nutrients for the agriculture sector whereas inorganic material can be used for landfill.  相似文献   

13.
This paper provides an overview of the trend of generation, composition, and management of municipal solid waste, and estimates the carbon emissions arising from municipal solid waste management in Beijing. The correlation analysis conducted shows that the generation of municipal solid waste in Beijing has been growing steadily, showing high correlations (r > 0.9) to the total GDP, per capita income, and the population. Food waste showed an increasing trend since 1990. Compared with the results of an investigation in 1990, ash and woodchips content in 2003 declined from 56% to 17%, while the percentage of paper and plastic increased from 10% to 29% over the same period. The calorific value of the municipal waste also increased, from 2,686 kJ/kg in 1990 to 4,667 kJ/kg in 2003, indicating that the waste is suitable for incineration. Currently, the source separation ratio of municipal waste is approximately 15%. About 94% of all the collected solid waste goes to the landfill while 4% is composted and 2% is incinerated. A moderate garbage collection fee is applied to both permanent and temporary residents in Beijing, but the willingness to pay for solid waste collection and treatment is still low. Under current treatment mode, the total amounts of carbon emission from waste disposal sites and incineration increased with the increase of municipal solid waste, from 29.8 Gg in 1990 to 84.5 Gg in 2003, including 83.3 Gg of CH4 and 22.0 Gg of CO2. The data availability and methodological challenges in monitoring the quantity and characteristics of municipal solid waste are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP/MS)联用测定废水中可滤态的甲基汞和无机汞,优化了仪器工作条件,讨论了方法干扰及校正办法。甲基汞和无机汞在0.500μg/L~25.0μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.03μg/L和0.07μg/L,废水样品平行测定的RSD分别为6.5%~7.6%和6.2%~6.8%,加标回收率分别为84.0%~87.0%和88.0%~92.4%。  相似文献   

15.
针对黑龙江省水资源生态环境现状,构建以水资源、社会经济、生态环境为子系统的水资源生态安全评价指标体系。运用粒子群算法(PSO)优化投影寻踪评价模型(PPE),对黑龙江省水资源生态安全进行研究。结果表明,该地区2003—2016年水资源生态安全整体呈现上升趋势。水资源污染指数和工业万元产值耗水量等指标状态的极大改善,使得2009、2013年水资源生态安全程度分别较前一年增加67.16%和98.76%。2003—2016年水资源、生态环境系统发展波动较大,前者略有降低,后者上升,社会经济系统(权重为0.426 5)发展最为迅速且对水资源生态安全影响最显著。对水资源生态安全影响最显著的指标有人均湿地面积、农业万元产值耗水量、水资源污染指数、工业用水比例、工业万元产值耗水量。该评价结果可为当地政府及环保部门制定政策提供理论参考。  相似文献   

16.
A new four-step hierarchy method was constructed and applied to evaluate the groundwater quality and pollution of the Dagujia River Basin. The assessment index system is divided into four types: field test indices, common inorganic chemical indices, inorganic toxicology indices, and trace organic indices. Background values of common inorganic chemical indices and inorganic toxicology indices were estimated with the cumulative-probability curve method, and the results showed that the background values of Mg2+ (51.1 mg L?1), total hardness (TH) (509.4 mg L?1), and NO3 ? (182.4 mg L?1) are all higher than the corresponding grade III values of Quality Standard for Groundwater, indicating that they were poor indicators and therefore were not included in the groundwater quality assessment. The quality assessment results displayed that the field test indices were mainly classified as grade II, accounting for 60.87% of wells sampled. The indices of common inorganic chemical and inorganic toxicology were both mostly in the range of grade III, whereas the trace organic indices were predominantly classified as grade I. The variabilities and excess ratios of the indices were also calculated and evaluated. Spatial distributions showed that the groundwater with poor quality indices was mainly located in the northeast of the basin, which was well-connected with seawater intrusion. Additionally, the pollution assessment revealed that groundwater in well 44 was classified as “moderately polluted,” wells 5 and 8 were “lightly polluted,” and other wells were classified as “unpolluted.”  相似文献   

17.
Plastic solid waste has become a serious problem when considering the disposal alternatives following the sequential hierarchy of sound solid waste management. This study was undertaken to assess the quantity and composition of household solid waste, especially plastic waste to identify opportunities for waste recycling. A 1-month survey of 130 households was carried out in Can Tho City, the capital city of the Mekong Delta region in southern Vietnam. Household solid waste was collected from each household and classified into ten physical categories; especially plastic waste was sorted into 22 subcategories. The average household solid waste generation rate was 281.27 g/cap/day. The compostable and recyclable shares respectively accounted for high percentage as 80.74% and 11%. Regarding plastic waste, the average plastic waste generation rate was 17.24 g/cap/day; plastic packaging and plastic containers dominated with the high percentage, 95.64% of plastic waste. Plastic shopping bags were especially identified as the major component, accounting for 45.72% of total plastic waste. Relevant factors such as household income and household size were found to have an existing correlation to plastic waste generation in detailed composition. The household habits and behaviors of plastic waste discharge and the aspects of environmental impacts and resource consumption for plastic waste disposal alternatives were also evaluated.  相似文献   

18.
为评价新疆喀什地区农村改水效益,我们按照国家农村饮用水水质的标准和分析方法,分析、计算出改水后饮用水中的细菌总数和大肠菌群下降了51.02%,集中式和分散式供水的水质综合指数(WQI)分别为改水前的15.38%和20.00%;分析与饮水有关的介水传染病(即霍乱、痢疾、肝炎、伤寒)的总发病率,改水后较改水前平均下降了61.18%,用水力资本法计算得出,减少上述疾病可能造成的经济损失639350元/g  相似文献   

19.
The present study deals with the ground water quality assessment in Kahuta Industrial Triangle Islamabad, Pakistan. The objective of the study was to assess ground water quality against the drinking water standards for various toxic inorganic elements. Representative groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in the Water Quality Laboratory of Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) at Islamabad, Pakistan. The samples were run on ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), which has the capability to separate and quantify 70 elements at a time. One of the finding of study is that ICP-MS is a very good tool to analyze broad range of toxic inorganic elements to the level of parts per billion (ppb). World Health Organization drinking water standards shows that these toxic inorganic elements such as heavy metals even at this concentration level (ppb) are injurious to human health. This analysis indicated pollution of various toxic elements including Selenium. Vertical leachate through industrial waste septic tanks is identified as major cause of groundwater pollution in the Industrial Triangle. Monitoring of the septic tanks and groundwater quality in study area is suggested along with remedial measures.  相似文献   

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