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介绍了大气中半挥发性有机污染物的采样方法和气/固相分配模型,综述了索氏提取、超声波萃取、超临界流体萃取、微波萃取、固相微萃取等样品预处理方法,以及直接进样热解析和其他仪器分析方法,对大气中半挥发性有机污染物的监测研究进展作了展望。 相似文献
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阐述了超临界流体萃取的原理和特点,分析了温度、压力、流体流速、改性剂、络合剂等因素对萃取过程的影响,介绍了超临界CO2萃取技术的优点及其在萃取土壤中的有机污染物、非固体介质中的污染物、环境样品中的金属离子等方面的应用,对该技术的应用前景作了展望。 相似文献
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土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测技术应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在总结我国突发性环境事故发生现状的基础上,提出了我国环境现场快速监测工作缺少规范化管理,以及标准监测技术方法不完善等问题。探讨了土壤中挥发性有机污染物快速监测技术的研究进展,重点讨论了检测管,手持式气体检测器,便携式气相色谱(配置光离子化检测器、氢火焰离子化检测器或串/并联检测器)及便携式气相色谱-质谱等技术在快速检测土壤中挥发性有机污染物方面的性能特点与应用情况,并对我国建立土壤中挥发性有机污染物现场快速监测标准方法提出了建议。 相似文献
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我国环境中有机污染物分析方法及痕量富集技术的进展 总被引:18,自引:8,他引:10
综述了我国环境中有机污染物的分析方法和痕量富集技术,介绍了吹扫-捕集法、固相微萃取技术、固相萃取技术、半渗透膜采样技术与分析仪器联用在有机污染物测定中的应用情况。 相似文献
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微波萃取-双ECD气相色谱法测定土壤中的多氯联苯 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建立了利用微波萃取和双ECD联用技术,对土壤中多氯联苯(PCB)的分析方法,通过对回收率、重现性及精密度的测定,其结果均优于传统索氏萃取方法。利用微波萃取可快速、准确、有效地测定土壤中PCB。 相似文献
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南疆棉田土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的测定 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用超声萃取和柱分离技术,利用气相色谱法,对棉田环境激素类污染物质邻苯二甲酸酯进行了表层土壤(0~20 cm)分布测定.结果表明,棉田土壤中DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP、DAP、DEHP 6种环境激素类污染物均被检出,土壤中PAEs的总含量为1 532.987 mg/kg,其中DEHP的含量最高,DIBP、DBP次... 相似文献
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建立了微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)-原子荧光光谱(AFS)联用技术分析土壤中亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]、二甲基砷(DMA)、一甲基砷(MMA)和砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]等4种形态砷。用正交实验设计优化了功率、萃取溶剂体积、萃取温度、萃取时间等微波萃取条件。方法的线性范围为1.00~100μg/L,As(Ⅲ)、DMA、MMA和As(Ⅴ)的检出限分别为0.21、0.33、0.38、0.56μg/L,相对标准偏差为4.6%~5.5%,样品回收率为78.1%~94.4%。用该法分析了4种土壤样品中的砷形态。 相似文献
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以辽宁棕壤等10种土壤为样品,探讨了水和p H值=9.00~14.00的氢氧化钠(Na OH)作为提取液对草甘膦分析的影响。结果表明,以水为提取液,仅石灰性紫色土和灰钙土能获得较高的回收率,其他所测土壤尤其是p H值<8.00的土壤其回收率较低,提取效果受土壤理化性质影响明显。以p H值=9.00~14.00的Na OH为提取液,随着提取液p H值的提高,所测土壤的回收率均随之提高,达到一定的p H值后,回收率随之提高不明显,但干扰会增多。当已知土壤相关理化性质时,可以参考回收率相关性分析选择合适的提取液。 相似文献
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水中多种酚类化合物同步提取方法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对水中14种酚类化合物的液液萃取过程进行研究,选取不同萃取溶剂体系、水样pH和盐析条件等多个对萃取效率有决定性影响的参数进行优化。通过上述条件的优化选择,实现了同步对包括低沸点的苯酚、一氯代酚及较难提取的甲基酚和硝基酚等14种不同类型酚类化合物最优的萃取,提取效率达到75.2%~110.3%。 相似文献
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建立了废酸油渣中16种多环芳烃超声萃取、Florisil萃取柱净化、气相色谱-质谱测定的方法。笔者对提取方式、提取剂类型和体积、提取时间和次数、净化方式等进行研究,采用无水硫酸钠分散,二氯甲烷作为提取剂超声40 min,提取液经纯水清洗、离心后取适量有机相经过3 g Florisil萃取柱净化,采用气相色谱-质谱选择离子模式(SIM),加入内标进行定量分析。结果表明:二氯甲烷提取效率比正己烷好,丙酮可能引起酸性样品中多环芳烃的降解,丙酮超声萃取时加入无水硫酸钠能在一定程度上防止目标物降解,但萃取效率不可控制,宜采用二氯甲烷作为萃取剂。分散提取能有效减少提取时间,超声清洗仪超声40 min提取效率为86.2%~104%。3g Florisil萃取柱净化比1 g Florisil萃取柱净化和GPC净化效果略好。方法检出限为0.4~1.3 mg/kg,6次空白加标的相对标准偏差为2.3%~15.3%,6个实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%~27.3%,基体加标回收率为51.3%~126%,连续校准稳定。该方法适用于废酸油渣样品中16种多环芳烃的检测,比直接溶解有效,比加速溶剂萃取、索氏提取、微波萃取和超声探头萃取简单、快捷,能有效减少设备污染和腐蚀,净化方法有效,测定结果准确可靠,是实现大批量样品检测的可行方法。 相似文献
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Rynö M Rantanen L Papaioannou E Konstandopoulos AG Koskentalo T Savela K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(4):488-493
In order to characterize and compare the chemical composition of diesel particulate matter and ambient air samples collected on filters, different extraction procedures were tested and their extraction efficiencies and recoveries determined. This study is an evaluation of extraction methods using the standard 16 EPA PAHs with HPLC fluorescence analysis. Including LC analysis also GC and MS methods for the determination of PAHs can be used. Soxhlet extraction was compared with ultrasonic agitation and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) using three solvents to extract PAHs from diesel exhaust and urban air particulates. The selected PAH compounds of soluble organic fractions were analyzed by HPLC with a multiple wavelength shift fluorescence detector. The EPA standard mixture of 16 PAH compounds was used as a standard to identify and quantify diesel exhaust-derived PAHs. The most effective extraction method of those tested was pressurized fluid extraction using dichloromethane as a solvent. 相似文献
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Martín-Doimeadios RC Wasserman JC Bermejo LF Amouroux D Nevado JJ Donard OF 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(4):360-366
The chemical speciation, fractionation and availability of mercury in sediments from a cinnabar mining area (Almadén, Spain) was studied with different extraction and analytical procedures, in order to determine the degree to which the ecosystem is harmed by this pollutant. Three total extraction procedures, a sequential extraction and the speciation of organo-mercury compounds were performed in nine sediment samples. In the study area, although concentrations of mercury can be extremely high (up to 1,000 mg kg(-1)), no organomercury compounds were detected (< 2 microg kg(-1) and the availability of this element seems restricted. One of the methods for total extraction presented considerably lower recovery in Almadén's sediments, yet the results were controlled with certified reference materials. This disagreement was attributed to the fact that the mercury is in a refractory form. Sequential extraction was able to show that most of the mercury is associated with sulfides (probably as metacinnabar) or in the residual refractory phase (probably as red cinnabar). 相似文献
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以四氯化碳为萃取剂,选择振荡提取和浸泡提取两种前处理方法,采用红外光度法测定土壤中石油类.考察了两种提取方法对土壤样品测定结果的影响,推荐振荡提取时间为9h,振荡频率为150次/min;推荐浸泡提取时间为16 h. 相似文献
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Buanuam J Tiptanasup K Shiowatana J Miró M Harald Hansen E 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(12):1248-1254
A continuous-flow system comprising a novel, custom-built extraction module and hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection is proposed for assessing metal mobilities and geochemical associations in soil compartments as based on using the three step BCR (now the Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Commission) sequential extraction scheme. Employing a peristaltic pump as liquid driver, alternate directional flows of the extractants are used to overcome compression of the solid particles within the extraction unit to ensure a steady partitioning flow rate and thus to maintain constant operationally defined extraction conditions. The proposed flow set-up is proven to allow for trouble-free handling of soil samples up to 1 g and flow rates < or =10 mL min(-1). The miniaturized extraction system was coupled to ICP-MS through a flow injection interface in order to discretely introduce appropriate extract volumes to the detector at a given time and with a given dilution factor. The proposed hyphenated method demonstrates excellent performance for on-line monitoring of major and trace elements (Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd) released when applying the various extracting reagents as addressed in the BCR scheme, that is, 0.11 M CH(3)COOH, 0.1 NH(2)OH.HCl and 30% H(2)O(2), even when a well recognized matrix-sensitive detector, such as ICP-MS, is used. As a result of the enhanced temporal resolution of the ongoing extraction, insights into the breaking down of phases and into the kinetics of the metal release are obtained. With the simultaneous multielement detection capability of ICP-MS, the dynamic fractionation system presents itself as an efficient front-end for evaluation of actual elemental association by interelement comparison of metals leached concurrently during the extraction time. Thus, the intimate elemental association between Cd and Zn in contaminated soils could be assessed. 相似文献
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Dubravka Relić Dragana Đorđević Sanja Sakan Ivan Anđelković Ana Pantelić Ratomir Stanković Aleksandar Popović 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(9):7627-7645
In this paper, the main objective was fractionation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Fe, and K in certificate material and sediment samples gathered from and around the Petrochemical Industry using the conventional, microwave and ultrasonic sequential extraction. Microwave oven and ultrasound bath were used as an energy source for achieving faster extraction. Additional heating and boiling of samples were avoided by using lower power and shorter time for microwave and ultrasound extraction. Precision and accuracy of procedure were evaluated by using certificate material (BCR701). Acceptable accuracy of metals (87.0–111.3 %) was achieved for all three-step sequential of conventional extraction protocol. An accuracy of the fourth step has been verified with two certificate materials: BCR143R and 146R. The range of total extracted metal concentrations from sediments was similar for all three extraction techniques. A significant high percentage of Cd, Cu, and Zn were obtained after extraction of the exchangeable and acid soluble sediment fraction. Principal component analysis of values obtained after determination of risk assessment code using conventional and ultrasound sequential extraction show similarity of these values. Accuracy, recovery, and risk assessment code values imply that ultrasound sequential extraction is a more suitable, accelerated sequential extraction procedure (30 min per extraction step) than microwave extraction in applied conditions. 相似文献