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1.
酶抑制法检测蔬菜中的有机磷农药   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对新型酶抑制检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的方法进行了研究,介绍了胆碱酯酶的提取、纯化方法,以及用粗酶和纯酶检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的测定效果,确定了最佳实验条件。对样品的预处理方法进行了改进,得出该法的检测限为1mg/L,对甲基对硫磷等几种常用农药的加标回收率为90.4%~112%,相对标准偏差为1.06%~9.83%,表明三项评价指标均符合全国农药残留科研协作组对农药残留分析方法的基本要求。  相似文献   

2.
气相色谱-脉冲火焰光度检测器测定痕量有机磷农药   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
在水样和土壤样中分别加入二氯甲烷和丙酮,用超声波提取水样中敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷等5种有机磷农药和土壤样中甲拌磷、二嗪磷、异稻瘟净、杀螟农、溴硫磷、水胺硫磷、稻丰散、杀扑磷等8种有机磷农药,大大地简化了测定的预处理过程。应用气相色谱法HP—5石英毛细管柱分离,脉冲式火焰光度检测器检测,取得了较好的测定结果。水样中农药的检测限≤0.O02mg/L,土壤样中农药的检测限≤0.O02mg/kg,相对标准偏差水样<7%,土壤样<10%,加标回收率水样在84%—96%之间,土壤样在80%—108%之间,均满足测定要求。  相似文献   

3.
农药残留检测技术进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文介绍了近年来的环境残留农药检测的方法与进展,包括样品的预处理、净化、定性及定量检测方法.同时着重介绍了超临界流体萃取、超声波萃取样等品预处理领域中的前沿技术等.  相似文献   

4.
文章根据我国农药生产和使用的特点,结合环境污染事故中常见的农药、保障农产品安全需控制的农药残留等,阐述了我国环境中需重点控制的农药残留种类,并对其监测方法和控制标准进行了综述,旨在为农药污染事件中快速判断污染类别、科学确定监测方法、及时处置污染提供技术保障。  相似文献   

5.
毒死蜱生态毒理与风险研究综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
毒死蜱被认为是一种高效、安全和广谱的含氮杂环类杀虫杀螨剂,被广泛应用于农业生产病虫害的防治中。在中国,毒死蜱曾被列为取代高毒农药的重要品种,并被农业部推荐用于无公害农产品生产的专用杀虫杀螨剂。近年来,由于不断发现的毒死蜱生物毒性及其产生的环境安全问题,美国和欧盟国家已经在某些范围内禁用毒死蜱。综合近几年文献,从环境介质含量、转化行为、生物活性检测以及国外水质基准等方面,对其分别叙述,旨在为今后中国地区毒死蜱的环境健康风险评价、生态风险评价和水质基准制定提供基本参考依据。  相似文献   

6.
建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定环境水样中8种有机磷农药的分析方法。以地表水、地下水、污水和废水样品作为代表性水样基底,前处理方法仅采用简单的滤膜过滤,在C18柱分离后,在多反应监测模式下进行分析检测。结果表明,敌百虫、毒死蜱等有机磷农药在样品保存过程中迅速发生降解,分析须在样本采集后1 d内完成;该方法的检出限为0.10~0.20 μg/L,线性拟合相关系数(r)均>0.995;不同基底、不同浓度的加标回收实验表明,8种有机磷农药在环境基底中的回收率为74.5%~118%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~8.6%。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确性好,在未来环境监测工作中具有较好的应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
用气相色谱法分析废水和底泥中的阿特拉津   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阿特拉津(2-氯-4-乙胺基-6-异丙胺基均三氮苯)是一种对旱田杂草具有较强杀伤效力的农药,被广泛用于农业生产,但过量使用这种农药会在稻田中大量残留,对水稻等农作物造成不同程度的危害,叙述了用气相色谱法检测废水及底泥中阿特拉津的方法。  相似文献   

8.
用毛细管胶束电动色谱柱端安培检测的方法对对氧磷、甲基对硫磷、乙基对硫磷、扑灭松等四种常见有机磷农药进行了分离检测,对缓冲液种类、离子浓度、pH值、胶束浓度、电极的检测电势等检测条件进行了最佳优化。结果表明,此方法对四种农药的质量检测限较气相色谱法低3~4个数量级,并将用于地表水样品的检测。  相似文献   

9.
建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定环境水样中30种极性农药的方法。30种极性农药经过固相萃取(SPE)富集净化,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS-MS)多级监测模式(MRM)外标法进行定性定量分析。结果表明:环境水样中30种极性农药的检出限为0.2~5 ng/L。对同一环境样品进行了低、中、高3个不同浓度水平的加标回收实验,平均回收率为63.7%~105.1%,相对标准偏差为4.4%~21.2%。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可有效应用于环境水样中30种极性农药的快速监测。  相似文献   

10.
通过对河南省15个地市的“绿色食品”生产基地等6种有代表性的典型农业生产区域的土壤进行有机磷、有机氯农药等检测分析,得出结论并提出相应的污染防治对策建议.  相似文献   

11.
The CA Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) developed methods to select pesticides and a community to fulfill criteria for an ambient air monitoring study it conducted as part of the CA Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Justice Action Plan. Using a scoring system, CDPR evaluated 100 pesticides based on statewide-reported pesticide use, volatility, and priority in CDPR's risk assessment process (indicators of exposure and toxicity) to produce a list of pesticides to consider as candidates for monitoring. The CDPR also evaluated and scored 83 communities based on demographics and health factors, availability of cumulative impacts data, and reported pesticide use to create a list of community candidates. The scores provide relative rankings to distinguish more highly impacted communities from less impacted ones and to identify which pesticides might contribute most to potential adverse health effects. These methods use criteria that can be quantified, validated, and verified in order to provide a transparent and fair selection process. Based on public comments and highest scores, CDPR recommended 40 pesticides (including some of their degradation products) and one community for its yearlong monitoring study. The CDPR then further refined its list of pesticides by soliciting input from local and technical advisory groups. The CDPR plans to use these methods to select pesticides and communities in future monitoring activities.  相似文献   

12.
调查了深圳市10条主要河流农药类环境激素的污染现状。结果表明,深圳市各河流均受到农药类环境激素的污染,共有15种农药类环境激素被检出,质量浓度为未检出-4.8μg/L。并推荐深圳市河流中优先控制的农药类环境激素为:六六六、α-氯丹、硫丹I、环氧七氯、六氯苯、氟乐灵、联苯菊酯、二硫代农药。  相似文献   

13.
介绍了水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物监测的预处理技术,重点评述了我国水体沉积物中主要有毒有机污染物多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的监测研究现状,认为水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物研究领域今后发展的重点和方向是广泛开展国内主要河流、湖泊、海洋的监测研究和其在水体环境中的迁移及转化机理、生殖毒性以及污染消减与修复技术研究;加强新型预处理技术及其与大型仪器联用技术的研究;尽早建立水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物的监测方法标准及污染评价标准。  相似文献   

14.
In this study, 226 samples of seven types of domestic vegetables collected from several vegetable-growing regions in Hebei Province of China were tested for the presence of 38 different agricultural pesticides using a gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detectors. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of pesticides in main vegetables from Hebei Province. Results showed that, in 65.93 % of the samples, no residues were found, 31.42 % of the samples contained pesticide residues at or below the maximum residue levels (MRLs), and 2.65 % of the samples contained pesticide residues above MRL. The most frequently detected pesticides were acephate (31), followed by cyhalothrin (15), bifenthrin (8), omethoate (6), isazophos (6), dimethoate (5), chlorpyrifos (2), and malathion (1). Some (1.33 %) of the samples contained multiple residues. The results provide useful information on the current contamination status of a key agricultural area in North China, and points to the continuous monitoring and strict regulation of pesticide use on vegetables are necessary.  相似文献   

15.
A monitoring program of nitrate, nitrite, potassium, sodium, and pesticides was carried out in water samples from an intensive horticulture area in a vulnerable zone from north of Portugal. Eight collecting points were selected and water-analyzed in five sampling campaigns, during 1 year. Chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis, were used in order to understand the impact of intensive horticulture practices on dug and drilled wells groundwater and to study variations in the hydrochemistry of groundwater. PCA performed on pesticide data matrix yielded seven significant PCs explaining 77.67% of the data variance. Although PCA rendered considerable data reduction, it could not clearly group and distinguish the sample types. However, a visible differentiation between the water samples was obtained. Cluster and discriminant analysis grouped the eight collecting points into three clusters of similar characteristics pertaining to water contamination, indicating that it is necessary to improve the use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides. Inorganic fertilizers such as potassium nitrate were suspected to be the most important factors for nitrate contamination since highly significant Pearson correlation (r = 0.691, P < 0.01) was obtained between groundwater nitrate and potassium contents. Water from dug wells is especially prone to contamination from the grower and their closer neighbor's practices. Water from drilled wells is also contaminated from distant practices.  相似文献   

16.
17.
This study explores the associations of pesticide occurrence in groundwater to geological characteristics of the monitoring points (MPs) contributing area. Pesticide analyses were undertaken during a 2-year groundwater monitoring campaign which generated 845 samples. MCPA and mecoprop were the most frequently detected pesticides in groundwater. Each MP (n?=?158) had a specifically delineated zone of contribution (ZOC) and the dominant physical characteristics present from nine national datasets were recorded for each ZOC. Associations between detections in groundwater and the dominant physical characteristic in each MPs ZOC tested were then statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression. The original physical characteristic datasets used that were associated with detections in groundwater were the type of MP, aquifer type, and Quaternary deposit type. Logistic regression revealed that springs, regionally important aquifer types, aquifers with a karstic flow regime, and alkaline Quaternary deposits in existence above karst aquifers in a MP’s ZOC were more likely to have a pesticide detection in groundwater. Multiple regression from this exploratory work showed some mutual dependency between soil association, aquifer type, and the Geological Survey of Ireland groundwater vulnerability map. The combination of national monitoring data and physical attribute datasets can be used to explore key areas where groundwater is more vulnerable to pesticide contamination.  相似文献   

18.
Pesticide applications to agricultural lands in California, USA, are reported to a central data base, while data on water and sediment quality are collected by a number of monitoring programs. Data from both sources are geo-referenced, allowing spatial analysis of relationships between pesticide application rates and the chemical and biological condition of water bodies. This study collected data from 12 watersheds, selected to represent a range of pesticide usage. Water quality parameters were measured during six surveys of stream sites receiving runoff from the selected watershed areas. This study had three objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of pesticide application data in selecting regional monitoring sites, to provide information for generating and testing hypotheses about pesticide fate and effects, and to determine whether in-stream nitrate concentration was a useful surrogate indicator for regional monitoring of toxic substances. Significant correlations were observed between pesticide application rates and in-stream pesticide concentrations (p < 0.05) and toxicity (p < 0.10). In-stream nitrate concentrations were not significantly correlated with either the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.30). Neither total watershed area nor the area in which pesticide usage was reported correlated significantly with the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.14). In-stream pesticide concentrations and effects were more closely related to the intensity of pesticide use than to the area under cultivation.  相似文献   

19.
Urban pesticide use has a direct impact on surface water quality. To determine the extent of pesticide contamination, the California Department of Pesticide Regulation initiated a multi-area urban monitoring program in 2008. Water and sediment samples were collected at sites unaffected by agricultural inputs in three areas: Sacramento (SAC), San Francisco Bay (SFB), and Orange County (OC). Samples were analyzed for up to 64 pesticides or degradates. Multiple detections were common; 50 % of the water samples contained five or more pesticides. Statewide, the most frequently detected insecticides in water were bifenthrin, imidacloprid, fipronil, fipronil sulfone, fipronil desulfinyl, carbaryl, and malathion. Bifenthrin was the most common contaminant in sediment samples. Key differences by area: OC had more pesticides detected than SAC or SFB with higher concentrations of fipronil, whereas SAC had higher concentrations of bifenthrin. The most frequently detected herbicides were 2,4-D, triclopyr, dicamba, diuron, and pendimethalin. Key differences by area: OC and SFB had higher concentrations of triclopyr, whereas SAC had higher concentrations of 2,4-D and dicamba. Detection frequency, number of pesticides per sample, and pesticide concentration increased during rainstorm events. In water samples, all of the bifenthrin, malathion, fipronil, permethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin detections, and most of the fipronil sulfone and cyfluthrin detections were above their lowest US EPA aquatic benchmark. Diuron was the only herbicide that was detected above its lowest benchmark. Based on the number of pesticides and exceedances of aquatic benchmarks or the high number of sediment toxicity units, pesticides are abundant in California surface waters.  相似文献   

20.
农业面源污染已经成为全球水污染的主要来源,其中具有生物毒性的农药污染物对人体健康和生态环境安全构成了严重威胁。分析了我国农田农药流失现状,指出流失的主要农药品种与用药历史和特点密切相关,水体中检出的有机氯农药主要源于早期农药残留,检出的有机磷农药和长残效除草剂部分种类目前仍在使用。提出从影响农药流失的各个环节入手,制定严密的减控策略。植物缓冲带是拦截农药流失的常用措施,可以实现对农业面源污染的可持续治理。建议实行生态功能区划,严格限制高毒农药的施用,减少化学农药施用量,规范农药喷洒器械和施药技术,从源头上控制农药流失,从而降低农业非点源污染带来的危险。  相似文献   

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