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1.
本文探讨了通过污染源调查,建立污染源-地表水体的输入响应关系;以河流断面允许污染物通量为基础,借助数学模型反向模拟,核算上游污染源的污染物允许排放量及排放浓度,并进行污染减排校核,以有针对性地提出减排建议,以控制点源污染物排放实现断面水质达标。  相似文献   

2.
地面水中石油类样品的采集及分析结果的表达   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作者利用石油类微溶或不溶于水,一般都漂浮于地面水表面的性质,研制出一种新型装置——油膜采样器来采集漂浮态的石油类样品,并提出用单位水体表面面积的含油量,作为对水体中石油类污染物监测结果的计量单位  相似文献   

3.
对南通市24座乡镇地表水厂以及199座乡镇地下水厂的水源水质状况进行了调查.结果表明,地表水水源地中有14座水厂达标,其取水量占地表水取水总量62.8%.水体中主要污染物是NH3-N、石油类、Imn.全市乡镇地下水厂饮用水源水质达标水厂为56座,其取水量占地下水取水总量的26.2%.全市地下水中主要污染物为NH3-N、...  相似文献   

4.
石油勘探开发中的石油类污染及其监测分析技术   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
首先介绍了陆地石油勘探开发过程对环境的影响 ,并总结出这种影响集中体现在油田附近水体和土壤受到石油类的污染。然后针对石油类监测分析方法展开探讨 ,并分水中石油类和土壤中石油类两部分 ,把我国和美国的监测方法进行了对比研究。在此基础上提出了在进行油田环境现状评价和石油类污染物环境变迁规律研究中使用石油类分析方法的建议  相似文献   

5.
将湖泊水体的营养状态看作一个灰色系统,建立用于识别湖泊营养状态属性的灰色聚类综合评价模型,将水质级别作为一个灰类,水质状态作为灰色变量,根据灰色白化权函数聚类方法来确定水体营养状况归类。以太湖为例,基于分布全湖的20个监测点数据,运用灰色聚类法对其进行富营养状态综合评价,结果表明,监测时段太湖大部分水体基本处于中营养水平,局部湖面达到中度富营养状态,客观地反映了太湖湖区水体营养状况。  相似文献   

6.
黄河兰州段水体污染物变化规律与特征   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
通过1998-2001年地面水水质监测数据的统计分析、评价,论述了黄河兰州段水体污染物的污染变化规律与特征。  相似文献   

7.
通过对五里湖,梅梁湖水质近5年(1989-1993)每年6次的监测资料分析,五里湖为(4-5)类水质的水体,属重营养化水体,梅梁湖为4类水质的水体,属富营养化-重营养化水体,近几年来富营养化程度在加剧,范围在扩大,通过五里湖,梅梁湖富营养伦原因分析以及水质在分析,提出了五里湖-梅梁湖水污染防治措施。  相似文献   

8.
介绍了流域水资源模拟与决策支持框架(MDSF)的框架结构、InfoWorks RS水质模拟方法及水质模型。利用MDSF,通过节点、断面、连接等建模工具构建长江南京段水质预警计算网络,并采用2005年实测资料说明了水动力、水质计算的上下游边界条件和模型参数率定等方法。  相似文献   

9.
根据2021年5月—2022年4月合溪新港河流水量、水质(TN和TP)的同步监测数据,利用通量模型核算了合溪新港污染物(TN和TP)通量。通过测算合溪新港TN、TP通量与断面降雨强度、水质的响应关系,分析了该区域的污染类型及特点,为后期水质污染调查及通量研究提供了新思路。结果表明:合溪新港流量与降雨量存在明显相关关系,在强降雨期(7—8月)水体流量最高,占监测周期总流量的57.77%;少雨期则流量最低,且会出现湖水倒灌现象(11—12月)。通过分析合溪新港TN、TP通量与流量、水质的相关关系,确定了该流域污染类型为点源污染及农业面源污染共存的混合型污染,且在高强度降雨时污染物负荷量较大。综上,可针对农业面源污染对该流域治理提出相关对策,建立农业面源污染防治体系,以有效降低TN和TP污染物的入湖通量,减少太湖TN和TP污染物负荷量。  相似文献   

10.
“确保饮用水安全,确保太湖水质有所改善,实现主要人湖河流劣V类水体数量下降,污染物人湖总量下降和湖体富营养化指数下降。到2009年底,53个国家考核断面水质达标率达到国家考核要求;入湖河流水质全年月均值劣V类的数量下降到20%以下;主要污染物COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷入湖总量比上年下降5%。”近日召开的江苏省环保局长会议为2009年太湖治理描绘了新的目标。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The design of a water quality monitoring network is considered as the main component of water quality management including selection of the water quality variables, location of sampling stations and determination of sampling frequencies. In this study, an entropy-based approach is presented for design of an on-line water quality monitoring network for the Karoon River, which is the largest and the most important river in Iran. In the proposed algorithm of design, the number and location of sampling sites and sampling frequencies are determined by minimizing the redundant information, which is quantified using the entropy theory. A water quality simulation model is also used to generate the time series of the concentration of water quality variables at some potential sites along the river. As several water quality variables are usually considered in the design of water quality monitoring networks, the pair-wise comparison is used to combine the spatial and temporal frequencies calculated for each water quality variable. After selecting the sampling frequencies, different components of a comprehensive monitoring system such as data acquisition, transmission and processing are designed for the study area, and technical characteristics of the on-line and off-line monitoring equipment are presented. Finally, the assessment for the human resources needs, as well as training and quality assurance programs are presented considering the existing resources in the study area. The results show that the proposed approach can be effectively used for the optimal design of the river monitoring systems.  相似文献   

13.
One of the important issues in river quality management is to provide pollution control strategies which are acceptable for all stakeholders. When there is only one water quality checkpoint in a reach of a river which receives pollution loads of several dischargers and dischargers are penalized for any water quality violation, the game theory can be used for modeling the natural process of bargaining among load dischargers considering the assimilative capacity of a river. There are also some types of uncertainties in river water quality management which should be incorporated throughout the bargaining process. Signaling games can be utilized for modeling the bargaining among dischargers and developing perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE) strategies for pollution control. In this paper, a new methodology called N-person iterated signaling game is developed for river quality management considering the existing uncertainties in pollution loads of dischargers. The methodology can provide the stable PBE waste load allocation strategies. The practical utility of the proposed methodology is illustrated by applying it to a reach of the Zarjub River in Iran. This reach includes seven pollution load dischargers.  相似文献   

14.
杭州市钱塘江干支流水质多元统计分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用多元统计方法分析了杭州市钱塘江干支流上26个断面的水质监测指标。利用系统聚类分析方法将断面所在河流分为3组,与钱塘江流域污染空间分布现状基本一致。对各组水质的主成分分析表明,第1组河流水质以有机污染为主,水体中氮、磷营养盐浓度较高,水体污染程度较轻,污染来源相对单一;第2组河流水体受有机物、重金属、石油类等多个污染指标的影响,水体水质较第1组差,污染来源相对复杂;第3组河流水体既有一般有机污染,也有重金属、有毒有害物质的污染,水体水质污染严重。  相似文献   

15.
A method to optimally site river water quality sensors is expanded and applied to a case study river to explore the application of mathematical siting methods to the design of river sampling networks. Fecal coliform contamination due to flooded swine waste lagoons was modeled as it moves downstream, and optimal sensor locations are located by minimizing the objective function of the optimization problem. The results of the simulations are analyzed by varying the number of allowed sampling locations and the simulated contamination event. For the case study application, the model suggests three sampling locations along the modeled river section. These three suggested sensing points did not greatly vary in location for different river flows and contamination events, indicating the robustness of the model results for this specific case study. Generally, the application of mathematical contaminant modeling is a useful and systematic approach to aid the design of river water quality monitoring networks.  相似文献   

16.
Belgaum city is a developmental hub of Karnataka State in India. In the recent time, the Government of Karnataka has planned to set up many processing industries in the vicinity of Belgaum to meet the growing needs of the region and to ease out the pressure on the already existing industrial hubs in Karnataka State. Ghataprabha, a tributary of river Krishna, is one of the major sources of water supply to Belgaum city and adjoining areas. During the last decade, a lot of anthropogenic activities such as unplanned agricultural activities are ongoing in many parts of the catchment. Therefore, people of Belgaum are more concerned about the quality of water in Ghataprabha river. Considering the significance of water quality of the river, surface water samples were collected during Pre- and Post-monsoon season from selected locations and analyzed for both physical and chemical constituents in the laboratory. The results indicate that the chemical parameters such as bicarbonates, sulphates, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium are within the permissible limits. QUAL2E model was applied to assess the impact of point and non-point sources of pollution on the river water quality. Results show that the water quality conditions are highly acceptable all along the river stretch. Further, the variation of DO–BOD5 with river discharge was also estimated. Also, a significant variations in DO (decrease in DO) with the increase in river flow was observed. However, at the downstream end, considerable improvement in DO was noticed which is attributed to the damming effect of the reservoir.  相似文献   

17.
运用水质数学模型,对东平湖及上游河段各控制断面的水质进行了预测和验证,说明了该预测方案的科学性和可行性。并分析了预测中误差存在的原因,提出了改进措施。  相似文献   

18.
Water quality indices as indicators of ecosystem change   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The operational management of water quality requires a methodology that can provide precise information on cycles and trends in water quality in an objective and reproducible manner. Such information can be provided by the adoption of a water quality indexing system. The continuous scale afforded by a water quality index allows changes in river water quality to be highlighted. At the same time the sub-division of this scale into a series of water quality and water use categories provides an easy means of relating information to government and public.The development of four independent water quality indices (WQIs) is outlined. These have been applied to data for a number of UK river reaches. The results of these applications indicate the utility of these indices in the classification of water quality and the monitoring of ecosystem change.  相似文献   

19.
Modelling the Effects of Inflow Parameters on Lake Water Quality   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A one-dimensional lake water quality model which includes water temperature, phytoplankton, phosphorus as phosphate, nitrogen as ammonia, nitrogen as nitrate and dissolved oxygen concentrations, previously calibrated for Lake Calhoun (USA) is applied to Uokiri Lake (Japan) for the year 1994. The model simulated phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations in the lake from July to November. Most of the water quality parameters are found to be the same as for Lake Calhoun. To predict probable lake water quality deterioration from algal blooming due to increased nutrient influx from river inflow, the model was run for several inflow water conditions. Effects of inflow nutrient concentration, inflow volume, inflow water temperatures are presented separately. The effect of each factor is considered in isolation although in reality more than one factor can change simultaneously. From the results it is clear that inflow nutrient concentration, inflow volume and inflow water temperature show very regular and reasonable impacts on lake water quality.  相似文献   

20.
以2020年1—12月太湖主要入湖河流殷村港水质自动监测站的监测数据及2020年太湖水位资料为依据,构建了一维水量水质耦合数学模型,建立了入河污染负荷通量与入湖控制断面水质响应关系,以入太湖控制断面殷村港站达Ⅲ类水质水为目标,模拟计算了殷村港站主要污染物入湖水质变化过程。结果表明,殷村港站高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等水质指标浓度最大值均明显的降低,其中氨氮浓度降低幅度相对较大,主要集中于3—6月;高锰酸盐指数和总磷日均入河污染负荷通量变化相对较小,氨氮日均入河污染负荷通量降低幅度相对较大;殷村港站高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等水质指标年入河污染负荷削减量分别为24.17,41.43,3.87 t。提出,基于核算出的削减量需进一步结合污染负荷通量过程和污染源溯源分析,确定不同水质指标下入河污染负荷控制方向,为科学合理规划殷村港主要污染物的入河污染负荷总量控制提供科学依据。  相似文献   

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