AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动分析系统测定水中总磷和总氮

采用AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动注射分析仪测定水中的总磷与总氮,结果表明,总磷在0.00~2.00 mg/L、总氮在0.00~10.00 mg/L的范围内,均可以获得良好的线性方程;准确度和精密度良好,均能满足国家实验质量标准要求。与传统方法相比,利用该方法测定总磷、总氮,适用范围广,分析速度快,结果准确可靠。     

流动注射微波在线消解分光光度法测定水中总磷

利用微波在线消解水样,将流动注射分析技术与分光光度法检测相结合,建立一种在线测定水中总磷的快速分析方法。通过对实验条件的优化,分析速率达36个/小时,检出限0.015mg/L,线性范围为0~2.0mg/L,对0.634mg/L总磷标准溶液测定11次的相对标准偏差为1.0%。应用于环境水样的测定,结果令人满意。     

微波联合消解流动注射光度法测定水中总氮和总磷

利用微波联合消解水样,采用流动注射分析技术,建立了在线测定水中总氮和总磷的快速分析方法.优化了试验条件,在线性范围内,总氮和总磷的工作曲线线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.03 mg/L和0.01 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.5%和1.2%,加标回收率分别为96.7%～103%和98.8%～102%.     

高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷

建立了高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷的方法,方法采用特制聚四氟乙烯密封消解罐,经高压消解锅消解后,用流动注射分析仪同时测定海水中的总氮和总磷。结果显示,总氮和总磷在0~3.20 mg/L范围内线性良好,总氮相关系数(r)=0.9997,检出限为0.012 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.65%~2.59%,加标回收率为97.8%~102%;总磷相关系数(r)=0.9999,检出限为0.006 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.50%~6.67%,加标回收率为98.8%~101%。该方法可同时测定海水中总氮和总磷,方法准确度和精密度良好,满足分析要求,适用于大批量海水样品中总氮和总磷的快速准确定量。     

流动注射氯化亚锡还原光度法测定水中总磷

建立了流动注射氯化亚锡还原光度法测定水中总磷的方法.改进了氯化亚锡的配制方法,优化了试验条件,方法检出限为0.02 mg/L,精密度与准确度均符合要求.应用该方法测定天然水样,分析速度加快,结果令人满意.     

HACH(DRB 200)型反应器在测定水中总磷的应用

采用HACH(DRB 200)型反应器钼酸铵分光光度法测定水中总磷并分析实际水样。通过探讨水中总磷测定时过硫酸钾溶液用量、抗坏血酸溶液用量、钼酸盐溶液用量、加热温度和加热时间等影响因素,得到最优实验条件。实验结果表明,该优化方法节省过硫酸钾溶液用量、抗坏血酸溶液用量、钼酸盐溶液用量,升温速度快,提高分析效率,在0.20~2.00mg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.01mg/L,实际水样加标回收率处于99.0%~102.0%之间,在准确度、精密度以及最低检出浓度方面均能满足质控要求。     

水中Cr(Ⅵ)的流动注射在线监测

采用流动注射分光光度法在线监测水中Cr(Ⅵ),优化了试验条件.方法在0.05 mg/L～5.00 mg/L线性良好,检出限为0.02 mg/L,RSD≤4.7%,加标回收率为93.0%～105%,该仪器适用于地表水和工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的在线监测.     

孔雀绿体系流动注射光度法测定水中正磷酸盐

建立了流动注射-孔雀绿-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法测定水中痕量正磷酸盐的方法.优化了试验条件,方法在0 mg/L～0.3 00mg/L线性良好,检出限为0.002 mg/L,准确度和精密度均符合要求,而且快速简便,适用于地表水、地下水、饮用水等清洁水体中正磷酸盐的测定.     

自动进样系统结合分光光度法快速测定水质中总磷

基于自动进样系统结合分光光度法,通过对波长、消解条件及显色条件的优化,建立了水中总磷的快速检测分析方法。在优化条件下,总磷的检出限为0.005 mg/L,测定下限为0.020 mg/L。对地表水、生活污水和工业废水3种不同基质的样品进行了加标测定,其回收率为95.0%~102%,相对标准偏差为0.5%~2.7%;与国标方法钼酸铵分光光度法测定水体中总磷进行比对研究,对国家有证标准样品、地表水、生活污水和工业废水测试的结果显示,方法相对偏差为0.4%~3.5%。该方法操作简单、快速、准确,可为应对突发环境事件中总磷的测定提供技术参考。     

连续流动分析用于总磷在线监测的可行性研究

以连续流动-钼酸铵分光光度法为基础,探究连续流动检测流程和蠕动泵泵速,建立总磷连续流动在线监测方法。该方法线性范围为0~2.00 mg/L,方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,方法相对标准偏差RSD为0.4%。将该法应用于实际水样测定,并通过加标回收率对分析结果进行验证,加标回收率为79.7%~109.4%,质控样品测定结果满足生态环境部标准样品研究所的误差允许范围,可用于地表水总磷在线监测。     

三峡水库干流氮和磷含量的季节变化

三峡水库成库后对6个水平断面、4个垂直断面采样分析,对水体水质参数、不同化学形态N以及不同物理形态P的水平分布和垂直分布进行了研究。研究结果表明,成库后TP、NH3-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、IN含量范围分别在0.06～0.34、0.01～0.72、0.002～0.100、0.76～2.09、0.855～2.52 mg/L。TP分布为丰水期>平水期>枯水期,受悬浮物沉降的影响,TP在水库区域含量低于上游区。枯水期、平水期水体中TP以可溶解态为主,丰水期以颗粒态为主。NO2--N、NO3--N、IN含量均为平水期>枯水期>丰水期。水体中IN以NO3--N为主,占IN70%～90%。NO2--N比例最低,占IN3.5%以下。表明水体虽受成库影响流速减缓,但水体依然有较强的自净能力。垂直分布上,TP、IN在3个层次变化不显著,未出现分层现象。各采样站点TP、NO3--N、IN通量和流量有显著相关。     

Quantitative detection of nitrate in water and wastewater by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

The presence of inorganic nitrogen species in water can be unsuitable for drinking and detrimental to the environment. In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method coupled with a commercially available gold nanosubstrate (a gold-coated silicon material) was evaluated for the detection of nitrate and nitrite in water and wastewater. Applications of SERS coupled with gold nanosubstrates resulted in an enhancement of Raman signals by a factor of ～10⁴ compared to that from Raman spectroscopy. The new method was able to detect nitrate with linear ranges of 1–10,000 mg NO₃ ^?/L (R ²?=?0.978) and 1–100 mg NO₃ ^?/L (R ²?=?0.919) for water and wastewater samples, respectively. Among the common anions, phosphate appeared to be the major interfering anion affecting nitrate measurement. Nevertheless, the percentage error of nitrate measurement in wastewater by the proposed SERS method was comparable to that by ion chromatography. The nitrate detection limits in water and wastewater samples were about 0.5 mg/L. The SERS method could simultaneously detect sulfate, which may serve as a reference standard in water. These results suggested that the SERS coupled with nanosubstrates is a promising method to determine nitrate concentrations in water and wastewater.     

饮用水源中痕量联苯胺的检测方法

建立了固相萃取高效液相色谱水中联苯胺的检测方法。选择Waters HLB固相萃取小柱富集水样,二氯甲烷/丙酮洗脱,以甲醇-水(pH=8,0.02 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲体系)作为流动相,保留时间为3.850 min,检测波长285 nm,0.1～10.0 mg/L范围内线性关系好,相关系数为0.999,检出限达到8×10-6mg/L,相对标准偏差为4.0%～9.5%,不同浓度样品加标回收率为80.5%～102.5%。     

5-氯-2-(吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯分光光度法测定水质钴

采用5-氯-2-(吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯分光光度法测定水质钴。对分析方法的样品前处理、样品保存、样品分析条件、干扰消除、检出限及测定范围、实际样品测定进行了深入研究和技术改进。水样经消解后测定的方法检出限为0.009 mg/L,经富集后测定的方法检出限为4×10-4mg/L,干扰消除实验的回收率为96%~101%,地表水、地下水、生活污水及工业废水等4种类型水样的加标回收率为92%~103%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定废水中的酚类化合物

建立了Supelclean ENVI-Chrom P柱固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定废水中11种酚类化合物的分析方法,并对固相萃取条件和液相色谱条件进行了讨论。该方法分离效果良好,净化效果明显,方法检出限为2×10-3~2×10-2mg/L,平行分析(n=6)的RSD为2.7%~16.4%,废水加标回收率除2,4-二硝基酚偏低以外,其他化合物的回收率为61.4%~115.8%。     

Planted floating bed performance in treatment of eutrophic river water

The objective of the study was to treat eutrophic river water using floating beds and to identify ideal plant species for design of floating beds. Four parallel pilot-scale units were established and vegetated with Canna indica (U1), Accords calamus (U2), Cyperus alternifolius (U3), and Vetiveria zizanioides (U4), respectively, to treat eutrophic river water. The floating bed was made of polyethylene foam, and plants were vegetated on it. Results suggest that the floating bed is a viable alternative for treating eutrophic river water, especially for inhibiting algae growth. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) varied from 6.53 to 18.45 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) from 6.82 to 12.25 mg/L, total phosphorus (TP) from 0.65 to 1.64 mg/L, and Chla from 6.22 to 66.46 g/m³, the removal of COD, TN, TP, and Chla was 15.3 %–38.4 %, 25.4 %–48.4 %, 16.1 %–42.1 %, and 29.9 %–88.1 %, respectively. Ranked by removal performance, U1 was best, followed by U2, U3, and U4. In the floating bed, more than 60 % TN and TP were removed by sedimentation; plant uptake was quantitatively of low importance with an average removal of 20.2 % of TN and 29.4 % of TP removed. The loss of TN (TP) was of the least importance. Compared with the other three, U1 exhibited better dissolved oxygen (DO) gradient distributions, higher DO levels, higher hydraulic efficiency, and a higher percentage of nutrient removal attributable to plant uptake; in addition, plant development and the volume of nutrient storage in the C. indica tissues outperformed the other three species. C. indica thus could be selected when designing floating beds for the Three Gorges Reservoir region of P. R. China.     

基于多元统计的宁夏典农河水质演替特征探究

宁夏典农河是黄河宁夏段的主要入黄排水沟之一，其水质状况对黄河宁夏-内蒙古段跨省流域水质安全至关重要。选取典农河2011—2020年10个监测点位的16项水质参数，采用综合污染指数(WPI)法，结合相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法，综合分析该流域水污染特征，并对污染程度进行评估，对污染因子和污染原因进行解析，最终提出管控建议。研究结果表明：2011—2020年，影响典农河水质的主要污染因子为COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TP、TN,对应的年均浓度范围分别为22.3～71.5、0.64～9.09、0.173～0.662、2.89～21.52 mg/L,超标率分别为46%、8%、13%、85%。典农河2011—2020年WPI范围为0.59～1.74,重金属含量一直维持在较低水平。流域TN与TP年均浓度比值范围为20～84,整体呈下降趋势，且各监测点的差异性逐渐减小；BOD₅与COD_Cr浓度比值范围为0.02～0.19,反映出典农河流域水体可生化性较差。各监测断面污染物之间存在较强相关性，其中：流域C...     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测地表水中11种酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定地表水中11种酚类化合物的方法。水样经过全自动固相萃取仪富集,以HLB柱为萃取柱,乙腈(含1%乙酸)为洗脱剂,用高效液相色谱仪分析定量。该方法在0.5~5.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 6~0.999 9,11种酚类化合物的纯水加标回收率为82.0%~111%,地表水加标回收率为98.5%~116%,精密度为3.58%~4.67%,检出限为1×10-4~5×10-4mg/L,该方法简单实用、准确可靠,可用于地表水中酚类化合物的同时测定。     

Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass

Water quality throughout south Florida has been a major concern for many years. Nutrient enrichment in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a major surface water issue and is suggested as a possible cause of symptoms of ecological degradation. In 2005-06, water samples were collected weekly from seven sites along Ten Mile Creek (TMC), which drains into the Indian River Lagoon, to investigate and analyze spatial and temporal fluctuations of nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to understand the relationships among chlorophyll a concentration, nutrient enrichment and hydrological parameters in the surface water body.High median concentrations of total P (TP, 0.272 mg L(-1)), PO4-P (0.122 mg L(-1)), and dissolved total P (DTP, 0.179 mg L(-1)); and total N (TN, 0.988 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (0.104 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (0.103 mg L(-1)), and total Kjeldahl N (TKN, 0.829 mg L(-1)), were measured in TMC. The concentrations of TP, PO4-P, DTP, TN, NO3(-)-N, NH4+-N, and TKN were higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring. However, chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations during this period in TMC varied in the range of 0.000-60.7 and 0.000-17.4 microg L(-1), with their median values of 3.54 and 3.02 microg L(-1), respectively. The greatest mean chlorophyll a (10.3 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (5.71 microg L(-1)) concentrations occurred in spring, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.49 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (1.97 mug L(-1)) in fall. High concentrations of PO4-P (>0.16 mg L(-1)), DTP (>0.24 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (>0.15 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (>0.12 mg L(-1)), and TKN (>0.96 mg L(-1)), occurred in the upstream of TMC, while high concentrations of chlorophyll a (>6.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (>3.9 microg L(-l)) were detected in the downstream of TMC. The highest chlorophyll a (11.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (6.06 microg L(-l)) concentrations, however, were associated with static and open water conditions. Hydrological parameters (total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, and water temperature) were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations (P < 0.01) and these factors overshadowed the relationships between N and P concentrations and chlorophyll a under field conditions. Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC and elevated N relative to P is beneficial to the growth of phytoplankton, which is supported by laboratory culture experiments under controlled conditions.