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对江苏省南京和苏州12个典型生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染现状进行了凋查。结果表明,生态示范区土壤中多环芳烃污染程度随土地利用类型不同而污染程度有所不同,以工业用地为主的土壤中多环芳烃含量明显高于以农业用地为主的土壤,其总量呈现出由工业区用地到蔬菜瓜果用地逐渐降低的趋势。2个示范区4环及其以上PAH含量明显高于2环-3环PAH,主要为石化燃料高温燃烧造成;而以农业为主的蔬菜生产基地等,多环芳烃主要来源于石油类污染。 相似文献
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云南省宣威市和富源县空气和土壤中多环芳烃污染水平研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宣威市和富源县位于我国云南省东北部,是全世界肺癌发病率最高的地区之一。当地居民在不通风的房间内燃烧烟煤做饭或取暖造成了严重的室内空气污染。研究表明,长期暴露在燃煤造成的污染物中是导致两地居民肺癌持续高发的主要原因,多环芳烃是最可疑的致病因子之一。2008年1月,分别用聚胺脂泡沫和玻璃纤维滤膜采集了当地9个点位室内、室外空气中气相和颗粒物相中的多环芳烃,同时采集了对应点位的土壤样品。通过对样品的分析,考察了当地空气和土壤中多环芳烃的污染水平、特征以及来源。结果证明,当地空气和土壤中存在严重的多环芳烃污染,室内污染显著高于室外,然而随着当地工业的发展室外污染同样不可忽视,主成分分析结合比值法证明,当地室内外多环芳烃的主要污染源来自于煤炭的燃烧。对空气颗粒物和土壤中多环芳烃浓度进行了比较,对土壤中多环芳烃的来源进行了验证。 相似文献
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五种多环芳烃化合物对鲤鱼肝微粒体芳烃羟化酶的诱导 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以鲤鱼肝微粒体为实验体系,研究了被五种多环芳烃(PAH)化合物菲、9,10-菲醌、芘、1-羟基芘、苯并芘污染后,其芳烃羟化酶(AHH)的活性变化,发现多环芳烃对AHH的诱导具有良好的剂量效应关系.AHH活性升高的大小可以作为监测多环芳烃对水体污染程度的一种生物指标.五种多环芳烃对AHH诱导能力的大小为1-羟基芘>苯并芘;9,10-菲醌>芘>菲,与其毒性大小相关. 相似文献
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青岛市松针中多环芳烃污染状况研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
松针、苔藓类等植物可有效的监测环境空气中多环芳烃等有机污染物。为了解青岛市松针中多环芳烃的污染状况,本文使用索氏提取、氧化铝-硅胶净化柱净化、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析的方法,研究了青岛市6个不同区域的松针中多环芳烃的含量。该方法的提取净化效率在70.8%以上。在6个采样点中,1号采样点松针中的多环芳烃含量最低,平均为7.54ng/g(湿重含量),5号和6号采样点最高,分别为41.0ng/g和39.6ng/g。多环芳烃浓度季节变化规律为春季〉冬季〉夏季;松针中三、四环多环芳烃占总量的82%~90%,苯并(a)芘与多环芳烃总量具有较好的相关性。 相似文献
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以河南省3类典型工业区域为例,分析研究其土壤中多环芳烃类化合物的种类组成及含量分布特征,结果表明:3类典型工业区域周边土壤中均检出14种PAHs,其中萘、芘、艹屈 、苯并[a]蒽具有较高的检出水平;大型化工企业周边土壤中PAHs的检出率高于油田和工业园区;检出的14种PAHs的总质量比均值,大型化工企业明显高于油田和工业园区;3类典型工业区域土壤中PAHs测定值明显高于背景值,表明土壤已受到PAHs的影响;来源分析表明,PAHs的污染主要源自石油和燃料的燃烧. 相似文献
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为了解莱芜市大气污染源排放颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度及影响因素,采集机动车尾气尘、扬尘、工业燃煤颗粒物、民用燃煤颗粒物等4种样品,分别测定多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,莱芜市大气环境颗粒物中多环芳烃主要来源于机动车尾气和民用燃煤,12种多环芳烃类值分别为(1 536. 48±0. 78)和(299. 83±0. 30)μg/g,机动车尾气尘与扬尘、民用燃煤、工业燃煤多环芳烃均存在显著性差异。不同组分中,苯并(ghi)苝的值最高,为(559. 96±7. 59)μg/g,其次为晕苯,为(445. 36±5. 94)μg/g,城市空气污染呈现煤烟和机动车尾气复合污染的特点。 相似文献
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Belabed Bourhane-Eddine Frossard Victor Dhib Amel Turki Souad Aleya Lotfi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9905-9915
A study of trace metal (TM) contamination was conducted at Lake Tonga (Algeria), a site surrounded by several indirect contamination point sources such as an abandoned mine and steelworks. Studying two sampling sites over four seasons, we were able to depict the spatial and temporal variability of TM contamination in the lake. Among the seven TM examined (Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cr), only Fe, Pb, and Cd showed concentrations significantly higher than the site’s geological background. The contamination index (sediment concentration/background concentration) calculated for these three TM (Cd = 1.9?±?1.6, Fe = 6.8?±?1.8, and Pb = 3.3?±?2.6) clearly indicated anthropogenic contamination. Sediment TM contamination differed both between sampling sites and seasons despite environmental variables (e.g., oxygen and pH) being similar, thus suggesting different TM contamination sources. Fe contamination was high at the two sampling sites and over all studied seasons, possibly indicating general lake-scale Fe contamination, probably related to atmospheric deposition of steelworks emissions both on the lake and within the watershed. Lake tributaries were further suspected of channeling Fe contamination from the watershed into the lake. On the other hand, the sampling site close to the outlet was especially rich in Cd and Pb typically reflecting contamination by mine wastes. The indirect connection between the abandoned mine and the lake indicates that runoff of mine leachates through groundwater was likely a candidate in explaining the specificity of the TM contamination in this part of the lake. This study provides insights for management of TM contamination by addressing both spatial and temporal variability within the lake as well as differences in contamination sources. 相似文献
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Feather material has been investigated as suitable indicating tissue for heavy metal pollution. At least three different routes are described through which trace metal content in the feathers can increase: internal deposition during growth, contamination by the bird's secretion and outside contamination.As mercury is only deposited during feather growth, the feather burden reflects the internal contamination of the bird. Internal deposition of zinc appears to be well regulated in the shaft but concentrations differ widely in the vanes. No external contamination of the vanes could be demonstrated, so these levels reflect contamination from inside. Selenium and lead contamination can be deposited by the birds secretion. When the time elapsed after feather formation is accounted for, the feather can give indirectly an indication of the birds exposure to these elements. 相似文献
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Iman Zarei Alireza Pourkhabbaz Reza Bashiri Khuzestani 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6047-6060
The aim of this study was to assess the pollution status of metals in sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve using pollution indicators. For this purpose, sediment samples from nine locations were collected and characterized for metal content (Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Fe) using the total digestion technique. Comparison of metal concentrations with that of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) demonstrated no association with negative biological effects for Cu and Zn, while the values of Pb and Cr mainly illustrated to have association with negative biological effects. The results of the geo-accumulation index (I geo) indicated no contamination for Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe, while the values of Pb demonstrated to have moderate contamination based on I geo values. The analysis of the enrichment factor (EF) showed no enrichment for Cu and Zn and minor enrichment for Pb and Cr. Similar results were also found for quantification of contamination (QoC) analysis, where the values of Cu and Zn demonstrated to have a geogenic source of contamination, while the values of Pb and Cr mainly illustrated to have an anthropogenic source of contamination. According to EF and QoC calculations, the values of Cu and Zn were derived mainly from natural processes and exposure of material from the earth’s crust, while the values for Pb and Cr were enriched by anthropogenic activities. The results of the contamination factor (C f i ) demonstrated low contamination levels for Fe, Cr, Zn, and Cu and moderate contamination levels for Pb. The pollution load index (PLI), showing the overall contamination of metals, demonstrated moderate pollution status in the study area. 相似文献
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Cattaneo A Couillard Y Wunsam S Fortin C 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(3):572-582
We studied the response of benthic diatoms to recent metal contamination in littoral cores collected at 25 sites in 11 lakes situated at different distances from a smelter in the Rouyn-Noranda mining region (Quebec). Diatom response was described in terms of density, diversity, and taxonomic composition of the entire assemblages and as abundance of individual indicator taxa. Metal concentrations were measured in sediment and in the overlying water (as total dissolved and as free-ions). Sediment metal contamination was significantly higher in lakes located <10 km from the smelters than in lakes farther away. Such difference was not significant when metal concentrations in the overlying water were considered. Metal contamination did not affect diatom density, which indeed was highest in the most contaminated lake. Diversity (either measured as number of taxa or as Shannon and evenness indices) was instead significantly higher in lakes close to the smelter than elsewhere. Redundancy analysis indicated that diatom composition changed along a gradient in alkalinity (CO?) and one in sediment metal contamination (Cd, Hg, Cu). We identified three diatom taxa (Fragilaria construens var. venter, F. construens var. pumila, and Brachysira vitrea) that increased in relative and absolute abundance with metal contamination. Benthic diatom responses at the community (density, diversity, assemblage composition) and population levels (abundance of selected benthic taxa) were stronger to the sediment metal contamination than to the contamination of overlying water. Comparisons with available literature indicated that, for monitoring recent sediment contamination, diatoms in littoral sediments are preferable to invertebrates that mostly respond to overlying water. Diatoms in littoral cores are therefore unique as tools for monitoring recent contamination of lake sediments. 相似文献
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Seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination in water and sediments of river Sabarmati and Kharicut canal at Ahmedabad, Gujarat 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Rita N. Kumar Rajal Solanki J. I. Nirmal Kumar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):359-368
The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal variations in the river water and sediment quality with respect to heavy metal contamination. To get the extent of trace metals contamination, water and sediment samples were collected from five different sites along the course of Sabarmati River and its tributary Kharicut canal in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The concentration of trace metals such as chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc was determined using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. The concentrations of heavy metals were found to be higher in the pre-monsoon season than in the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in water samples. The pollution load index, contamination factor and degree of contamination (C d) in sediments were calculated to know the extent of anthropogenic pressures. The values of C d clearly indicated very high degree of contamination at Kharicut canal (S-4: 32.25 and S-5: 54.52) and considerable degree of contamination at three sites of Sabarmati river viz; S-1, S-2 and S-3 with values 14.30, 14.42 and 17.21, respectively. Lead and nickel could not be traced in any of the river water samples. 相似文献