污水处理厂进出水及其受纳水体中典型PPCPs的污染特征

以对乙酰氨基酚为目标物,利用固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了该药物在泰安市污水处理厂进出水和地表水体中的含量。结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚在污水处理厂进水中均被检出,质量浓度为0.9~238μg/L,表明生活污水为污水处理厂该药物活性成分的来源,出水中质量浓度为ND~8.3μg/L,去除率较高,其中生物降解是主要的降解机制。在泮河中的质量浓度为ND~3.59μg/L,与国内外其他地表水体相比,处于同一个数量级,且污水厂排水口下游水体中目标物浓度高于上游,反映出污水处理厂排放可能是其受纳水体中PPCPs的主要来源之一。     

LC-MS/MS法测定沉积物中磺胺类和四环素类抗生素

沉积物样品用乙腈-柠檬酸缓冲溶液提取后经HLB-SPE柱净化,采用LC-MS/MS法在MRM模式下测定17种磺胺类和4种四环素类抗生素,通过优化测定条件,使方法在0. 500μg/kg～100μg/kg范围内线性良好。方法检出限为0. 15μg/kg～1. 2μg/kg,2个质量比水平的加标回收率为44. 1%～125%,试验5次结果的RSD 16. 0%。将该方法用于测定厦门近岸海域沉积物中抗生素,共有6种磺胺类和4种四环素类抗生素检出,测定值为0. 3μg/kg～26. 2μg/kg。     

微量铅的FI-AAS法在线预浓集测定

本文研究了以羟基磷灰石为微量柱填充材料对铅的流动注射在线预浓集特征,并与原子吸收光谱法结合实现了快速、灵敏和准确的测定工业废水中的铅.在浓度为2μg/ml和0.2μg/ml时的RSD分别为1.5%和2.2%,环境标准物质(GBW 08607)测定值的不确定度合符要求,工业废水的加标回收率为98～100%.     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定地表水中多种药物及个人护理品

采用快速液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)测定地表水中31种药物及个人护理品,通过优化分析条件,使方法在0.01μg/L～10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.2 ng/L～1.2 ng/L。地表水样品两个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为64.8%～125%,测定6次结果的RSD≤11%。将该方法用于上海市两条河道中10个水样的测定,结果地西泮、氟康唑、甘宝素、咖啡因、可替宁、氨基比林的测定值为6.56 ng/L～302 ng/L,其余PPCPs未检出。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定废水中20种元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,同时测定了废水中Be、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Ba、Hg、Tl、Pb、Th、U等20种元素,比较了5种不同消解体系对废水样品的加标回收结果,确定采用硝酸+过氧化氢消解体系。Hg在0.050μg/L～2.00μg/L、其他元素在5.00μg/L～500μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.01μg/L～0.2μg/L,国家有证标准物质的测定结果符合要求,废水样品平行测定的RSD为2.6%～6.5%,加标回收率为84%～110%。     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海产品中铅及其同位素比值

采用微波消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海产品中铅含量及其同位素比。通过选择本底铅浓度低的硝酸降低背景值,选择合适内标以减少仪器波动带来的误差,使得该方法在0μg/L~100μg/L范围内线性良好,~(204)Pb、~(206)Pb、~(207)Pb和208Pb的方法检出限为0.041μg/L~0.180μg/L。用该方法测定有证标准物质,结果在标准值范围内,海产品样品6次测定结果的RSD为3.1%~8.6%,加标回收率为89.9%~96.3%。26种海产品中总铅质量比为0.018 mg/kg~2.32 mg/kg,铅同位素~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb值为0.783 55~0.881 61。     

镇江市挥发性有机物污染特征及来源分析

利用镇江市2019年4—10月市区4个空气质量国控站点VOCs监测数据,对大气中70种VOCs的组分特征、时间与区域变化进行分析,并用比值法研究VOCs来源特征。结果表明,4个站点PAMS组分的测定值为17.7 μg/m3~27.5μg/m3,醛酮类组分为15.4 μg/m3~165 μg/m3。各站点VOCs来源侧重点略有不同,主要来源是工业源、交通源、溶剂涂料的使用等。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定尿液中的反-反黏糠酸和苯巯基尿酸

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定尿液中的苯代谢产物反-反黏糠酸与苯巯基尿酸,通过优化前处理和测定条件,使反-反黏糠酸在10.0μg/L～1 000μg/L范围内,苯巯基尿酸在0.500μg/L～50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为1.4μg/L和0.08μg/L。将该方法用于实际尿样的加标回收试验,结果加标回收率为90.6%～108%,6次测定结果的RSD为1.5%～4.2%,有证标准物质测定结果在规定范围内。     

GC-MS/MS法测定石油污染土壤中的多环芳烃

采用丙酮-正己烷混合溶液(体积比为1∶1)提取石油污染土壤样品中10种典型多环芳烃,用GC-MS/MS法测定。通过优化前处理和测定条件,使方法在0.100 mg/L～10.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为5.00μg/kg～15.8μg/kg。土壤样品加标回收试验6次测定结果的RSD为0.1%～16.6%,加标回收率为43.1%～109%。将该方法用于测定湖南某石化项目周边的实际土壤,结果表明该地区不同点位土壤中多环芳烃测定值为未检出～300μg/kg,在国家标准规定的范围内。     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害，结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题，就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作，更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据，本文提出相关的探讨。     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用

介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成，分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害，并就回收利用问题提出建议。     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

高校危险化学品分类分级管理实践与探索

根据国内危险化学品分类与分级管理现状,结合北京大学实验室危险化学品管理工作实际情况,总结了危险化学品源头管控、过程管理、监督检查等方面的分级分类管理策略与方法,介绍了北京大学在实验室安全教育与培训、技防与物防建设、信息化技术运用、奖惩机制建设方面的经验,以期为提升危险化学品管理水平、消除安全隐患、提高高校实验室安全管理质量提供参考。