共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
科学合理规划环境信息资源共享平台是解决资源重复建设严重、统一规划与协调缺乏、合作建设少等问题的关键。文章对环境信息资源及其共享方式进行分析,旨在利用顶层设计实现环境信息资源的整合,建立资源共享平台,并提出了可行性方案。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
论述了信息是知识、是资源、是财富,信息是有价值的,其产生和应用是有一定规律的,环境信息与其它信息具有同样的属性,它能对环境决策活动起到了参考和指导作用,能对社会和环境带来明显的效益,因此,环境信息具有价值和使用价值的功能,文中就如何产出较高价值的环境信息提出了具体措施。 相似文献
5.
环境监控(监测)建设与发展过程的思考 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
论述环境监控系统的发展过程、具体应用和建设的意义。叙述环境监控系统的建设为解决环境质量监测、污染源在线自动监测和生态监测与具体部门相关联而造成信息孤岛的问题,提倡环保多业务综合共享信息的标准化;环境监控系统的建设是基础,应用是关键,运行维护管理是保障,三者不可偏废。让环境管理者产生形象思维,拓宽思路和视野,发现和解决新问题。 相似文献
6.
简单介绍了WEB数据库的ASP开发技术,设计了网络数据库公文查询系统的查询方案,已建立的公文数据库采取HTTP传输协议,应用WWW信息发布方式,实现了甘肃省环保局避域网内公文的共享,从而为网络技术在未来环境信息网络数据库数据的发布提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
7.
本文分析了我国环境技术信息获得和传播的障碍,提出了要促进环境技术信息的获得和传播,必须建立环境技术信息系统,建立全方位动态数据库,建立联机检索终端,开通国际信息渠道。 相似文献
8.
9.
戢启宏 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(3):1-3
阐述了环境监测管理决策支持系统的信息来源,介绍了基础数据库的建立方式,指出环境监测管理决策支持系统包括系统储备信息、系统更新信息、请求信息和解决方案信息,由用户、语言系统、知识系统和问题处理系统组成,具备基础数据管理、决策支持和环境预警功能,具有实用性、开放性和高效性。 相似文献
10.
11.
Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage fromurban areas in western-south Poland was monitored duringthe vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al,Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Znwere measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leavesusing the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metalconcentrations and their relations with sampling sitewere investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al,Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. Thehighest differences in element concentrations forinvestigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni.Interelement correlations were investigated. In allfoliar samples synergistic relationships between Al–Crand Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negativecorrelations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves. 相似文献
12.
用AQUA800辨别分析仪同时测定地面水中的氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氯化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐,是一种简便、迅速、准确、可靠的测定方法,样品无需预处理,精密度试验其变异系数分别为1.24%、2.18%、2.02%、2.67%、2.35%、3.57%、4.78%,加标回收率分别为103.5%、101.0%、95.0%、99.2%、97.6%、101.5%、98.0%,方法检测限分别为氨0.022mg/L,硝酸盐0.015mp/L,亚硝酸盐0.002tug/L,氯化物0.47mg/L,正磷酸盐0.015mg/L,总硬度17.6mg/L,硅酸盐0.55mg/L,能满足地面水中辨别分析仪同时测定氨、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐点化物、正磷酸盐、总硬度和硅酸盐分析测定的要求。 相似文献
13.
Interspecific and Locational Differences in Heavy Metal Levels in Four Species of Birds Near Sydney, Australia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We examined the levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in four species of birds near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in January, 1996. Molted contour feathers were collected from silver gull, Larus novaehollandiae (Royal National Park and downtown Sydney), sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea (Blue Mountains, Royal National Park, and Sydney), Australian white ibis, Threskiornis molucca (Sydney), and rock dove Columba livia (Royal National Park and Sydney). We tested the null hypothesis that there were no species or locational differences in metal levels. There were significant species differences in all metals, with rock doves having the highest levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, and manganese, and silver gulls having the highest levels of mercury and selenium. Metal levels were generally low in cockatoos, and were lowest in those from the Royal National Park. For silver gulls, cadmium, lead, and chromium levels were highest at Sydney, and there were no locational differences in manganese, mercury, and selenium levels. For rock doves, cadmium, chromium and manganese were higher in Sydney, and there were no locational differences in lead, mercury, and selenium. Overall, cadmium and chromium levels were significantly higher in Sydney than in the Royal National Park for all species, and there were no locational differences in mercury levels. Although the levels of most metals in feathers from these Australian birds were within the ranges reported worldwide, lead levels in ibises and rock doves were among the highest reported worldwide, suggesting a cause for concern. 相似文献
14.
Jamrah A Al-Futaisi A Prathapar S Harrasi AA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):315-327
This study aims to evaluate the potential of greywater availability in Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, to establish
a methodology for greywater quantity estimation, to test greywater quality in order to assess reuse potential, and to examine
public acceptance for reuse.Total fresh water consumption and greywater generation from different household sources were measured
by water meters in five selected households during summer and winter. Additionally, a survey was designed and conducted in
five administrative areas of Muscat Governorate, with the objective of testing a methodology for estimating greywater generation
potential in these areas. Collected data were compared with that used by the Ministry of Housing, Electricity and Water, Sultanate
of Oman. The survey covered a total of 169 houses and 1,365 people. Greywater samples were collected and analyzed from showers,
laundries, kitchens and sinks in some of these households to determine their water quality parameters. Statistical analysis
results indicated that there is no significant variance in the total fresh water consumption between data used by the ministry
and those measured and estimated during this study, highlighting the applicability of the tested method. The study concluded
that the average per capita greywater generation rate is 151 Lpcd. Greywater production ranged from 80 to 83% of the total
fresh water consumption and most of the greywater is generated from showers. Further, 55 to 57% of the greywater generated
in a typical Omani household originated from the shower, 28 to 33% originated from the kitchen, 6 to 9% originated from laundry,
and 5 to 7% originated from sink, which constitutes approximately 81% of the total fresh water consumption. The physical,
chemical, and biological analyses of the grab samples revealed that greywater contains significant levels of suspended solids,
inorganic constituents, total organic carbon, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, total Coliforms and Escherichia Coliform
bacteria. The public acceptance survey illustrated that approximately 76% of the respondents accepted the reuse of greywater
for gardening, 53% for car washing and 66% for toilet flushing. 相似文献
15.
Burger J Shukla T Dixon C Shukla S McMahon MJ Ramos R Gochfeld M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,71(1):71-89
Levels of heavy metals are usuallyhigher in adult than young birds because they eatlarger, more contaminated prey, or because they havehad longer to accumulate metals in their tissues.Further, levels of contaminants are usually less inbirds nesting on remote, offshore islands than inbirds breeding closer to mainland areas that areurbanized and industrialized. We examined the featherlevels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese,mercury, and selenium in adult sooty terns (Sterna fuscata), gray-backed terns (Sterna lunata), and brown noddy (Anous stolidus, and adult and young white terns (Gygis alba, fromMidway Atoll, and in adult and young sooty terns andadult brown noddy from Manana Island, Hawaii (chicksof other terns were not available). We tested andrejected the null hypotheses that metal levels are notsignificantly different among species, ages, andlocations. Despite their small size, adult white ternshad the highest levels of lead, arsenic and tin. Brownnoddies had the highest levels of cadmium, chromium,manganese, and selenium. Sooty and white terns had thehighest levels of mercury. Sooty tern adults hadsignificantly higher levels of cadmium, mercury, andselenium than young, while young had significantlyhigher levels of arsenic and manganese. White ternadults had significantly higher levels of selenium andtin than young, while young had higher levels ofcadmium and mercury than adults. Except for mercury,there were significant inter-location differenceswithin species in all heavy metals. Contrary toexpectation, where the differences were great, metalsgenerally were higher in the feathers of terns andnoddies from Midway than from Manana. 相似文献
16.
Geochemical study of groundwater from a structurally deformed granitic terrain near Hyderabad (India) was carried out to understand
and evaluate the hydrogeochemical processes and quality of groundwater. Several trace elements (Fe, Mn, Be, Al, V, Cr, Co,
Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, U) along with major ions and minor elements were precisely estimated in shallow and
drilled wells to know the suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. Analytical data shows that pH and major
ion chemistry in dug wells and bore wells do not vary significantly, while some trace elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Be, Co, Pb, U
and Zn) vary in dug wells and bore wells, which can be attributed to differential mineral weathering and dissolution/precipitation
reactions along fractures/joints. Although the water is not potable, it was found to be suitable for irrigation with little
danger in the development of harmful level of exchangeable sodium. It is inferred that the chemical composition of the groundwater
in this region is likely to have its origin from silicate weathering reactions and dissolution/precipitation processes supported
by rainfall and groundwater flow. 相似文献
17.
An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
相似文献
18.
This study aimed to make a review and forecast on fertilizers consumption worldwide in order to provide basal data for the
decision-making of fertilizers production and for the environmental impact assessment of fertilizers application. It was found
that fertilizers consumption was dependent on human population and the increase of fertilizers consumption was mainly resulted
from expansion of human population. The univariate linear model, y=a+rx(t), where y is the fertilizers consumption, x(t) is the total human population at year t, r is the annual fertilizers consumption per capita, was used to fit historical data of fertilizers consumption, and the forecasts
during 2010 to 2030 were given in detail. Model analysis showed that world’s per capita annual consumption of total fertilizers,
nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and potash fertilizers, were 34.6, 24.4, 6.6, and 3.7 kg, respectively. Per
capita annual consumption of total fertilizers for Asia, Africa, Caribbean, Oceania, North & Central America, Europe, and
South America were 38.8, 5.9, 6.8, 114.0, 62.9, −0.9, and 43.6 kg, respectively. Compared to the current level, the world’s
total fertilizers consumption would reach 226,150,381 Mt by 2030, an increase of 32.1% against current level. Worldwide consumption
of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and potash fertilizers would reach 141,800,601, 50,961,129, and 33,388,650 Mt
by 2030, increasing 37.5, 25.8, and 21.2% based on current levels. Consumption of total, nitrogenous, phosphate, and potash
fertilizers in Asia and Africa would increase 54 to 55% and 40 to 60% by 2030, respectively. Total fertilizers consumption
in North & Central America would see an increase of 39.4% by 2030, and in South America and Oceania it would increase by 30.9
and 64.7%, respectively. By 2030, Caribbean’s consumption for total fertilizers would increase 2.8%. Europe’s total fertilizers
consumption was forecast to continuously decline and would have a decrease of 2.4% by 2030. Annual relative growths of consumption
of total fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and potash fertilizers for the world, Africa, Asia,
and South America were forecast to decrease in the forecast period. For North & Central America, annual relative growths of
consumption of total fertilizers and nitrogenous fertilizers would decrease and the others would increase annually by 2030.
Annual relative growths of consumption of total fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, and potash fertilizers for Oceania were
forecast to rise annually by 2030. Europe’s annual relative growths of consumption of total fertilizers and potash fertilizers
would decrease in the future. 相似文献
19.
Veado MA Arantes IA Oliveira AH Almeida MR Miguel RA Severo MI Cabaleiro HL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):157-172
Intense mining activities in Minas Gerais State – Brazil brings out tons of waste to the environment. Considerable concentrations
of toxic elements penetrate the soil, ground waters and rivers. This endangers the environment quality not only in the surrounding
areas but also in ichthyofauna and in more distant areas of cattle raising and agricultural activities. After seasonal floods,
veterinary clinic studies have shown that most animals raised in this region are affected by symptomatologic nervous diseases,
still not clearly diagnosed, which suggests intoxication. These pathologies are mostly noted after floods. Instrumental Neutron
Activation Analysis was applied to determine Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb,
Sb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn in environmental samples. The obtained results show that the water and sediment contaminated with heavy
metals and toxic elements from the Das Velhas River upstream basin, the mining region, carry contamination to the ichthyofauna
and farming region within a distance of approximately 400 km. 相似文献
20.
Burger J Gochfeld M Jeitner C Gray M Shukla T Shukla S Burke S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):311-321
Kelp may be useful as a bioindicator because they are primary producers that are eaten by higher trophic level organisms,
including people and livestock. Often when kelp or other algae species are used as bioindicators, the whole organism is homogenized.
However, some kelp can be over 25 m long from their holdfast to the tip of the blade, making it important to understand how
contaminant levels vary throughout the plant. We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury
and selenium in five different parts of the kelp Alaria nana to examine the variability of metal distribution. To be useful as a bioindicator, it is critical to know whether levels are
constant throughout the kelp, or which part is the highest accumulator. Kelp were collected on Adak Island in the Aleutian
Chain of Alaska from the Adak Harbor and Clam Cove, which opens onto the Bering Sea. In addition to determining if the levels
differ in different parts of the kelp, we wanted to determine whether there were locational or size-related differences. Regression
models indicated that between 14% and 43% of the variation in the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury,
and selenium was explained by total length, part of the plant, and location (but not for lead). The main contributors to variability
were length (for arsenic and selenium), location (mercury), and part of the plant (for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese).
The higher levels of selenium occurred at Clam Cove, while mercury was higher at the harbor. Where there was a significant
difference among parts, the holdfast had the highest levels, although the differences were not great. These data indicate
that consistency should be applied in selecting the part of kelp (and the length) to be used as a bioindicator. While any
part of Alaria could be collected for some metals, for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and manganese a conversion should be made among parts.
In the Aleutians the holdfast can be perennial while the blade, whipped to pieces by winter wave action, is regrown each year.
Thus the holdfast may be used for longer-term exposure for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese, while the blade can be
used for short-term exposure for all metals. Cadmium, lead and selenium were at levels that suggest that predators, including
people, may be at risk from consuming Alaria. More attention should be devoted to heavy metal levels in kelp and other algae from Adak, particularly where they may play
a role in a subsistence diets. 相似文献