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1.
棉浆粕废水具有排放量大、有机污染物浓度高、色度深等特点,用在线监测仪测定废水中的TOC,同时用重铬酸钾法测定废水中的CODCr,以此寻找出棉浆粕废水中CODCr与TOC之间的相关性.采用在线监测仪快速测定废水中的TOC值,可间接求出CODCr的测定值,能够真实反映棉浆粕废水中CODCr值,从而达到对棉浆粕废水中CODCr含量的有效监控.  相似文献   

2.
水质氨氮在线监测仪广泛用于各类水体中氨氮的在线监测,随着我国水质氨氮减排工作的开展,污染源废水中氨氮浓度逐渐降低,目前市场上的水质氨氮在线监测仪是否适用于低浓度氨氮样品的在线监测成为广大环保工作者关心的问题。选取3种不同类型的水质氨氮在线监测仪分别进行低浓度标样和实际水样测试,并对结果进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
为实现我国对CODCr排污总量控制,提出了CODCr现场监测的实施方法及总量监测方法。各排污单位必须配备污水流量计、自动采样器或CODCr在线连续自动监测仪等,对污水中CODCr的排放总量实施监测。同时着重介绍了CODCr在线连续自动监测仪。  相似文献   

4.
对废水中COD的连续在线监测,不同原理监测仪器的测定结果与标准分析方法之间存在差异[1-3],而且各种废水成分复杂多样,现场环境温度和湿度的变化,也是影响测定结果的因素.通过比对测量,可以确定连续在线监测数据与标准分析方法测量数据之间的相关性参数,确保数据的可靠溯源.南京市污染源在线自动监测系统采用的COD连续在线监测仪的品种较多,为此,进行了COD连续在线监测仪的仪器测量结果与人工监测结果的比对分析.  相似文献   

5.
自动监测技术在污染物总量控制监测上的应用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
为配合<"九五"期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划>的实施,中国环境监测总站与燕化公司环境保护监测站合作,在燕化公司某化工厂排放口设立了水污染物总量控制自动监测技术示范工程.该示范工程采用在线流量计、pH计、COD仪、油监测仪、采样器等监测设备和技术,对水污染物在线自动监测技术进行了多方面的试验,为实施水污染物总量控制的在线自动监测提供了经验.  相似文献   

6.
实施污染物排放总量控制是我国环境管理制度的重大转变。废水监测是实行废水排放总量控制管理支持系统的重要组成部分。本文旨在探讨监测在废水总量控制中的作用、废水总量监测体系及废水总量监测中的关键性工作等几个问题,以帮助人们正确看待废水总量监测,促进废水总量监测技术和管理的研究,使废水总量控制得到科学的,有力支持。  相似文献   

7.
DL 2001COD水质在线监测仪现场验收的若干问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
佛山市南海区从2004年开始筹建了重点污染源(废水)在线管理系统,2005年该区环境保护监测站在开展水质在线监测仪的验收监测时发现了一些问题,提出了改进建议。  相似文献   

8.
针对验收监测中废水总量核定面临的问题,根据中小项目环保验收的实践,对于排污口是否安装在线监测设备、是否具备测流条件等不同情况,分别提出了验收监测中相应的废水总量核定技术,具有很好的可操作性.  相似文献   

9.
浦东新区实施污染物排放总量控制的思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
阐述了上海市浦东新区在“十五”期间对污染物排放总量控制任务的计划,分析了实施污染物排放总量控制在改善新区环境质量中存在的问题,提出开展污染物排放总量控制工作,应在遵循生态规律;深化工业污染防治工作;建立主要污染企业,废水和废气的在线连续自动的总量监测管理系统;加紧建设和完善污水收集系统;加强农业和农村,特别是农村畜禽养殖业污染物的管理、利用和治理;推广清洁生产和企业ISO14000管理,以及固废尤其是危废的管理上加强工作。另外,还要积极探索排污权的有偿使用工作。  相似文献   

10.
地下水在线监测技术可以实现地下水水质的高频监测,是未来发展的重要趋势。梳理国内外地下水在线监测技术研究进展,以上海市典型水文地质特征与环境质量状况为例,探讨地下水在线监测点位布设、指标筛选、监测方式及监测井设计等技术要点。首先,优化监测点位布设,对需要开展高频监测的区域或重点风险源开展在线监测,以代表性点位反映总体地下水环境质量状况。其次,综合筛选监测指标,除常规参数外,优先选取水体中的氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等作为在线监测指标,在具有潜在有机污染的区域,选取水中有机物、水中油等作为有机污染指示性指标。应进一步加强指标之间的相关性分析,为指示性指标的确立提供依据。再次,合理确定监测方式,根据取样方式以及污染源风险等级,设置相应的微型站和小型站。最后,优化监测井设计技术方案,进一步研究不同井管材质对地下水中无机或有机污染物的长期吸附(解吸)作用。  相似文献   

11.
"十二五"期间,新疆在社会经济快速发展的背景下,主要污染物总量控制工作逐步深入推进,四项主要污染物排放总量得到了有效的控制,区域环境质量总体稳定,通过对"十二五"新疆主要污染物总量控制工作取得的成效、存在的问题进行分析,为"十三五"新疆总量控制工作提出建议。  相似文献   

12.
The goal of this study is to develop an emission based indicator for the health impact of the air pollution caused by traffic. This indicator must make it possible to compare different situations, for example different Urban Travel Plans, or technical innovations. Our work is based on a literature survey of methods for evaluating health impacts and, more particularly, those which relate to the atmospheric pollution caused by transport. We then define a health impact indicator based on the traffic emissions, named IISCEP for Chronic health impact indicator of pollutant emission. Here health is understood in a restricted meaning, excluding well-being. Only primary pollutants can be considered, as the inputs are emission data and an indicator must be simple. The indicator is calculated as the sum of each pollutant emission multiplied by a dispersion and exposition factor and a substance specific toxicity factor taking account of the severity.Last, two examples are shown using the IISCEP: comparison between petrol and diesel vehicles, and Nantes urban district in 2008 vs 2002.Even if it could still be improved, IISCEP is a straightforward indicator which can be used to gauge the chronic effects of inhaling primary pollutants. It can only be used in comparisons, between different scenarios or different technologies. The quality of the emissions data and the choice of the pollutants that are considered are the two essential factors that determine its validity and reliability.  相似文献   

13.
Effective water quality assessment programs require the formulation of common objectives between managers who are making decisions and scientists who are obtaining the information on which those decisions are to be made. The data collected must be apropriate for use in the decision making process. After the objectives have been formulated a number of testable hypotheses can be proposed and evaluated in terms of what information is required for decision making.From a management perspective it is important to know if an impact occurs and what management strategy to adopt to reduce or eliminate the impact. When bioaccumulators are used to indicate environmental quality the organisms proposed need to be fully evaluated before being used. Communities, which are often used to assess levels of impact, have the capacity to assimilate pollutants and they will function under pollutant stress. Thus managers need to make value judgements about when a community structure or function has shifted from acceptable to adverse. Bioassays in which the effects of pollutants on growth, biochemistry and behaviour are measured, give an indication of the sub-lethal effects of a pollutant, but it is difficult to set meaningful levels that are not to be exceeded for use by managers.Difficulties in using chemical and biological data mainly arise from a lack of appreciation of environmental heterogeneity. The data obtained must meet the needs for statistically testing hypotheses. Before programs can be designed to meet statistical needs the potential sources of variability must be considered. Once the minimum differences that are seen as important have been determined, the number of replicates needed can be calculated. Data verification is also needed, as if the validity of data is questioned, so will any decisions that have been made based on those data. Finally programs should be designed to minimize the sampling effort/cost to meet the objectives.  相似文献   

14.
通过对典型行业废水有机污染物排放现状的调查研究,探讨我国现有污水排放标准存在的问题,即现有的标准不能有效控制废水特征有机污染物排放。依据美国环保局多介质环境模型,用不同方法计算水介质排放环境目标值,用该值作为标准限值,评价典型行业废水有机污染物监测结果。针对典型行业废水有机污染物排放特征,提出制订排放控制标准的建议。  相似文献   

15.
The genetic modification of organisms for food use has raised serious concern about the potential for adverse effects on the environment, ecosystems and on the health of humans and animals. As a relatively new technology, its impacts remain uncertain but could range from disturbances to the genetic functioning of individual organisms to a reduction in the biodiversity of farmland. As a result, the question of how to monitor for potential impacts is beset with problems. The fact that genetic modification can be used on a range of organisms for a variety of purposes means that those developing monitoring systems will need to be as imaginative as those developing GMOs. In the case of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for food use, concern has focussed on the transfer of genes to other organisms, the potential for effects on non-target organisms, or on the health of humans and animals, and the likelihood of adverse effects on wildlife due to changes in farming practice. As with other new and unfamiliar technologies, genetic modification is also plagued by the problem of uncertainty. Novel genes are inserted randomly into the genome of the host organisms, and this leads to the possibility of unexpected effects. Unanticipated environmental disasters, such as the concentration of persistent organic pollutants in ecosystems at high latitudes, have highlighted the need for monitoring despite the obvious difficulties inherent in monitoring for unexpected effects.  相似文献   

16.
A new sampling system has been developed for the measurement of time-averaged concentrations of organic micropollutants in aquatic environments. The system is based on the diffusion of targeted organic compounds through a rate-limiting membrane and the subsequent accumulation of these species in a bound, hydrophobic, solid-phase material. It provides a novel and robust solution to the problem of monitoring in situations where large temporal fluctuations in pollutant levels may occur. Accumulation rates are regulated by choice of diffusion-limiting membrane and bound solid-phase material and have been found to be dependent on the physico-chemical properties of individual target analytes. Two separate prototype systems are described: one suitable for the sampling of non-polar organic species with log octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) values greater than 4, the other for more polar species with log P values between 2 and 4. Both systems use the same solid-phase material (47 mm C18 Empore disk) as a receiving phase but are fitted with different rate-limiting membrane materials (polysulfone for the polar and polyethylene for the non-polar analytes). The two systems complement each other and together can be used for sampling a wider range of organic analytes than generally possible using current passive sampling techniques. Calibration data are presented for both devices. In each case, linear uptake kinetics were sustained, under constant conditions, for deployment periods of between 1 and 9 days. The effects of water temperature and turbulence on sampling rates have been quantitatively assessed. The performance of the system was further investigated by means of field exposures for one and two weeks in marine environments where calibrated samplers were used to determine the time-averaged concentrations of the polar biocides diuron and irgarol 1051. The quantitative results obtained using the passive sampler were compared with those obtained using spot sampling.  相似文献   

17.
层次分析赋权法在城市空气质量排名中的应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过对空气质量排名中常用的综合指数法的优缺点进行分析,提出了一种基于层次分析法的加权综合指数排名方法,根据每种污染物的重要性不同,赋予各污染物相应的权重,进行了城市间排名测算分析。结果表明,加权综合指数法兼顾了各项污染物对空气质量的贡献,又能够重点突出主要污染物的贡献,各城市间可比性强,能够客观、准确、公平地反映不同城市间空气质量状况差异,能满足当前中国城市环境空气质量排名工作的需要。  相似文献   

18.
浑太河流域水质达标控制方法研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
结合浑太河流域水资源网络节点图,根据污染物来源、种类及其产生机理,针对计算单元水资源供需平衡预测数据、降雨径流值,分点源、非点源进行规划水平年污染物入河量的预测。根据浑太河流域地形特征、入河污染物降解特性,以水功能区水体纳污能力为计算单元污染物排放总量控制条件,给出基于规划水平年入河污染物变动特性的水质达标控制方法。运用该方法进行浑太河流域水质达标控制:2030年,流域总需水7.4亿立方米,缺水深度在1%以下,COD、NH3-N、TP、TN的入河量分别为28.5×104、2.8×104、3.1×104、4.6×104t,对应的入河控制量分别为9.3×104、0.6×104、0.8×104、0.9×104t,经控制后水功能区目标水质达标率100%。证实了该水质达标控制方法有效、可行。  相似文献   

19.
The tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) system is widely used to measure continuous particle mass concentrations in air quality networks. However, the semi-volatile aerosol material is lost under normal operation conditions (50 °C). This study has evaluated the error in the organic fraction of the TEOM-measured secondary organic aerosols formed from the degradation of biogenic pollutants. Experiments were carried out under controlled, water-free conditions in a fully equipped, high volume atmospheric simulator--the European PhotoReactor (EUPHORE). The ozonolysis of α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene provided a reproducible source of organic aerosol. Particulate matter concentration profiles were registered for different TEOM operating temperatures. When these values were compared with values from a filter-based gravimetric method and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), they showed that the differences between monitoring systems increased with increasing TEOM temperature. According to our results, when the TEOM is operated at 50 °C, it fails to measure 32-46% of the organic particulate material, depending on the aerosol precursor. This study has also identified and quantified the multi-oxygenated organic compounds lost in the TEOM monitoring by using a method based on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Important losses have been calculated for relevant ambient aerosol compounds such as pinonic acid, pinonaldehyde, norpinone and limonalic acid. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that a high operating temperature of the TEOM monitor reduces the humidity interference but underestimates the semi-volatile organic fraction.  相似文献   

20.
基于污染物检测特征信息结合区域产业结构、企业布局等信息构建了大气污染物指纹系统,通过污染物检测特征信息构建的第一级指纹数据库实现了对大气特征污染物的识别和污染物应急处置措施的推送;通过污染源行业及其排放的特征污染物信息构建的第二级指纹数据库实现了产排污行业的溯源;通过企业及其产排污信息,结合气象条件构建的第三级指纹数据库实现了对产排污企业的溯源。基于大气污染物指纹数据库的污染溯源技术为突发环境污染事故中污染物质的识别和污染源的追踪提供了新途径。实际应用验证表明,大气污染物指纹系统污染溯源响应快速、识别精准,实现了大气污染物从监测、溯源到应急处置的全过程无缝衔接。  相似文献   

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