可吸入颗粒上多环芳烃来源的识别和解析

根据化学质量平衡(CMB)受体模型对安阳市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃进行源解析。测定安阳市非采暖季和采暖季可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度,对其污染水平进行比较分析。根据污染源调查结果,确定市区多环芳烃的主要排放源类,并建立相应的源成分谱。应用CMB受体模型解析安阳市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃主要来源的分担率。     

乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析

通过对乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物和多环芳烃主要污染源煤烟尘和机动车尾气尘进行采样和分析,得到可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度和污染源中多环芳烃的含量,利用化学质量平衡受体模型对其来源进行分析。     

大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的源解析方法

综述了用于大气颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs)源解析的主要定性、定量方法、并对其优缺点作了总结。比值法多用于定性解析，化学质量平衡法（CMB）要求源的成分谱较全面，而多元统计法则要求输入的数据较多。由于缺乏各污染源较完整的PAHs成分谱，且PAHs易发生化学反应，所以CMB法难以广泛推广，而多元统计法对源成分谱，且PAHs易发生化学反应，所以CMB法难以广泛推广，而多元统计不对源成分谱要求低，且不需要考虑PAHs的降解，因而具有推广价值。     

天津市开放源可吸入颗粒物污染问题分析

通过高斯面源反演的计算方法对天津市扬尘污染源进行反演计算,建立开放源可吸入颗粒物污染源强数据库,系统分析了城市扬尘污染问题。数值试验模拟结果表明,扬尘控制措施与环境质量呈现很好的线性相关关系,通过模拟2004年天津市建筑施工扬尘对城市可吸入颗粒物污染贡献,提出扬尘污染问题解决方案。     

龙岩市区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的种类和时空分布特征及来源

采用恒能量同步荧光法检测了龙岩市大气颗粒物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs),比较了龙岩市区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源。     

CMB模型对污染源成分谱的敏感性分析

进行了源解析化学质量平衡法(CMB)EPA-CMB8.2模型对不同污染源类的敏感性分析。结果表明:CMB模型对道路尘源的敏感性水平为0.90,对木材燃烧源很敏感,对生物质燃烧源的敏感性水平为0.93,且对氯元素的拟合差异较大。将相关性在敏感性水平以上的成分谱通过取其平均值得到新的成分谱,使用新成分谱的解析结果与使用原有成分谱的结果相一致。分析结果为源成分谱的使用提供了依据,拓宽了CMB模型的应用。     

天津城郊土壤中PAHs含量特征及来源解析

以天津市郊环城四区为研究对象,系统采集了环城四区95个表层土壤样品,利用高效液相色谱仪对16种PAHs进行分析测定,结果表明,西青、东丽、津南和北辰土壤中16种PAHs的总量范围分别为62.6～1 994.9、36.1～4 074.7、20.1～2 502.5、22.1～707.7μg/kg;平均含量分别为445.8、841.8、509.5、242.5μg/kg。四区中都以高环多环芳烃为主,西青、东丽、北辰和津南高环多环芳烃分别占多环芳烃总比例的45.4%、42.2%、38.8%和38.7%。空间分析的结果表明,靠近天津市市区样点土壤中多环芳烃的含量要明显高于远离市区土壤中多环芳烃的含量。利用环数PAHs的相对丰度和比值法对天津市郊环城四区土壤中多环芳烃的污染来源进行了解析,研究区土壤监测样点的PAHs主要来自燃烧源,少部分来自石油类来源或几种污染源的共同复合累加的作用。     

莱芜市颗粒物源解析

通过受体模型对莱芜市大气中总悬浮颗粒物的来源进行了定性识别和定量分析。确定了排放源的种类和排放源的贡献，就可以将有限的资金投入到重点污染源的治理．     

焦炉工人PAHs空气日均暴露浓度分析

用个体采样器对100名受试者进行了可吸入颗粒物和气态样品的24h跟踪采集，并通过梯度洗脱一反相HPLC／可编程序荧光检测法定量分析了样品中14种多环芳烃。结果表明，不同受试人员多环芳烃空气日均暴露浓度存在很大差异，其中焦炉工人受多环芳烃中BaP空气日均暴露浓度为0．5μg／m^3～1．7μg／m^3，炼纲厂工作人员和清洁区办公人员的BaP空气日均暴露浓度分别为0．02μg／m^3和0．01μg／m^3。不同受试人员多环芳烃空气日均暴露在PM10及气相中的分配比例也略有不同，焦炉工人的BaP空气日均暴露浓度有近99％来自PM10，一般人群为93％左右。指出2环、3环多环芳烃主要以气态形式存在，4环至6环多环芳烃主要分布在PM10中。     

重点流域水系沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品制备

环境标准样品是监测过程中重要的质量控制手段,中国受天然基体标准样品制备技术的制约,尚未拥有自己的沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品。为制备符合中国重点流域沉积物类型及多环芳烃浓度水平的沉积物标准样品,对中国6个重点流域的沉积物进行了采样,获得了制备多环芳烃标准样品的原料。分析常温及冷冻2种干燥方式对多环芳烃的影响,为制备大批量多环芳烃标准样品提供数据支持。对11个点位样品采用气相色谱质谱法测定16种优控多环芳烃化合物浓度,结果表明,样品均匀性良好,样品中多环芳烃检出率在99%以上,江河沉积物样品中多环芳烃浓度区间为664~2.91×103μg/kg,湖泊样品最高值达到1.25×105μg/kg,其主要污染源是化学燃料的燃烧。为中国制备水系沉积物中多环芳烃标准样品积累了技术基础。     

膜、柱串联固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究

建立了用膜-柱串联固相萃取(SPE)技术,甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析水中EPA优先监控的16种PAHs的方法.     

兰州市大气降尘中PAHs主要来源及其分布特征

对兰州市春季不同功能区大气降尘有机质中PAHs种类的分析,检出了大气降尘中有机质USEPA优控PAHs有11种以上,含量较高的萘、荧蒽、菲、芘、,占各采样点PAHs总量的70%以上。源解析表明,兰州市各功能区大气降尘中PAHs来源不仅有较高的燃煤源、交通源(汽车尾气),同时PAHs的组成与分布也在很大程度上受到采样点周围居民居住环境的影响。     

不同土地利用类型作物中多环芳烃含量调查

文章调查了江苏苏州某典型生态示范区内,多环芳烃在不同土地利用类型和各种作物的富集、迁移、转化情况并进行比对、分析,确定不同土地利用类型中作物多环芳烃污染水平不同;不同作物对多环芳烃的富集效率不同;同一作物的不同组织(器官)多环芳烃含量也不同,初步分析了多环芳烃在水-土-气各介质之间的迁移富集规律.为推进江苏"生态省"建设与可持续发展提供一定的技术参考依据.     

武汉市东西湖农场表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量分布特征

对武汉市东西湖农场土壤中多环芳烃的含量调查表明,除紧靠马路边、居民区的土壤中多环芳烃的浓度高于荷兰制定的土壤修复标准之外,其余地方均在此标准值之内,其中主要是高环多环芳烃含量超标严重。证明了汽车尾气所排放的多环芳烃要高于居民日常生活的排放量。多环芳烃在水平方向上的迁移存在色谱效应。     

三峡库区重庆段江水中持久性有机污染物污染状况分析

对三峡库区重庆段水域中持久性有机污染物的污染状况进行了分析,两期水样检出百多种有机物,冬季枯水期检出178种;夏季丰水期检出144种。其中属于美国国家环保局优先控制污染物黑名单的有18种,属于我国优先控制污染物黑名单的有7种。分析结果表明,重庆段水域多环芳烃类和邻苯二甲酸酯类检出率比较高,需要予以密切关注。     

Sub-soil contamination due to oil spills in zones surrounding oil pipeline-pump stations and oil pipeline right-of-ways in Southwest-Mexico

Oil spills due to oil pipelines is a very frequent problem in Mexico. Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), very concerned with the environmental agenda, has been developing inspection and correction plans for zones around oil pipelines pumping stations and pipeline right-of-way. These stations are located at regular intervals of kilometres along the pipelines. In this study, two sections of an oil pipeline and two pipeline pumping stations zones are characterized in terms of the presence of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The study comprehends sampling of the areas, delimitation of contamination in the vertical and horizontal extension, analysis of the sampled soils regarding TPHs content and, in some cases, the 16 PAHs considered as priority by USEPA, calculation of areas and volumes contaminated (according to Mexican legislation, specifically NOM-EM-138-ECOL-2002) and, finally, a proposal for the best remediation techniques suitable for the contamination levels and the localization of contaminants.     

Assessment of hydrocarbons concentration in marine fauna due to Tasman Spirit oil spill along the Clifton beach at Karachi coast

On 27 July 2003, Tasman Spirit spilled 31,000 tonnes of crude oil into the sea at the Karachi coast. This disaster badly affected the marine life (Flora and Fauna.) Present research has been proposed to ascertain the level of Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in different fisheries including Fishes, Crustaceans; Crabs and Shrimps, Mollusks and Echinoderms along with passing time. Heavier components of crude oil such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) appear to cause most damages as these are relatively unreactive and persist in water. High concentrations of toxic PAHs were observed in all the fisheries and shellfishes caught form oil-impacted area. In this study fishes were found most contaminated than shellfishes i.e. summation operator 16 PAH = 1821.24 microg/g and summation operator 1164.34 microg/g, respectively. Naphthalene was found in the range of 0.042-602.23 microg/g. Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene were detected in the range 0.008-80.03 microg/g, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene 0.0008-221.32 microg/g, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a) pyrene 0.0005-7.71 microg/g, benzo(g,h,i)perylene and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 0.02-503.7 microg/g. Dibenzo(a,h)anthracenre was not detected in any specie.     

河南省主要城市饮用水源水中多环芳烃污染状况的研究

对河南省主要城市饮用水源水中多环芳烃的污染状况进行了初步研究 ,结果表明 ,河南省主要城市饮用水源水普遍受到多环芳烃的污染 ,主要污染因子为萘、蒽、菲、芘、荧蒽、芴以及强致癌性物质苯并 (a)芘 ,而且苯并 (a)芘有超标情况出现     

河南省典型农业区域土壤中多环芳烃污染状况研究

对河南省典型农业区域土壤中多环芳烃的污染状况进行了初步研究.结果表明,六种典型区域农业土壤普遣受到多环芳烃的污染,其中污水灌溉区污染最严重.     

Air quality assessment of benzo(a)pyrene from asphalt plant operation

A study has been carried out to assess the contribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from asphalt plant operation, utilising Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as a marker for PAHs, to the background air concentration around asphalt plants in the UK. The purpose behind this assessment was to determine whether the use of published BaP emission factors based on the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodology is appropriate in the context of the UK, especially as the EPA methodology does not give BaP emission factors for all activities. The study also aimed to improve the overall understanding of BaP emissions from asphalt plants in the UK, and determine whether site location and operation is likely to influence the contribution of PAHs to ambient air quality. In order to establish whether the use of US EPA emissions factors is appropriate, the study has compared the BaP emissions measured and calculated emissions rates from two UK sites with those estimated using US EPA emission factors. A dispersion modelling exercise was carried out to show the BaP contribution to ambient air around each site. This study showed that, as the US EPA methodology does not provide factors for all emission sources on asphalt plants, their use may give rise to over- or under-estimations, particularly where sources of BaP are temperature dependent. However, the contribution of both the estimated and measured BaP concentrations to environmental concentration were low, averaging about 0.05 ng m(-3) at the boundary of the sites, which is well below the UK BaP assessment threshold of 0.25 ng m(-3). Therefore, BaP concentrations, and hence PAH concentrations, from similar asphalt plant operations are unlikely to contribute negatively to ambient air quality.