共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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以柴油泄漏污染案件为例,探讨了福建省《地表水环境损害鉴定评估技术方法》(DB 35/T 1726-2017)(以下简称《技术方法》)和《生态环境损害鉴定评估技术指南基础方法第2部分:水污染虚拟治理成本法》(GB/T 39793.2-2020)(以下简称《技术指南》)推荐的虚拟治理成本法在地表水环境损害价值量化评估中的应用。充分比较了2个标准的推荐方法对同一污染场景的单位治理成本确定、污染物违法外排量核定和系数选取的分析过程,并提出了增补确定单位治理成本的方法,扩大使用范围等改进建议,以期推动虚拟治理成本法在地表水生态环境损害价值量化中的高效应用。 相似文献
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沈德富 《环境监测管理与技术》1995,7(3):14-16
介绍了美国环保局的排放物的环境目标值(DMEG)及点源分析模式(SAM/IA)并以此评价,比较了电镀废水中五项污染物的处理效果,分析了污染治理设施的环境效益,从毒理学角度评述了有毒物质对人体健康,生态环境的危害级数和单位排放率,并排出有毒物质对人体健康,生态环境危害级数的秩序,评价结构为环境管理和选择最佳治疗治理方案提供了依据。 相似文献
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采用便携式质谱仪,通过对某化工园区某企业有机污染物调查,分析确定了该企业的特征污染物。为企业排污治理、安装有机物在线监测设备和加强环境监督管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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研究了乌鲁木剂铁路局系统污水治理污染控制方法及途径,提出了主要污染物为石油类,其最佳治理对策是:确定重点污染单位、污染源、用最低的治理投入,选择斜板隔油气浮工艺治理重点污染和次重点污染部门,得到较好的治理效果,否定盲目追求“零排放”的高投入方案。 相似文献
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以排放环境目标值(DMEG)为基础。采用美国环保局研究较成熟的点源分析模式(SAM/IA)评价。比较了电镀废水中5项污染物处理前与处理后的效果。从毒理学角度评述了有毒物质对人体。生态环境的危害级数和单位排放率。并排出了有毒物质对人体健康,生态环境危害级数的顺序。 相似文献
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自动监测技术在污染物总量控制监测上的应用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为配合<"九五"期间全国主要污染物排放总量控制计划>的实施,中国环境监测总站与燕化公司环境保护监测站合作,在燕化公司某化工厂排放口设立了水污染物总量控制自动监测技术示范工程.该示范工程采用在线流量计、pH计、COD仪、油监测仪、采样器等监测设备和技术,对水污染物在线自动监测技术进行了多方面的试验,为实施水污染物总量控制的在线自动监测提供了经验. 相似文献
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以《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》(HJ/T 169—2004)、《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》(GB 18218—2009)为依据,确定环境风险分析的研究线路,对评价单元进行风险识别,确定事故源项与风险因素。运用火灾、爆炸、毒性指标评价法(蒙德法)对环境风险进行评价,根据相关设计资料,选取各个参数,最后定量分析出单元的环境风险状况,提出针对性的管理措施,把风险降到最低。 相似文献
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使用亚甲蓝分光光度法和流动注射法分析环境水体中的阴离子表面活性剂的过程中用到的三氯甲烷会带来次生环境污染问题,同时也会在一定程度上影响检测人员的健康。结合现有仪器设备,通过优化检测流程,建立了一种适用于高海拔条件下测定环境水体中直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)类阴离子表面活性剂的方法。该方法以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为定量标准物质,采用高效液相色谱法测定,使用归一化法定量。经验证,在0.02~2.00 mg/L浓度范围内,所建立校准曲线的线性回归系数在0.999以上。该方法具有良好的检出能力(检出限为0.01 mg/L)和抗干扰能力,重复性范围为1.3%~6.2%,准确度范围为2.1%~4.0%,回收率范围为80.0%~116%,相关验证参数均能满足实际样品的分析要求。检测过程避免了二次污染物的产生,减少了对实验人员健康的影响。该方法具有操作简便、高效且对环境友好的特点。 相似文献
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某铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
为能够定量评价铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属污染程度及其潜在生态危害性,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对土壤中重金属进行综合污染评价。结果表明,铀尾矿库周围部分农田土壤中重金属Cd、Ni、As、Cu、Hg、Zn含量存在积累和超标情况,尤以Cd的污染最严重,Ni、As次之;Pb、Cr含量能够满足标准限值要求。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,铀尾矿库周围农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险较高,主要潜在生态风险因子为Cd,其次是Hg、As,Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn并不构成潜在生态风险。铀尾矿库周围农田土壤中较高水平的Cd在构成环境污染的同时,也构成了较严重的生态危害,应加强对重金属Cd、Hg的生态风险防治。 相似文献
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Xu ZL Zeng DP Yang JY Shen YD Beier RC Lei HT Wang H Sun YM 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(11):3040-3048
The development of easy-to-use and rapid-monitoring immunoassay methods for organic environmental pollutants in a class-selective manner is a topic of considerable environmental interest. In this work, a heterologous competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (MAb) with broad-specificity for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was applied to the detection of O,O-diethyl and O,O-dimethyl OPs in water samples. The ciELISA conditions were carefully optimized to obtain a three to five-fold improvement of sensitivity for most OPs, and thirteen OPs were determined at concentrations ranging from 0.017 to 30 ng mL(-1). The determination of spiked environmental water samples showed average recoveries from 81.5% to 115.1%, with the coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 6.1% to 20.9%, which showed satisfactory reproducibility of the developed ciELISA. To overcome the negative aspect of broad-specificity immunoassays not providing qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual OPs in blind samples, we used "percent inhibition rate" to make the developed ciELISA a semi-quantitative method, which allows the monitoring of positive samples from hundreds of negative samples. The determination of OPs in blind water samples by the developed ELISA with confirmation by HPLC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the assay is ideally suited as a screening method for OP residues prior to chromatographic analysis. 相似文献
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The negative impacts of expressway construction projects (ECPs) on ecosystems have raised serious concerns globally. While ECP contractors are selective in implementing sustainable construction, they have rarely been informed of making reasonable efforts to address the concerns. This study aims to map out a quantitative analysis approach to aid contractors in determining ecological protection efforts. Four latent variables are included: project features, project perceptions, ecological impact evaluation, and ecological protection decision-making. It is revealed that project perceptions serve as a foundation for effort determination. The determination is built on the relationship between ecological impacts and the intensity of construction activities. Furthermore, the main effort decision is resource consumption. This study addresses decision-making issues pertained to the uptake of sustainability principles in the ECP sector and contributes a three-step framework for anticipating ecological protection efforts in the area of environmental studies. 相似文献
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It is known that fugitive dust can cause human health and environmental problems, alone or in combination with other air pollutants.
These problems are referred to as ‘external costs’ that have been traditionally ignored. However, there is a growing interest towards quantifying externalities to assist policy
and decision-making. With this in mind, the present study aimed at discussing the environmental regulations that deal with
fugitive dust, the impact of fugitive dust on human health and global climate system, and the available methods for calculating
fugitive dust externalities. The damage cost associated with human health and global environmental problems was predicted
based on the environmental strategy priority model. The damage cost estimated by the model ranged from 40 to 374 EUR/kg of
emitted fugitive dust with a mean value of 120 EUR/kg of emitted fugitive dust. It was also found that PM2.5 and PM10 have contributed to about 60% and 36% of the estimated damage cost, respectively. The remaining 4% was attributed to both
nitrate and sulfate aerosols. 相似文献
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量子点在环境污染物检测中的应用进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为一类理想的荧光探针,量子点近年来在环境污染物定性定量分析方面的应用取得了很大进展,为环境监测提供了一种新的方法和技术,显示出极大的优越性。综述了量子点分子印迹、量子点自组装膜、双色量子点比率荧光传感等新技术在国内外环境污染物检测方面的研究进展,并对其发展前景作了展望。 相似文献
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我国环境监测技术存在的问题及对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
胡冠九 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(4):1-3
从监测结果的科学性、监测方法的系统性及应急技术的实用性角度,提出了目前我国环境监测技术存在的问题,指出应通过科学监测,反映真实的环境质量,研究有毒有害污染物的监测方法并使其标准化,加强突发污染事故的快速监测技术研究. 相似文献