共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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阅读了《中国环境监测》第1卷第1期上邰显国同志的《大气采样中的体积校正问题》一文,深表赞同。他实际上是指出了大气采样中的采样态与环境态的区别与联系。这是很有意义和价值的。 但是,我觉得另外一个同样很有意义和价值的问题是:大气采样中的采样态与校正态也是有区别与联系的。我以为,不补充这一条,那么整个大气采样中的体积校正问题还没有全部得到解决,也就是说是不全面的。 相似文献
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对原CODMn法测地表水二次取样体积进行了推导,建立了实际适用取样体积公式,具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
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静压平衡烟尘浓度测定仪累计流量表校正的必要性王涛,雷玉国,王新平(乌鲁木齐市环境科研监测中心站830000)我市目前烟尘测试多选用上海红宇厂生产的JYP-Ⅱ型烟尘浓度测定仪,在计算烟气含尘浓度时有些测试人员多采用仪器出厂时附带的累计流量表校正系统k值... 相似文献
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我先后阅读了《中国环境监测》无论第1卷第1期上邰显国同志还是程光源同志关于大气采样中的体积校正问题的文章,都指出《分析方法》的换算公式给采样体积带来极大的偏差,并且推荐了自己的换算公式。 本文认为:《分析方法》中给出的大气采样时将采样体积换算成参比状态(25℃,760毫米汞柱)下的体积换算公式不可能产生27.1%—92.3%的相对误差,即便是换算到标准状态(0℃,760毫米汞柱)时也不可能出现如此大的偏差。其理由如下: 相似文献
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郭忠义 《甘肃环境研究与监测》2001,14(4):228-229
在采集烟尘样品时,流量读数对烟尘体积质量数据的影响是双重的,并且都比较大。因此,为了确保烟尘体积质量数据的准确性,流量读数的计算就显得尤为重要。特别是在高原地区,必须应用对流量计进行校准后重新推导的等速采样流量和采样体积的计算公式。 相似文献
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陆卫国 《环境监测管理与技术》1995,(5)
试述烟尘测试的等速问题陆卫国(上海市崇明县环境监测站202150)在烟尘测试中,对于没有压力平衡型烟尘采样装置,而采用预测流速和毕托管平行采样时,必须计算等速采样流量。关于等速流量的计算有图表法、公式法等,它们都涉及着转子流量计前压力值的确定,由于影... 相似文献
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Goyal SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(3):305-314
Sodium arsenite (modified Jacobs and Hochheiser method; hereafter referred as SA), the most widely used manual monitoring method for determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in ambient air, particularly in developing countries has been evaluated and compared with US EPA recommended equivalent method of TGS-ANSA (hereafter referred as ANSA). NO2 concentrations generated from laboratory test atmosphere were analyzed by these two methods and were compared statistically. Laboratory evaluations showed that SA method has high sensitivity to different sampling conditions, which normally vary during actual field monitoring. Hence, correction factors for absorption efficiency were estimated for SA and ANSA methods. Absorption efficiency of NO2 in SA method was found to be much lower (64%) as against the reported value of 82% at the method recommended sampling conditions, whereas for ANSA method, it was found 1.0 as against the reported value of 0.93. After applying derived correction factors, both the methods produced almost similar concentration values of NO2. 相似文献
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Monireh Sadat Mousavi Khosro Ashrafi Majid Shafie Pour Motlagh Mohhamad Hosein Niksokhan Hamid Reza Vosoughifar 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(5):431-444
Numerical and experimental analyses were applied to carbon monoxide (CO) concentration dispersion to monitor air quality in an enclosed residential complex parking area in Tehran. Firstly, the parking area was preliminary assessed through verifying the characteristics of the problem including the geometry and boundary conditions. Then, proportion of vehicular exhaust emissions was estimated and eventually experimental and numerical analyses were performed. In order to perform numerical calculation, a three-dimensional model was created to numerically simulate the enclosed residential complex parking area by FLUENT software that solves flow governing equations with finite volume method. In FLUENT, species model was selected to assess the dispersion of CO in flow domain. In experimental analysis, CO concentration was measured using sampling bags with a volume of 10 l in 4 min at 6 different points. The sample air was drawn into sampling bags by electric pumps. The findings show that the maximum amount of CO concentration is above the permissible standard recommended by the World Health Organization. Pollutant accumulation was significant in confined areas. In the place where openings exist, the level of accumulation was lower than other areas. The findings obtained from numerical simulation are in complete accord with experimental results. 相似文献
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固定污染源氨气的手工监测,干扰因素较多,其中采样环节尤为关键。实验通过催化氧化-化学发光法考察不同采样管线材质对氨气的吸附效果,离子色谱法考察化学吸收法采集氨气的吸收瓶类型、采样流量、吸收液种类、吸收液浓度及体积等采样条件对氨气吸收效率的影响。实验表明,316 L不锈钢与聚四氟乙烯对氨气的吸附较小,氨气的采样流量不宜超过1.0 L/min,棕色气泡式吸收瓶更适用于氨气样品的采集,磷酸溶液作吸收液对氨气的吸收效率较好,对于低浓度的氨气样品,应采用低流量长时间采集。 相似文献
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Consistent estimators of change and state becomes an issue when sample data come from a mix of permanent and temporary observation units. A joint maximum likelihood estimator of state and change creates estimates of state that depend on antecedent viz. posterior survey results and may differ from estimates of state derived from a single-date analysis of the sample data. A constrained estimator of change in relative categorical frequencies that eliminates this potential inconsistency is proposed and a model based estimator of their sampling variance is developed. The performance of the constrained estimator is quantified against six criteria and a joint maximum likelihood estimator in simulated sampling from 15 populations with three combinations of permanent and temporary samples, four to six categorical class attributes, and constant size between sampling dates. Bias of the constrained estimators was negligible but larger than for joint maximum likelihood estimators. Mean absolute deviations and variances of constrained estimators were generally at par with the joint estimators. Constrained estimators of root mean square errors and achieved coverage of nominal confidence intervals of constrained estimators were occasionally better. A generalized variance function for the constrained estimates of change is provided as a computational shortcut. 相似文献
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根据烟气二噁英采样须收集冷凝水的特点,利用理想气体状态方程计算烟气含湿量,得到简化公式,将该简化公式法与阻容法、FTIR法用于测定4类不同行业企业烟气的含湿量,并对测定结果做比对。结果表明,4类不同〖JP〗行业企业简化公式法的测量结果RSD为1.0%~4.2%,相对偏差为-4.21%~-0.25%;在湿度较高的测量条件下,简化公式法的测量结果RSD与相对偏差均<5%。该方法可作为固定污染源烟气手工监测中含湿量测量的一种辅助方法和质控措施。 相似文献
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Tohno S Ma CJ Hayakawa S Yamasaki S Kasahara M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):575-584
The X-ray microprobe system was applied to ultra trace characterization of single Kosa aerosols and non-Kosa aerosols simultaneously collected at Yasaka, Japan and TaeAnn, Korea. We demonstrated remarkable mass increase of heavy metals as well as soil components in individual particles during the Kosa event compared with the non-Kosa period at Yasaka. Backward trajectory analysis suggested that the Kosa samples were in the mixing state of mineral components and anthropogenic heavy elements. Double thin film method was applied to investigate the seasonal change of the mixing states of single sea-salt aerosols associated with chlorine loss due to the heterogeneous reactions between sea-salt particles and acidic gases. It was revealed that the percentages of both chloride-nitrate mixed particles and sulfate-nitrate ones were larger in wintertime than those in summertime and fraction of chloride-nitrate mixed particles increased with an increase of particle size. Comparison between the size-segregated bulk analysis and the single particle analysis demonstrated that remarkable chloride depletion occurred in coarse particles sampled on May in the former analysis, while chloride depletion in coarse particles was not marked in the latter analysis. The discrepancy attributes to the difference of the sampling time between both analyses because significant change of air mass route occurred during the bulk sampling after completion of the single particle sampling. 相似文献
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针对固定污染源烟气在烟道中流速分布对净化方法的效率和排放总量计算的影响,采用自主研制的组合式流场的流速采样枪和国标方法对某电厂矩形烟道进行了烟气在烟道中流速分布的研究。实验结果表明,组合式流场的流速采样枪在烟道同一断面上各测点进行同时、同步、多点测量,其测量数据既能反映同一断面各测点上的流速特征,又能反映断面上各点的均值。组合采样枪各测点的伸入深度与流速之间呈对数关系,相关系数为0.960 6,数据具有真实性和准确性。烟气流速在烟道分布相当不均匀,呈现高流速、中流速、低流速3个区域。烟气流速由烟道内侧向外侧逐步增大,由内侧3 m/s,增加到外侧16 m/s。烟道顶部流速要高于烟道底部流速。 相似文献
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分析了背景噪声测量不确定性以及背景修正对噪声监测结果的影响,提出,在实际噪声测量工作中,当测量值与背景值的差值≥3 dB且测量值修正结果与排放限值非常接近时,以及当测量值与背景值的差值3 dB且测量值与排放限值的差值≤4 dB时,对背景噪声进行重复测量,计算背景噪声测量不确定性,利用公式法进行定量背景修正的建议,并在噪声测量和数据处理过程中降低背景噪声测量不确定性,从而减少背景修正对噪声测量结果的影响,更加客观地反映噪声的真实情况。 相似文献