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水质化学需氧量(COD)在线自动分析仪的发展现状 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对水质化学需氧量 ( COD)在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型、主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述 相似文献
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水质化学需氧量(COD)在线自动分析仪发展现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对水质化学需氧量(COD)在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型、主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述。 相似文献
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水质TOC在线自动分析仪的现状 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
李国刚 《环境监测管理与技术》2000,12(6):18-19
对水中总有机碳(TOC)在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型,主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等的发展状况进行了评述。 相似文献
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江苏地表水体大型底栖无脊椎动物生物多样性状况研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与水体水质和水生态系统健康状况关系密切,其受外界干扰后群落结构的变化趋势可以反映水体受污染的性质和程度。2008年,对江苏省主要饮用水源地,长江、京杭大运河等主要河流及太湖等重点湖泊开展底栖动物调查与评价研究,共设置调查点位154个。江苏主要饮用水源地底栖动物的物种数量为78种,主要河流发现底栖动物96种,主要湖泊底栖动物发现65种。从物种多样性指数评价结果看,主要湖泊的底栖生物多样性状况优于地表水源地和主要河流,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计达58%;主要河流的评价结果最差,丰富和较丰富所占比例合计仅达30.7%,存在11.3%物种多样性极贫乏的点位,且大部分水体底栖动物组成以耐污种为主,优势种为极耐污的霍甫水丝蚓,水质状况劣于饮用水源地和主要湖泊。 相似文献
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汽车排气污染问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要研究了汽车排气对城市造成的污染危害,在对本市汽车保有量发展趋势现状调查的基础上,探讨了汽车排气污染问题的主要污染源和主要污染成分,以及汽车污染控制各个阶段的控制技术 相似文献
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张文辉 《甘肃环境研究与监测》2000,13(2):105-108
对某钢铁公司主要污染物(烟尘、粉尘和SO2等)的排放情况进行了调查,分析有风和静风条件下安远沟村的环境空气质量,计算了该公司主要点源排放口的烟尘最大落地体积质量及静风和有风条件下主要污染物对安远沟村的影响,讨论了主要污染物对农作物及人体的危害。 相似文献
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承德市室内环境质量污染现状调查与研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对承德市160家宾馆、饭店、歌舞厅等公共场所,80个民用建筑工程项目,80余家个人家庭装修进行室内环境检测,发现不同场所室内主要超标污染物不同。新建公共场所和个人家装室内空气主要污染物为总挥发性有机物、甲醛、苯、氨,已建成的重点公共场所空气超标污染物主要为二氧化碳、菌落总数,民用建筑工程超标污染物主要为氨。 相似文献
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The assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made for surficial sediments sampled from 20 sites along Mediterranean
coast of Egypt. The samples were dried, acid digested and analyzed for leachable and total heavy metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air–acetylene) with deuterium background correction.
Evaluation of the heavy metals pollution status was carried out using enrichment factors (EFs), the effect range-low (ERL)
and the effect range-median (ERM). The study showed high concentrations of Cd, Co, Pb, Ni and moderate concentrations of Cr,
Cu and Mn were contaminated in the sediments of studied sites. The results of Spearman correlation, factor and cluster analysis
of the heavy metals analyzed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is the offshore oil
field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and
lack of supervision and prosecution of offenders. 相似文献
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A geophysical seismic survey was conducted in the summer of 2001 off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia. The
area of seismic exploration was immediately adjacent to the Piltun feeding grounds of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). This study investigates relative abundance, behavior, and movement patterns of gray whales in relation to occurrence and
proximity to the seismic survey by employing scan sampling, focal follow, and theodolite tracking methodologies. These data
were analyzed in relation to temporal, environmental, and seismic related variables to evaluate potential disturbance reactions
of gray whales to the seismic survey. The relative numbers of whales and pods recorded from five shore-based stations were
not significantly different during periods when seismic surveys were occurring compared to periods when no seismic surveys
were occurring and to the post-seismic period. Univariate analyses indicated no significant statistical correlation between
seismic survey variables and any of the eleven movement and behavior variables. Multiple regression analyses indicated that,
after accounting for temporal and environmental variables, 6 of 11 movement and behavior variables (linearity, acceleration,
mean direction, blows per surfacing, and surface-dive blow rate) were not significantly associated with seismic survey variables,
and 5 of 11 variables (leg speed, reorientation rate, distance-from-shore, blow interval, and dive time) were significantly
associated with seismic survey variables. In summary, after accounting for environmental variables, no correlation was found
between seismic survey variables and the linearity of whale movements, changes in whale swimming speed between theodolite
fixes, mean direction of whale movement, mean number of whale exhalations per minute at the surface, mean time at the surface,
and mean number of exhalations per minute during a whales surface-to-dive cycle. In contrast, at higher received sound energy
exposure levels, whales traveled faster, changed directions of movement less, were recorded further from shore, and stayed
under water longer between respirations. 相似文献
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北京市主要水污染物排放特征及水质改善对策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
污染排放信息是环境决策的重要依据。分析了北京市水环境质量的现状,基于最新源排放清单,解析北京市当前主控污染物COD、氨氮排放的结构特征和空间特征,以期为北京市开展基于流域综合治理的水污染控制和水环境管理提供依据。按照工业源、农业源、生活源和集中处理设施的环境统计口径,2013年,COD、氨氮的排放构成分别为2.7%、37.1%、35.0%、25.3%和1.5%、20.1%、54.8%、23.6%。其中,农业源中畜禽养殖排放是主要来源,COD、氨氮总排放分别占农业源总排放量的94.7%和87.0%。在北京市五大水系中,北运河流域排放量最大,COD、氨氮排放量分别占全市总排放量的53.3%和57.4%。为改善北京市水环境质量,建议从加快污水处理厂提标改造、推动面源污染治理、加强水利联通、合理规划城市规模布局等4个方面入手。 相似文献
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采用文献计量方法,利用CiteSpace软件对Web of Science核心合集中2004—2020年以"Greenhouse Gases Monitoring"为主题词检索到的2 514篇文献进行可视化分析,从时间分布、国际合作、研究机构合作、研究领域、共被引分析和关键词分析等方面,揭示该领域的发展动态、研究实力分布、热点前沿等。结果表明:2004—2020年温室气体监测研究领域的发文数量总体呈现上升趋势,在全球应对气候变化的重大事件时间节点发文数量增幅较大;该领域发文量较多的国家和机构皆以发达国家为主,发展中国家中中国居首位,国家、机构合作关系紧密;温室气体监测研究涉及的学科领域较广,环境科学与生态学、环境科学、工程为排名前3位的学科领域,2010年后研究逐步拓展到建筑学、影像学、计算机科学、经济学等领域;该领域的研究知识基础主要聚焦温室气体浓度监测、来源去向、影响因素及变化趋势分析,温室气体监测技术方法研究及应用,以及森林、农业土壤碳汇研究等方面;通过不同时段关键词分析发现CO2、CH4和N2O一直是温室气体监测研究的重点对象,关注视角逐渐转向多因素、多领域、多技术、多方法、多策略研究。基于分析结果和中国实际,提出今后一段时期中国温室气体监测领域的研究重点和工作方向。 相似文献
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Jamrah A Al-Futaisi A Prathapar S Harrasi AA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):315-327
This study aims to evaluate the potential of greywater availability in Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, to establish
a methodology for greywater quantity estimation, to test greywater quality in order to assess reuse potential, and to examine
public acceptance for reuse.Total fresh water consumption and greywater generation from different household sources were measured
by water meters in five selected households during summer and winter. Additionally, a survey was designed and conducted in
five administrative areas of Muscat Governorate, with the objective of testing a methodology for estimating greywater generation
potential in these areas. Collected data were compared with that used by the Ministry of Housing, Electricity and Water, Sultanate
of Oman. The survey covered a total of 169 houses and 1,365 people. Greywater samples were collected and analyzed from showers,
laundries, kitchens and sinks in some of these households to determine their water quality parameters. Statistical analysis
results indicated that there is no significant variance in the total fresh water consumption between data used by the ministry
and those measured and estimated during this study, highlighting the applicability of the tested method. The study concluded
that the average per capita greywater generation rate is 151 Lpcd. Greywater production ranged from 80 to 83% of the total
fresh water consumption and most of the greywater is generated from showers. Further, 55 to 57% of the greywater generated
in a typical Omani household originated from the shower, 28 to 33% originated from the kitchen, 6 to 9% originated from laundry,
and 5 to 7% originated from sink, which constitutes approximately 81% of the total fresh water consumption. The physical,
chemical, and biological analyses of the grab samples revealed that greywater contains significant levels of suspended solids,
inorganic constituents, total organic carbon, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands, total Coliforms and Escherichia Coliform
bacteria. The public acceptance survey illustrated that approximately 76% of the respondents accepted the reuse of greywater
for gardening, 53% for car washing and 66% for toilet flushing. 相似文献
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昌吉州和鄂尔多斯市的国土面积、人口总数及自然资源类型比较类似,在经济发展的基础条件上都具备煤炭开采及延伸产业开发的良好条件。通过对比2个地区在等量GDP条件下,不同污染物排放水平及排放总量指标的差异,分析两地污染物总量指标时间和空间分配的差距,可以为今后昌吉州在煤电、煤化工产业建设项目的环境保护管理方面提供技术参考和经验借鉴,为昌吉州争取更大的污染物排放总量指标和昌吉州今后经济跨越式发展做好有力的技术保障,为昌吉州煤电、煤化工及相关产业的合理发展提供更大的空间。 相似文献
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Economic development and environmental protection: an ecological economics perspective 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Rees WE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,86(1-2):29-45
This paper argues on both theoretical and empirical grounds that, beyond a certain point, there is an unavoidable conflictbetween economic development (generally taken to mean 'materialeconomic growth') and environmental protection. Think for a moment of natural forests, grasslands, marine estuaries, salt marshes, and coral reefs; and of arable soils, aquifers, mineraldeposits, petroleum, and coal. These are all forms of 'natural capital' that represent highly-ordered self-producing ecosystemsor rich accumulations of energy/matter with high use potential (low entropy). Now contemplate despoiled landscapes, eroding farmlands, depleted fisheries, anthropogenic greenhouse gases,acid rain, poisonous mine tailings and toxic synthetic compounds.These all represent disordered systems or degraded forms of energy and matter with little use potential (high entropy). The main thing connecting these two states is human economic activity. Ecological economics interprets the environment-economyrelationship in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. The second law sees economic activity as a dissipative process. Fromthis perspective, the production of economic goods andservices invariably requires the consumption of available energy and matter. To grow and develop, the economynecessarily 'feeds' on sources of high-quality energy/matter first produced by nature. This tends to disorder and homogenizethe ecosphere, The ascendance of humankind has consistently been accompanied by an accelerating rate of ecological degradation, particularly biodiversity loss, the simplificationof natural systems and pollution. In short, contemporary political rhetoric to the contrary, the prevailing growth-oriented global development paradigm is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological and social sustainability. Unsustainability is not a technical nor economic problem as usually conceived, but rather a state of systemic incompatibilitybetween a economy that is a fully-contained, growing, dependent sub-system of a non-growing ecosphere. Potential solutions fly inthe face of contemporary development trends and cultural values. 相似文献
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An important research area in life sciences is devoted to modeling, prediction, and dynamics of gene-expression patterns.
As clearly understood in these days, this enterprise cannot become satisfactory without acknowledging the role of the environment.
To a representation of past, present, and most likely future states, we also encounter measurement errors and uncertainties.
This paper surveys and improves recent advances in understanding the foundations and interdisciplinary implications of the
newly introduced gene–environment networks, and it integrates the important theme of carbon dioxide emission reduction into
the networks and dynamics. We also introduce some operational and managerial issues of practical working and decision making,
expressed in terms of sliding windows, quadrants (modules) of parametric effects, and navigating (controlling) between such effects and directing them. Given data from DNA microarray experiments and environmental records, we extract
nonlinear ordinary differential equations that contain parameters that have to be determined. For this, we employ modern (Chebychevian)
approximation and (generalized semi-infinite) optimization. After this is provided, time- discretized dynamical systems are
studied. A combinatorial algorithm with polyhedra sequences allows to detect the region of parametric stability. Finally,
we analyze the topological landscape of gene–environment networks with its structural (in)stability. By embedding as a module
and investigating CO2 emission control and figuring out game theoretical aspects, we conclude. This pioneering work is theoretically elaborated,
practically devoted to health care, medicine, education, living conditions, and environmental protection, and it invites the
readers to future research.
相似文献
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连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
连续流动分析技术具有分析速度快、准确度和精密度高、操作简单、通用性强、样品和试剂消耗量少等一系列优点。灵活运用连续流动分析技术可对大多数水性样品如水和废水、土壤(或固体废弃物)提取液、饮料等进行分析。本文中着重介绍了氨氮、硝酸盐氮/亚硝酸盐氮、挥发酚以及总氰化物等几个连续流动分析在水质监测中的应用实例。 相似文献
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江苏省太湖应急防控形势及对策体系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对2008年-2010年来太湖水质状况、蓝藻暴发状况及影响因素、湖泛发生状况及成因、蓝藻生长对湖体水质的影响、蓝藻与湖泛对饮用水安全影响进行了研究.简述了环保、建设、水利、气象、中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所等部门和单位,在监测预警、供水保障、调水引流、打捞蓝藻、生态清淤、控源截污、人工增雨、统筹协调等方面团结协作、多措并... 相似文献