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1.
太原市大气颗粒物中重金属的污染特征及来源解析   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
为了解太原市采暖期大气颗粒物不同粒径中重金属的污染特征及其来源,于2012年10月—2013年2月对环境空气中颗粒物采样,用原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、Mn、Zn等8种元素的含量。结果表明,太原市采暖期重金属浓度从高到低依次为FePbMnZnCrCuNiCd。重金属Pb、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cd主要富集在PM2.5中;Cr主要富集在PM10中;Cu主要富集在PM5中;Fe主要在粒径大于2.5μm的粗粒子中富集。除Zn外,其他7种元素浓度均表现为灰霾期采暖期采暖前。通过主因子分析表明,太原市大气颗粒物中重金属主要来源于冶金、有机合成工业、燃煤、汽车尾气、土壤尘等。  相似文献   

2.
分析2012年采暖季和非采暖季郑州市、洛阳市和平顶山市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))样品中22种无机元素含量和污染特征,采用富集因子法、因子分析法研究当地PM_(2.5)中无机元素来源。结果表明:3个城市PM_(2.5)中无机元素总量在采暖季均高于非采暖季,不同季节占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的比例为1.7%~3.6%。Al、Na、Ca等地壳元素在PM_(2.5)中占比与PM_(2.5)浓度呈负相关关系,而Zn、Pb、Cu等人为源元素的占比随PM_(2.5)浓度增加无明显下降趋势。3个城市PM_(2.5)中Se、Cd、Br的富集因子高于1 000,Pb、Zn、Cu的富集因子为100~1 000,Co、Sc、Cr、Ni、As、Mn、Ba的富集因子为10~100,说明这些元素主要来源于人为源。13种人为源元素质量浓度在22种元素中占比为18.9%~26.3%,K、Fe、Ca、Al等4种元素占比为67.9%~76.1%。因子分析结果表明:3个城市无机元素来源组成有很大相似性,主要来源于燃煤、机动车、扬尘和建筑尘等,但Ni、Co、Sr、Ba还有来自其他排放源的贡献。  相似文献   

3.
采用外加百叶箱的国产KB-250空气采样泵,用直径12.5cm国产过氯乙烯滤膜收集20小时大气总悬浮微粒样品,样品滤膜在450℃灰化后用氢氟酸和硝酸硝化、溶解,并用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Co、Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr、Pb13种元素。结果表明,该法采集的样品滤膜均匀,前处理方法简便,回收率、精密度均符合要求。  相似文献   

4.
京津冀典型城市采暖季颗粒物浓度与元素分布特征   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
选择京津冀地区3个典型城市和从南至北的4个国家大气背景站作为研究对象,收集采暖季空气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10样品,微波消解-ICP-MS法分析了样品中的68种元素。结果表明,北京、天津、石家庄PM2.5和PM10日均质量浓度均高于国家二级标准限值和背景点,一元线性回归分析结果表明,PM10与PM2.5质量浓度呈线性相关,Na、Mg、Al、S、K、Ca、Fe质量浓度为0.1~10μg/m3,Si、P、Ti、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ba、Pb质量浓度为10~100 ng/m3,其他元素质量浓度为0.01~10 ng/m3或未检出。在元素构成上,S、Na、Al、K、Fe、Mg、Ca、P、Si等是主要元素,元素含量均大于1%。其他微量元素每种元素含量为0.1%~1%。14种重点防控重金属在PM2.5中的吸附显著高于PM10,主要来源于燃煤、燃油、工业排放、机动车尾气等。  相似文献   

5.
北京灰霾天气PM10中微量元素的分布特征   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对北京市2008年4月和5月不同采样点采集的灰霾天PM10样品中的15种微量元素进行了分析,得出了Ti、Fe、Zn、Sn、Pb为全样样品中相对含量较高元素;Ti、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb是水溶样样品中相对含量较高元素。与晴天相比,灰霾天样品中微量元素可溶性增强,对人体危害更严重。与2002年分析数据进行对比,因2002年缺少Cr、Cd元素的测试值,全样样品中除了Co、Ni、Cu、Mo元素外,其余测试元素的浓度均有不同程度的升高,Fe和Sn元素的增幅最大。水溶样品中,参与对比元素的含量均下降。文中对含量相对较高的Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sn和Pb元素进行了源解析,分析得出采样点附近的交通源及地面扬尘是这些元素的主要来源。  相似文献   

6.
电镀废水的测定一般是采用传统的化学方法或原子吸收光谱。但是由于ICP—AES于冶金地质、稀土和环境科学等方面有很大的发展和突破,在此基础上,本文采用ICP—AES法分析测定电镀废水中多种痕量元素(Cu、Zn、Au、Ni、Al、Cr、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Cd、Hg、Co、Pb、Mn、Ag)。  相似文献   

7.
西宁市非采暖季和采暖季PM2.5中14种金属元素特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
于2012年11月采暖季和2013年9月非采暖季,在青藏高原典型城市西宁市4个采样点采集细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))样品,共获得40个有效样品。用微波消解-ICP-MS法、原子荧光法分析了样品中14种重点防控金属。结果表明:14种重点防控金属中Ag、Tl平均质量浓度为0.10~0.50 ng/m~3,Co、Sb、Hg平均质量浓度为0.50~4.00 ng/m~3,V、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、As平均质量浓度为4.00~50.0 ng/m~3,Mn、Pb、Zn平均质量浓度为50.0~2 000 ng/m~3。采样期间,采暖季相比非采暖季,PM_(2.5)质量浓度有下降趋势,不同采样区金属元素浓度有增有减。富集因子分析结果表明,重点防控金属元素在非采暖季主要来源于土壤风沙扬尘、机动车尾气和工业排放,采暖季主要来源于土壤风沙扬尘、燃煤、燃油、机动车尾气和工业排放。非采暖季Zn、Ag、Cd、Hg、Tl和Pb富集因子较高,采暖季Zn、As、Ag、Cd、Sb、Hg、Tl、Pb富集因子较高,更容易受到人为源的影响。  相似文献   

8.
利用环境空气多金属在线监测仪对23种金属元素连续观测1年,分析了重庆城区PM2.5中金属元素浓度变化规律和来源。23种金属年均浓度值为(2.22±0.42)μg/m3,PM2.5样品中金属元素占2%~4%,浓度较稳定且季度特征明显,同时PM2.5中金属主要为K、Fe、Ca、Zn、Mn、Pb。K、Ca、Mn等3种金属既来源于自然源也来源于人为源,Zn、Pb、Cu、As、Cd等5种金属主要来自人为源。利用因子分析得出重庆城区PM2.5中金属元素主要来自土壤风沙扬尘、机动车尾气排放、冶金工业燃烧排放、燃煤燃烧排放。  相似文献   

9.
2013—2014年采集贵阳市大气PM_(2.5)样品357个,利用ICP-OES和ICP-MS检测样品中无机元素的含量。结果表明:23种元素的年均值高低依次为Na Ca Al K Mg Fe Cu Zn Mn Pb Ba Cr Ni Sr As=Zr WRb Ga Bi=Ge Co U,其中Cr、As的年均值分别为(30±20) ng/m3和(8±5) ng/m3,超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012)的年均参考限值。运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)来源解析表明:该市大气PM_(2.5)的主要来源为燃煤排放源、生物质燃烧源、交通源、建筑水泥尘源、土壤风沙尘源和残油燃烧源,其贡献率分别为46. 6%、21. 7%、14. 8%、9. 0%、6. 2%和1. 7%,且有显著的季节变化特征。  相似文献   

10.
0.05M DTPA浸取液在pH7.30时可浸取土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe、Mn、Mo、Ni、Cr、Mg元素的有效态。用ICP—AES测试技术,对DTPA浸取液进行上述元素的测定,还考查了能同时被浸取的其它元素:K、Na、Sr、Co等 对DTPA浸取液的浓度,放置时间及土样量与浸取液量的比例等浸出条件进行了实验验证。  相似文献   

11.
This study reports the quantification of the toxicity of particulate matter (PM)-bound metals and their possible associated risks to human health. For assessment of PM, 24-h samples of PM10 and PM2.5 were collected by Mini Vol-TAS sampler at an urban site of Pune. Samples were sequentially extracted with ultrapure water and concentrated HNO3 and analyzed for “soluble” and “total” metals. Factor analysis identified the resuspension of road dust due to traffic, biomass burning, construction activities, and wind-blown dust as possible sources that played an important role for overall pollution throughout the year. Water-soluble proportion was found to be ≤20 % for Cr, Co, Fe, and Al; ≥50 % for Sr, Cd, Ca, and Zn; and a substantial proportion (~25–45 %) for Mn, Ba, K, Na, Ni, Mg, Cu, and Pb metals in PM10. For PM2.5, the water-soluble proportion was ≤20 % for Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, and Al, while Sr, K, and Cd were mostly soluble (>50 %) and Cu, Ba, Mn, Ca, Zn, Pb, Na, and Mg were substantially soluble (~25–45 %). In the present study, among the toxic metals, Cd and Pb show higher concentration in the soluble fraction and thus represent the higher bioavailability index and especially are harmful to the environment and exposed person. Risk calculations with a simple exposure assessment method showed that the cancer risks of the bioavailable fractions of Cr, Cd and Ni were greater than the standard goal.  相似文献   

12.
根据2015年广州城区磨碟沙、内陆郊区天湖和近海郊区万顷沙不同环境空气PM2.5中金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、As等23种)监测数据,分析其污染特征与富集程度,并评估潜在生态风险和健康风险,为大气污染风险防控提供支持。结果显示:广州大气PM2.5中金属K、Na、Fe、Ca、Al和Zn含量相对较高。总元素浓度总体呈冬季最高、夏季最低的特征,且随PM2.5污染加重而升高,但总元素在PM2.5中的占比下降。Cd、Se、Zn、Cu、Mo、Pb和Na富集严重(富集因子>100),体现了人类活动的重要影响,磨碟沙城区站富集因子通常高于另2个站点。广州大气总金属元素潜在生态危害程度为"很强",Cd贡献为主,Pb、Cu和As元素贡献分别在天湖、磨碟沙和万顷沙位列第二。As、Cr和Mn是大气金属元素健康风险的主要贡献者;磨碟沙的总致癌效应风险高于万顷沙和天湖,但万顷沙的总非致癌效应风险最高。  相似文献   

13.
Selected trace metals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrometry in the water and soil samples collected from the remote region of Himalaya. The soil samples were analysed for soluble and acid extractable fraction of trace metals. In water samples, Ca, Na, Mg and K emerged as dominant contributors, whereas, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Pb were estimated at comparatively higher levels in the water extract of the soil. In case of acid extract of the soil samples, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Mn and Na were found at elevated concentrations. Based on mean levels of the metals, following decreasing concentration order was observed in water samples: Ca > Na > Mg > K > Pb > Co > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Fe > Cd > Li, however, in the acid extract of the soil, following order was noted: Ca > K > Fe > Mg > Mn > Na > Pb > Zn > Cr > Li > Cu > Co > Cd. The correlation study revealed appreciably diverse mutual relationships of trace metals in the water and soil samples. The multivariate cluster analyses exhibited divergent apportionment of trace metals in water and soil samples. Among the trace metals, Cd, Pb, Li, Zn, Cr, Cu, Mn and Co exhibited extreme to significant anthropogenic enrichment in the soil samples, while the rest of the metals were mostly contributed by the natural processes.  相似文献   

14.
A survey of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in the east and south Marmara region, Turkey was carried out in September 2004. For this purpose, moss samples (Hypnum cupressiforme) were collected in a systematic network of 125 sites. Concentrations of the elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, Mg, Ti, and Zn) in the moss were used as an indication of the level of air pollution in the region. Significant differences in heavy metal concentrations, especially for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn, were recorded in the moss samples collected around industrialized and heavily populated cities (Istanbul, Bursa, Band?rma, Kocaeli, Biga-?an) and in an abandoned lead-mining area (Bal?kesir-Balya). A map of the spatial distribution of each element in the region was plotted, and enrichment factors were calculated. VARIMAX principal component analysis was applied to the data obtained, and five different components were obtained. The results showed that Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn derived from anthropogenic and industrial sources while other elements came mostly from natural sources.  相似文献   

15.
Forty-two soil and apple samples from central Greece were collected and analyzed with regards to the content in major (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, and S) and trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ti, and Zn). Soil samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, while for the apples inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was implemented. Several elements such as As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Ti, and Zn, represent high concentrations in apples from the study area. These relatively high concentrations may be a consequence of the local geology, along with the excessive application of agricultural products such as fertilizers and agrochemicals.  相似文献   

16.
The possibility of using Bidens pilosa L. var. radiate Sch leaves as environmental indicators of metallic element pollution has been investigated. Samples were analyzed with respect to the following pollutants: Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ca, and Mg by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results obtained on the metallic elements had the following average composition order: Ca > Mg > Fe, Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd for plant B. pilosa L. var. radiate Sch. at HK sampling site. In addition, the metallic elements had the following average composition order: Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn, Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd for plant B. pilosa L. var. radiate Sch. at TMP sampling site. Finally, the metallic elements had the following average composition order: Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd for plant B. pilosa L. var. radiate Sch. at LH sampling site. The seasonal average composition for metallic elements Mg, Fe, and Pb were ranked highest at HK sampling site in winter. In addition, seasonal average composition for metallic elements Mn, Zn, and Cd were ranked highest at TMP sampling site in winter. Finally, seasonal average composition for metallic elements Mg, Fe, and Cu were ranked highest at LH sampling site in spring.  相似文献   

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