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1.
根据重庆市城市组团式建设特点,采用径迹法对重庆市主城建成区开展室内氡浓度调查。结果表明,各区县室内氡浓度整体水平较低,重庆市主城区室内氡浓度平均值为64.5 Bq/m3,168个采样点均小于国家标准200 Bq/m3;吸入氡及子体对人员产生的年均有效剂量均低于《住房内氡浓度控制标准》和《地下建筑氡及其子体控制标准规定》中规定的室内氡浓度行动水平。  相似文献   

2.
用双滤膜法和Thomas三段法测定了哈密地区环境空气中氡及其子体浓度.结果表明,室内氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为28.OBq·m-3和7.5×10-8J·m-3,室外氡及其子体浓度平均值分别为10.7Bq·m-3和3.1×10-3J·m-3.氡及其子体所致居民人均有效剂量当量为1.03mSv·a-1,集体有效剂量当量为4.2×102man·Sv.  相似文献   

3.
采用静电收集氡子体法对南京市地铁车站环境中氡浓度进行了调查,初步掌握了南京市地铁站重点区域的氡浓度放射性水平,按照联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会推荐的评价方法估算氡浓度对地铁内工作人员人均年有效照射剂量。对地铁站新建和扩建项目的机械通风设计,为工作人员和公众的内照射剂量水平估算等提供依据。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道了新疆某铀矿生产场所及周围居民村环境γ外照射水平的结果.结果表明:铀矿区生产场所γ外照射剂量率高于对照区,铀矿生产场所周围居民村环境γ外照射剂量率与对照区居民村的γ外照射剂量率相近.经估算得出了采矿、水冶工种人员和附属设施工种人员受到γ外照射最大年有效剂量当量仅为我国放射防护基本标准规定限值的9.1%和1.8%.这一附加剂量,对放射职业工作者的健康不会造成损伤影响.  相似文献   

5.
用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区主要新型建材中^226Ra、^232Th、^40K含量分析测定。结果表明,放射性核素比活度限制值内照射指数和外照射指数平均范围值分别为0.02-0.26,0.03-0.66。花岗岩石材和涂釉制品最高,装饰材料最低。建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为0.06-0.96mSv.a^-1,明显低于哈密地区室内环境γ辐射及氡子体所致居民年有效剂量当量实际调查值1.43mSv  相似文献   

6.
用放射化学分析方法对哈密地区109份建材中天然放射性核素镭-226、钍-232、钾-40含量进行分析测定.结果表明,内、外照射指数分别为0.04-0.38和0.08-0.67,炉渣和花岗岩石最高,大理石和石灰、石膏最低.混合建材中镭-226、钍-232、钾-40含量(Bq/ kg)分别为 43.8, 40.0,594.0.建材所致居民内、外照射年有效剂量当量为 0.70mSv/ a,是我国《放射卫生防护基本标准》中规定公众个人年剂量当量限值5mSv的14.0%,不会对广大居民的健康造成有害的影响.  相似文献   

7.
本文分析了新疆城市放射性废物库2012—2016年的γ剂量率、中子剂量率、表面沾污、氡浓度、土壤中放射性核素比活度以及地表水核素含量变化情况。监测结果表明:新疆城市放射性废物库库区内新库、老暂存库以及库外周围γ辐射剂量率和中子剂量率均处于乌鲁木齐市正常本底水平,表面沾污和氡浓度均未见异常,库区周围环境地表水白鸟湖总α、总β放射性浓度均低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》,土壤中γ核素均在乌鲁木齐市环境土壤天然放射性水平范围中。通过废物库的监测,对掌握新疆城市放射性废物库周边放射性水平,开展环境辐射评价提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
广州市新建民用建筑工程土壤氡浓度调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对广州市天河区和白云区206个新建民用建筑工程场地土壤氡浓度进行了调查.结果表明,不同测点的土壤氡浓度为520 Bq/m3~147 500 Bq/m3,不同工程场地土壤平均氡浓度相差也很大;土壤氡浓度与场地岩性的分布比较吻合.在所测场地中,只有4个工程场地的土壤氡浓度超过周围非地质构造断裂区域3~5倍,需要采取相应的防氡措施,其他须进行一般的建筑工程场地地基施工即可.  相似文献   

9.
对GB 8978- 1996污水综合排放标准中磷酸盐指标的看法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
GB 38 38 - 2 0 0 2《地表水环境质量标准》6月 1日实施。在学习和执行GB 3838- 2 0 0 2《地表水环境质量标准》过程中 ,发现一些问题 ,提出供研究。1 项目间的相关性在GB 3838- 2 0 0 2《地表水环境质量标准》的基本项目标准限值中 ,氨氮与总氮项目 (湖、库 )的Ⅱ类至Ⅴ类的最高限值均相同 ,为 2 0mg/L ,而在集中式生活饮用水地表水源地补充项目中 ,硝酸盐氮项目的标准限值则达 1 0mg/L。总氮项目除包括氨氮和硝酸盐氮外 ,还包括亚硝酸盐氮和有机氮 ,因此制定标准限值时应考虑其相互间的关系。如果增加亚硝酸盐氮项目 ,则可…  相似文献   

10.
基于2017—2020年山东某沿海城市集中式饮用水水源水质监测数据,采用单因子评价法和美国环保局(USEPA)的健康风险模型对该市集中式饮用水水源水质进行综合评价。结果表明,2017—2020年该市集中式饮用水水源地Ⅲ类以上水质比例为98.7%;总健康风险年均值为4.11×10-6,超过英国皇家协会、瑞典环保局和荷兰环境部的可接受风险水平限值(1×10-6),低于USEPA(1×10-4)和国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)(5×10-5)的可接受风险水平限值,风险等级为Ⅰ级,处于低风险水平。该市水源地健康风险主要来自致癌物,致癌物健康风险为:砷>镉。2017—2020年该市集中式饮用水水源地水质健康风险分级稳定在Ⅰ级,并呈逐年降低趋势。通过对比分析,水质与健康风险评价结论不尽相同,健康风险评价可作为现阶段水质评价的有益补充,进一步说明水源地的水质状况和健康风险,为生态环境管理及居民生活提供有益参考。  相似文献   

11.
于2012年10月—2013年8月对中国北方地区2种典型水库:山区水库(卧虎山、锦绣川)和引黄水库(鹊山、玉清)进行了采样调查,对其水质特征和富营养化现状进行分析研究。结果表明:2类水库水质的最大差异在于山区水库的氮含量显著高于引黄水库,这主要与水源、氮素来源和水库的进水方式有关。山区水库中SD与藻类生物量、TP关系密切;而引黄水库中,影响SD的环境因素较复杂,除藻类生物量和氮、磷外,碱度和水温也与SD密切相关。全年水平上,卧虎山水库营养状态指数显著高于其他水库,属中-富营养水体,锦绣川水库、鹊山水库和玉清水库均属中营养水平。时间上,同类型水库的营养状态指数季节变化基本一致。参与营养状态计算的4个因子中,Chla和TN对营养状态指数的贡献最大,表明这两者是引起2类水库营养状态加重的重要原因。典型的水源及进水方式、流域人类活动类型和强度是影响山区水库和引黄水库营养状态的主要外部因素。  相似文献   

12.
建立了用活性炭作吸附剂、脱芳烃石油醚萃取、紫外分光光度法测定油烟挥发组分的方法。取家用抽油烟杯内的油烟气冷凝液加热到200C的样品萃取液作标准油品,在225nm处测紫外吸光值,绘制校准曲线,相关系数在0.986~0.999之间。实验样品分析结果表明,脱芳烃石油醚对样品中油烟挥发组分萃取率可达90%以上,样品测定重现率达76.7%。红外光谱分析标准油品挥发组分初步认定为烃类、卤代烃类、醇酚醚类、醛酮类、羧酸及其衍生物类、稠环杂环类和胺类等。  相似文献   

13.
Pumped-storage hydroelectric power plants are generally perceived as an environmentally respectful technology. Nevertheless, the pumping of water from a lower reservoir to an upper impoundment, and the return of that water during power generation, can strongly affect the water quality of the reservoirs. In particular, plant operation can alter their thermal structure, deep water mixing, and water circulation characteristics. The objective of this study is to quantify, through the use of 3D hydrodynamic modeling, the potential impacts of a pumped-storage hydroelectric plant on the thermal stability and mixing of two reservoirs in Galicia, northwest of Spain. To this end, three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations were conducted using the model Delft3D. Two different coupled models, one for each reservoir, were constructed and subsequently tested for several stratification scenarios, according to measured temperature profiles during the spring and summer season. Several reservoir minimum and maximum operation water levels were also considered. Model simulations demonstrated a high level of mixing in the vicinity of the intake-outlet structures, in particular during startup of the power plant, regardless of the water level in the reservoir. Beyond this area, the results showed a limited overall effect on stratification and mixing in the upper reservoir, owing to the relation between the inflow temperatures and the initial temperature profile of this reservoir. A more significant alteration of the thermal structure is expected in the lower reservoir due to its narrow shape and shallow depth at the structure location, as well as the temperature differences between receiving waters and inflow.  相似文献   

14.
Results of systematic measurements of radiocaesium activities in milk after the Chernobyl nuclear accident are summarized. 137Cs fallout activity affects milk activity, the coefficient of correlation being 0.89. The 137Cs activities in milk in Croatia are log-normally distributed, reflecting the exponential decrease of activity. After the Chernobyl nuclear accident the 134Cs:137 Cs activity ratio in milk was 0.5, and did not differ from that for other environmental samples. The dose due to radiocaesium ingestion by milk consumption was estimated for the Croatian population, the annual collective equivalent dose being approximately 205 manSv in 1986 and 1.5 manSv in 1994.  相似文献   

15.
以江苏省稀土行业废渣实际情况为背景,基于国内外对天然放射性物质(NORM)的管理限值水平,通过理论研究和模型构建,建立了废渣中放射性核素质量活度与现场γ剂量率之间的关系。通过现场实验和样品γ谱核素分析结果进行模型修正,在留有足够安全冗余的情况下确定现场γ剂量率筛选水平,并提出了一套操作性较强的NORM废物γ剂量率筛选现场检验程序。  相似文献   

16.
The tropical cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is of particular concern for its invasive characteristics and production of the toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN). The present study represents the first attempt to determine the distribution of C. raciborskii and CYN in tropical China. The presence of C. raciborskii and CYN, as well as the composition of phytoplankton, was determined from a total of 86 samples from 25 urban reservoirs for drinking water supply in Dongguan City of South China. The presence of C. raciborskii was observed in 21 of the 25 reservoirs and confirmed that this species has been widely distributed in the investigated reservoirs. C. raciborskii accounted for between 0.1 and 90.3 % of the total phytoplankton biomass and contributed to the majority of the phytoplankton in some reservoirs such as Tangkengbian and Xiagongyan. Its biomass was negatively correlated with NO3 ?-N concentration and Secchi depth. Dissolved CYN was detected in more than one-half of the reservoirs with concentrations up to 8.25 μg L?1, and it positively correlated with C. raciborskii biomass. Dissolved microcystins (MCs) were detected in 12 of the 25 reservoirs with a maximum concentration 1.99 μg L?1. Our data strongly suggest that C. raciborskii and CYN could be important health hazards in urban reservoirs of South China and that more data are needed for further assessment.  相似文献   

17.
There are millions of small isolatedwetlands in the semi-arid Canadian prairies. These`sloughs' are refuges for wildlife in an area that isotherwise intensively used for agriculture. They areparticularly important as waterfowl habitat, with morethan half of all North American ducks nesting inprairie sloughs. The water levels and ecology of thewetlands are sensitive to atmospheric change and tochanges of agricultural practices in the surroundingfields. Monitoring of the hydrological conditions ofthe wetlands across the region is vital for detectinglong-term trends and for studying the processes thatcontrol the water balance of the wetlands. Suchmonitoring therefore requires extensive regional-scaledata complemented by intensive measurements at a fewlocations. At present, wetlands are being enumeratedacross the region once each year and year-roundmonitoring is being carried out at a few locations. Theregional-scale data can be statistically related toregional climate data, but such analyses cast littlelight on the hydrological processes and have limitedpredictive value when climate and land use arechanging. The intensive monitoring network has providedimportant insights but it now needs to be expanded andrevised to meet new questions concerning the effects ofclimate change and land use.  相似文献   

18.
对宁波市11个湖库水质进行了调研,包括浮游藻类和理化指标。从浮游藻类的生物量、优势种以及藻类群落组成等指标评价了水质;还用修正的营养状态指数法评价了水质。结果表明,部分湖库已经出现富营养化。用浮游藻类评价与修正的营养状态指数法评价这些湖库,结果不完全一致,对此做了原因分析。同时提出防止湖库受污染的几点建议。  相似文献   

19.
The Reference Condition Approach (RCA) is now widely adopted as a basis for the evaluation of the ecological quality of water bodies. In accordance with the RCA, the integrity of communities found in a given location should be analyzed according to their deviation from the communities that would be expected in the absence of anthropogenic disturbances. The RCA was used here with the aim of defining the Maximum Ecological Potential (MEP) of tropical reservoirs located in the hydrographical basin of the Paraopeba River in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Among the reservoirs, Serra Azul is used as a water supply and is located in a core area of environmental protection where tourism is not allowed and the native vegetation is conserved. The benthic macroinvertebrate communities at 90 sites located in three reservoirs were analyzed and sampled every 3 months over 2 years. The temporal patterns of the communities in the three reservoirs were analyzed (2nd-STAGE MDS and ANOSIM) and were not significantly related to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. Twenty-eight sites belonging to the Serra Azul reservoir were selected to define the MEP of these reservoirs because these sites had the lowest human disturbance levels. The macroinvertebrate taxa present in the selected MEP sites are similar to those of natural lakes and different from the communities of disturbed sites. The biological classification of these sites revealed two groups with distinct macroinvertebrate communities. This distinction was related to climatic variables, bottom substrate type, the presence of gravel/boulders, coarse sand, silt, clay or muck, depth, and the shoreline substrate zone. These two subsets of biological communities and respective environmental conditions can serve as a basis for the future implementation of ecological quality monitoring programs for tropical reservoirs in the study area. This approach can also, however, be implemented in other geographic areas with artificial or heavily modified water bodies.  相似文献   

20.
Emission of methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, from tropical reservoirs is of interest because such reservoirs experience conducive conditions for CH4 production through anaerobic microbial activities. It has been suggested that Indian reservoirs have the potential to emit as much as 33.5 MT of CH4 per annum to the atmosphere. However, this estimate is based on assumptions rather than actual measurements. We present here the first data on dissolved CH4 concentrations from eight freshwater reservoirs in India, most of which experience seasonal anaerobic conditions and CH4 buildup in the hypolimnia. However, strong stratification prevents the CH4-rich subsurface layers to ventilate CH4 directly to the atmosphere, and surface water CH4 concentrations in these reservoirs are generally quite low (0.0028–0.305 μM). Moreover, only in two small reservoirs substantial CH4 accumulation occurred at depths shallower than the level where water is used for power generation and irrigation, and in the only case where measurements were made in the outflowing water, CH4 concentrations were quite low. In conjunction with short periods of CH4 accumulation and generally lower concentrations than previously assumed, our study implies that CH4 emission from Indian reservoirs has been greatly overestimated.  相似文献   

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