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太湖蓝藻水华预警监测综合系统的构建 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
近年来随着浅水型湖泊的富营养化进程不断加快,蓝藻水华暴发现象也频繁出现,采用科学、全面的手段对太湖蓝藻暴发进行预警十分必要。根据太湖蓝藻预警监测中使用的现场巡视、卫星遥感、实验室分析、自动监测等监测技术手段,分别建立各自监测系统,结合各监测系统特点和相互关系,对太湖蓝藻水华预警监测综合系统的构建进行了探讨,以期能够更好地开展太湖蓝藻水华预警监测工作,为确保太湖地区饮用水安全,提高环保部门应对太湖蓝藻水华暴发的能力,为政府决策提供技术支持和保障。 相似文献
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太湖流域是长江三角洲的核心区域,是我国人口密度最大、工农业生产发达、国民经济产值增长幅度最快的地区之一。近十多年来,太湖流域在经济总量翻番、环境压力大幅增加的情况下,流域控源减排成效显著,入湖河流水质稳步改善,现行以污染控制为主的水质目标治理体系发挥了重要作用。然而,太湖蓝藻水华仍常态化暴发,生态系统结构和功能尚未恢复,距离实现太湖水生态良性循环还有较大差距。面向美丽中国建设和长三角区域一体化发展的重大需求,在分析太湖流域水生态面临的主要问题的基础上,借鉴国外水环境治理成功经验,围绕流域污染防控、空间管控、生态修复、环境管理和科技攻关等方面,提出了建立促进太湖水生态健康的流域现代化治理体系的建议。 相似文献
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《环境监测管理与技术》2001,(3)
20 0 1年 4月 18日 ,全国人大常委会邹家华副委员长在中国环境科学研究院与环保系统的有关专家进行了座谈 ,中国环境监测总站丁中元副站长介绍了全国环境质量状况 ,并对邹家华副委员长关心的淮河及太湖的环境问题做了汇报。在会上 ,邹家华副委员长就当前环保工作面临的问题、环 相似文献
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智能算法及其在环境预警中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
智能算法具有学习非线性问题的能力,可有效优化环境模型结构与参数,是环境预警的重要工具。重点分析了遗传算法和人工神经网络的相关特征,并以太湖蓝藻水华预报预警为例,介绍其在提高环境模型精度中的应用。 相似文献
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富营养化是太湖面临的一个重大环境问题。富营养化预测是湖泊水质变化的有效预警手段。本文选择TN、TP和叶绿素a(Chl-a)三个富营养化重要评价指标,基于Minitab软件的相关性分析,利用MatlabR2010b软件建立了太湖TN、TP和Chl-a变化的BP人工神经网络预测模型。结果表明,在对TN、TP、Chl-a的预测中,训练的均方差在0.02以下,相关系数在0.88以上,测试的均方差在0.17以下,相关系数在0.70以上,具有较强的相关性;Chl-a、TN的模型预测的结果最为理想,TP的预测结果次之,总体结果较好。因此,建立的BP神经网络能较好地预测太湖富营养化指标的变化情况,可作为太湖富营养化管理的一个有效工具。 相似文献
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环境一号卫星CCD数据在太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测中的应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
利用环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD数据,对太湖水华进行遥感监测,并比对同时相的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据。结果表明,HJ-1星CCD数据具有优于EOS/MODIS数据的蓝藻水华识别能力,并有良好抗云层干扰能力,适合用于太湖蓝藻水华应急监测。 相似文献
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通过对3S技术整合,提出"MMA"技术路线应用于蓝藻水华监测,包括监测、测绘、分析等关键步骤。对太湖蓝藻水华研究结果表明,总体规律一致,但又有所差异。一方面,太湖蓝藻密度(CBD)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)及水华频率分布图结果均呈现"西高东低"的空间分布规律;另一方面,太湖湖心区CBD和Chl-a浓度亦较高,而遥感监测后的水华频率图显示为无水华或频率小于1%。故应参照"MMA"技术路线,综合应用3S技术,并核验比对,弥补单项技术存在的不足,全面真实反映藻类水华情况。"MMA"技术路线既适用于水华监测,亦可推广至其他环境监测工作。 相似文献
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Chaohu Lake is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophic lakes of China attracting more and more attention in the world-wide-concern. From Zhongmiao Temple to Qitouzui Cape, the lake is divided into two parts. The eutrophication state of the lake western part is more serious than that of the eastern part, mainly because the former is the final place of industrial and municipal wastewater from Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. Through six routine national sampling sites of the Western Chaohu Lake, we analyzed the yearly variation of eutrophication from 1984 to 2004, the monthly variation from 2001 to 2004 and the spatial distribution and variation of the six sampling sites in the year 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 with Trophic State Index (TSI). The main reasons for Chaohu Lake eutrophication and the spatial and temporal variations of eutrophication in Western Chaohu Lake were discussed. 相似文献
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Guo G Wu F He H Zhang R Feng C Li H Chang M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6815-6825
Lake Taihu provides vital ecological services for humans in China; it receives a great deal of attention regarding its ecological and environmental conditions. In this study, the ecological risks of eight individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water were assessed using probabilistic distributions of the hazard quotient based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the 95th percentile of the hazard quotients ranged from 0.00074 to 2.831, and the ecological risk of Flua was highest, followed by, in descending order of risk, B[a]P?>?Pyr?>?Ant?>?Phe?>?Flu?>?Ace?>?Chr. The probabilities of hazard quotients exceeding a decision criteria of 0.3 were 18.09%, 6.51%, 3.76%, and 2.85% for Flua, B[a]P, Pyr, and Ant, respectively, indicating their potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The spatial distribution of hazard quotients for these four individual PAHs with potential ecological risk were obtained using Geographic Information System (GIS), and similar spatial distribution patterns were also observed in the lake. The highest ecological risks of these four individual PAHs to aquatic organisms were found in Meiliang Bay, followed by Gonghu Bay and Xukou Bay. The uncertainty within the ecological risk assessment was also discussed. 相似文献
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Yu. A. Anokhin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1988,11(3):315-325
The global cycles of man-produced pollutants entering the natural environment are reflected in changes of pollutant cycles, even in background regions.The system of mathematical balance simulation models of inorganic pollutant distribution and circulation (some heavy metals and pesticides included in the priority list for integrated background monitoring) has been developed for the Lake Baikal drainage basin. The system consists of the following units: (1) inventory and classification of regional sources of pollutants entering the atmosphere, natural waters and soils; (2) computation of the global atmospheric transfer and depositions; (3) regional spreading with atmospheric fluxes and deposition onto the underlying surfaces; (4) transport with waterflows feeding Lake Baikal; (5) transport with the lake currents and balance in the lake.The models developed have enabled improvement of existing programmes and systems of observations, in particular to substantiate the large-scale snow sampling and analysis network, and to develop the programme of integrated surveys of the state of Lake Baikal. Since 1981 these actions have been included in the operational network observations within the Lake Baikal Monitoring System. 相似文献
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洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖,其生态价值十分重要。目前洞庭湖新污染物相关研究比较缺乏,也没有系统的综述进行归纳总结。微塑料和卤代有机污染物是近年来备受关注的新污染物,搜集历年研究成果,对这2类污染物在洞庭湖的污染水平、分布方式、污染来源进行归纳总结:洞庭湖微塑料污染水平在世界范围内处于中等,其主要来源包括上游输入、居民日常生活、农业生产及工业生产,湖泊各区域微塑料污染水平差异明显。卤代有机污染物在洞庭湖的浓度呈现随时间推移而降低的趋势,目前整体生态风险较低,但生物累积效应仍然值得警惕。在未来研究中应当关注河流与湖泊之间的相互影响,探究微塑料和卤代有机污染物对洞庭湖区生物造成的生物毒性,建立科学完善的监测方法并结合湖区具体情况对污染防治措施及污染物处理技术开展研究。 相似文献
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博斯腾湖矿化度现状分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
博斯腾湖是目前我国最大的内陆淡水湖,近40多年来,博斯腾湖矿化度年际变化经历了好→中→差→中的过程。本文在对博斯腾湖矿化度历史变化和博斯腾湖各区域矿化度分布调查分析的基础上,全面客观的分析了博斯腾湖矿化度的成因。通过对多年数据的分析,建立了矿化度与水位的定量关系模型,并就如何控制博斯腾湖矿化度提出了可行的对策。 相似文献