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简述了《江苏省生态环境监测条例》(以下简称《条例》)出台的重要意义,对《条例》的主要内容和特点进行了解读。《条例》于2020年5月1日正式实施,是我国首部生态环境监测地方性法规,也是落实党中央、国务院深化生态环境监测体制改革的具体举措,弥补了生态环境监测立法的空白。《条例》共分6章47条,重点建立了生态环境监测质量管理、监测机构监督管理、网络管理、污染源监测、监测信息公开与共享等制度,明确了统一监督管理、严厉打击监测数据造假等内容。提出,加快补齐监测网络建设、基层监测能力、污染源执法监测、社会监测机构监管等方面的短板,确保监测数据的真实准确,推动监测事业依法、科学、规范开展。 相似文献
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以规模化畜禽养殖业为调查对象,主要调查统计了蛋鸡、肉鸡、猪、肉牛、奶牛、羊。根据调查和数据统计,掌握了鞍山市规模化畜禽养殖业的特点及规模化畜禽养殖业污染物的排放量,并以此提出了污染防治对策。 相似文献
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夜间人工照明在给人们的生活生产带来诸多便利的同时,也产生了一系列生态影响,导致了夜间光污染这一新的环境问题。然而,目前对于夜间光污染的监测和防控还未得到重视。针对我国对生态环境保护和建设的新要求,简述了夜间光污染对于天文观测、人类身心健康、交通安全、生态系统和能源浪费方面的影响,列举了夜间光污染的监测方法,包括实地测量和卫星遥感监测。针对我国目前夜间光污染防治现状,提出了完善法律法规、开展监测和评价、健全监管体系、推动宣传和教育等方面的防治建议。 相似文献
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以南京市为例,从核定范围、核定对象、调查内容、核算方法、核算结果校核等方面分析了初始排污权核定的总体思路,设计了初始排污权核定的工作程序。总结归纳了实践中存在的政策性问题、技术性问题及其他普遍性问题,提出了加快相关政策条例的推进步伐、成立专门的技术机构、建立环保大数据平台、持续提升环境监测能力、加强公众参与等建议。 相似文献
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简述了地表水环境质量大数据分析的概念和意义,探讨了基于因素识别、数据选择、数据收集、数据整理、关联分析、模型验证和结果应用流程的地表水环境质量大数据分析技术路线,列举了4种典型的应用示例。提出,应建立数据共享机制,建立大数据分析工作程序,开发大数据分析应用软件,培养大数据分析技术人才。 相似文献
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彭华 《环境监测管理与技术》2011,23(1):39-41
2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出~167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有... 相似文献
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浅析气象因子对大气中低分子醛酮类有机物的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对广州市大气中低分子醛酮类有机污染物进行采样监测,并同步观测气象条件,分析气象因子与大气中低分子醛酮类有机物之间的相关性。结果表明:常规气象因子(温度、湿度、气压、风速等)对大气环境中醛酮类有机污染物的浓度有一定的影响。 相似文献
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综合考虑国内外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,结合实际调查情况,制定了石家庄市大气中优先控制挥发性有机物筛选的原则。对检出率高、贡献率高,可能对人体健康存在潜在危害性的挥发性有机物作筛选,提出了包含20种化合物的优先控制名单,其中卤代烃7种,芳香烃5种,酯类3种,酮类2种,烯烃、醛类和硫化物各1种。从化合物的用途和应用领域分析,医药化工行业可能是石家庄市区大气中挥发性有机物的主要排放源。 相似文献
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The present work attempts to identify VOC's in outdoor and indoor air in Mumbai City India. Ambient air was adsorbed on especially fabricated stainless steel cartridge packed with activated coconut charcoal at uniform flow rate. Qualitative identification of VOC's was done by thermally desorbing air from the cartridges and subsequent analysis on Varian GC-MS using NIST Library. The outdoor monitoring locations include residential area, commercial area, industrial, airport, petrol pumps, traffic junctions, arterial roads, highways, slums, parking area, service garages and municipal dump sites. The indoor locations comprised of air-conditioned and non air-conditioned offices, bedrooms, shops and instrumentation laboratory. The identified VOC's include aldehydes, ketones, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic acids, oxygenated hydrocarbons, amines, esters and halogenated compounds. Thirteen VOCs in outdoor air and seven in indoor air amongst those identified, figure in the list of Hazardous Air Pollutants listed in Title III of the U.S. EPA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. 相似文献
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Air sampling, using sorbents, thermal desorption and gas chromatography, is a versatile method for identifying and quantifying trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thermal desorption can provide high sensitivity, appropropriate choices of sorbents and method parameters can accommodate a wide range of compounds and high humidity, and automated short-path systems can minimize artifacts, losses and carry-over effects. This study evaluates the performance of a short-path thermal desorption method for 77 VOCs using laboratory and field tests and a dual sorbent system (Tenax GR, Carbosieve SIII). Laboratory tests showed that the method requirements for ambient air sampling were easily achieved for most compounds, e.g., using the average and standard deviation across target compounds, blank emissions were < or = 0.3 ng per sorbent tube for all target compounds except benzene, toluene and phenol; the method detection limit was 0.05 +/- 0.08 ppb, reproducibility was 12 +/- 6%, linearity, as the relative standard deviation of relative response factors, was 16 +/- 9%, desorption efficiency was 99 +/- 28%, samples stored for 1-6 weeks had recoveries of 87 +/- 9%, and high humidity samples had recoveries of 102 +/- 12%. Due to sorbent, column and detector characteristics, performance was somewhat poorer for phenol groups, ketones, and nitrogen containing compounds. The laboratory results were confirmed in an analysis of replicate samples collected in two field studies that sampled ambient air along roadways and indoor air in a large office building. Replicates collected under field conditions demonstrated good agreement except for very low concentrations or large (> 41 volume) samples of high humidity air. Overall, the method provides excellent performance and satisfactory throughput for many applications. 相似文献
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室内空气品质评价方法的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了国内外有关室内空气品质评价的研究现状,阐述了室内空气品质的主观评价法及其局限性,着重介绍了室内空气品质的客观评价方法。指出建立公正、权威的室内空气品质的评价方法是目前亟需解决的问题。 相似文献
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A new method for multi-objective optimization of air quality monitoring systems based on satellite remote sensing of the troposphere
is described in this work. The technique uses atmospheric turbidity as surrogate for air pollution loading. Through inverse
chemical modeling and ancillary information the respective patterns of primary gaseous and particle pollutants are inferred.
The optimization algorithm uses the resulting maps of ambient air pollution as input. It focuses on the gain of information
with regard to human exposure to high pollution, potential impact on cultural heritage, compliance to ambient air quality
standards, monitoring key point and area source emissions, as well as on the associated cost. Application of the method in
Brescia, Italy showed its significant potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of air quality monitoring networks at
the urban and regional scales. 相似文献
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Subbalakshmi Y Patti AF Lee GS Hooper MA 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(6):561-565
Organic air particulate matter was analysed by applying the techniques of Py-GC-MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and solid state 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Particles dislodged from air particulate filters and humic acid extracted from these filters were studied for structural components. The structural components of the air particles and extracted humic acid consisted of compounds originating from biomacromolecules, namely, lignin, carbohydrates, protein and lipids. The main components identified for each class included: (1) methoxyphenols originating from lignin; (2) furans, aldehydes and ketones from carbohydrates; (3) pyrrole, indoles from protein; and (4) many hydrocarbons from lipid structures. Single ion monitoring (SIM) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) methylation were utilised for detection of aliphatic hydrocarbons and acidic components, respectively. Hydrocarbons ranging from C9 to C28 were detected by SIM analysis, while aliphatic acids ranged from C9 to C18. The majority of components analysed directly in the air particles were similar to those from the humic acid extracts. Many of the structural components of air particles were typical of humic substances of soil and aqueous systems and these were attributed to both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. 相似文献