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1.
用Ames试验检测水源水和自来水中的遗传毒性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用微伤寒沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶系的Amaes试验,研究了不同季节物水源水及管网自来水中的遗传毒性,以XAD2树脂为吸附剂,以丙酮-甲醇的混合液为洗脱液,浓率水样中的有机物,并对部分阳性水样进行有机成分的定性分析。结果发现:13个水样中有7个样品在淡需要代谢活化系统S9的情况下,可诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌碱基移码型菌株的回复突变;不同水样在不同季节不同的诱导作用;同时通过GC/MS方法分析,发现阳性水  相似文献   

2.
介绍了用 GC/MS仪对水中微量有机污染物进行分离定性、定量的实验方法 ,并通过对实验结果的分析 ,阐述了高锰酸盐复合药剂 (PPC)对巢湖水中有机污染物的去除效率。文中表明 :GC/MS方法可检测的有机物范围很宽 ,它适用于可被 C18小柱从水中有效吸附 ,对气相色谱有足够的热稳定性和挥发性的有机化合物的分析。同时 ,由实验结果得到 :高锰酸盐复合药剂对巢湖水中有机污染物有较好的去除效果。  相似文献   

3.
工业废水对洹河有机污染的调查与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李烨  杨卫芳  阎波  李劲 《干旱环境监测》2005,19(4):204-206,219
采用适当的样品前处理技术,利用GC/MS对洹河水及焦化厂、染料厂废水进行有机污染物的分析,确定了工业废水对洹河造成有机污染的主要化合物,从而为企业污水的处理和洹河治理提供依据.  相似文献   

4.
应用小鼠淋巴细胞彗星试验对长治市5个点位地下水水质作遗传毒性研究。结果表明,各水样有机浓集物均可对小鼠淋巴细胞DNA产生不同程度的遗传损伤,随着剂量的增加,Olive尾矩与阴性对照组(0.72±0.09)相比均有显著性差异(P0.05,P0.01)。在试验浓度范围内,以彗星尾部DNA含量、彗星尾长、尾矩和Olive尾矩所指示的DNA损伤程度随剂量增大而逐渐增加,存在显著的剂量-效应关系,其相关系数0.815。  相似文献   

5.
固相萃取- GC/MS法测定水中邻苯二甲酸酯类   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中6种邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物,比较了不同固相萃取柱对萃取效果的影响,优化了水样pH值、水样流量、穿透体积、洗脱溶剂、洗脱剂体积、洗脱流量等萃取条件。方法在0.050μg/L-800μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.008μg/L~0.03μg/L,标准溶液测定的RSD≤10.5%,实际水样加标回收率为80.0%-100%。  相似文献   

6.
采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC/MS)检测了柳州市大气颗粒物样品中的PAHs,比较了柳州市各区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃含量的差异以及不同季节对多环芳烃含量的影响,讨论了其分布规律及污染源.  相似文献   

7.
炼油企业污水处理厂恶臭污染分布特征及规律   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用便携式GC/MS定性、定量分析了7家炼油企业污水处理厂的空气恶臭污染物,并用便携式总烃分析仪定量分析了总烃。结果表明:污染物为苯系物、烷烃和环烷烃、硫化物等。  相似文献   

8.
应用斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)对某废弃有机污染场地中有毒有机废弃物堆积产生的污水(1号塘污水)和场地及周边地表径流积水(2号塘污水)的生物毒性进行了试验.结果表明,1号塘污水对斑马鱼和凡纳对虾96 hLC50分别为46.2%和59.6%, 2号塘污水的毒性试验中两种试验生物的死亡率皆为0.化学检测表明,1号塘污水中的主要污染物为苯酚类和酞酸脂类物质,而2号塘污水中均未检出有机污染物.化学检测结果与毒性试验结果具有较好的相关性.  相似文献   

9.
气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用在我国环境监测中的应用   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
从系统分析和有机污染分析等方面出发 ,概述了气相色谱 质谱 (GC MS)联用在我国大气、水质、土壤等环境监测中所取得的重要成果 ,例如可测定多环芳烃、硝基多环芳烃、多氯二苯并二、多氯二苯并呋喃、农药、酚类、多氯联苯、恶臭、有机酸、有机硫化合物和苯系物、卤代烃、氯苯类等挥发性化合物 ,以及多组分有机污染物。  相似文献   

10.
采用国产高分子多孔树脂对地表水进行吸附富集,然后用溶剂洗脱、真空浓缩、最后用气相色谱/质量检测器/计算机联用技术鉴定有机污染物。对南京市秦淮河某断面水样分离出101种污染物,对其中相对含量较高、毒性较大的75种化合物进行了计算机自动检索和人工解析确认。  相似文献   

11.
In the study, discriminant analysis (DA) was applied to water quality data set monitored in winter and summer months along 3 years to investigate seasonal variations of Tahtali Reservoir water quality. The variables were divided into two categories as “parameters naturally found in surface waters—Al, Fe, Mn, F, Ba, Cl, and SO4” and “pollutants—biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and NO3”. Linear discriminant functions were calculated to distinguish between winter and summer samples. Results revealed that water quality variables (naturally found in surface water and also pollutants) were distinctly different between two seasons. Seasonal changes of water quality caused by anthropogenic activities should be taken into consideration by the water managers especially in summer seasons in which higher concentrations were observed. The study showed that DA can be applied successfully to establish the seasonal variation in surface water quality and make it possible to design a future temporal sampling strategy in an optimal manner.  相似文献   

12.
In order to achieve a more substantial appraisal of lake water quality, the assessment must not be based only on chemical measurements and analyses of the water itself, but even more so on the impact of existing conditions on aquatic biota. This is possible with the use of biotests or biomarkers, e.g. investigations of the developmental parameters (96-h embryotoxicity evaluate) or of the induction of heat shock proteins (proteotoxicity evaluate). To evaluate the suitability of these tests for environmental screening, fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to water samples collected from five sites of varying levels of stress from Laguna Lake, Philippines. Reconstituted water was used as laboratory control while water samples from a highly polluted freshwater source was used as positive control. Developmental parameters were noted and described within 48 and 96 h of exposure. Dilution experiments of the positive control were also done to further assess and compare toxicity potentials of Laguna Lake waters with those originating from a polluted freshwater. After the 96-h exposure, the levels of stress proteins (hsp 70) were determined in embryos from all exposure groups. Results showed 100% mortality in embryos exposed to undiluted positive control (PC) within only 12 h. Increasing dilution levels, however, resulted in lower mortality and lower abnormality rates. No detectable developmental differences were noted among embryos exposed to either the laboratory control or Laguna Lake waters at the end of 96 h, regardless of the source. Very high survival rates and high hatching success rates were observed in embryos exposed to lake waters as well as laboratory control, and the data did not differ significantly among the groups. Likewise, no significant malformations were noted among all developing embryos throughout the exposure period. However, the levels of heat shock proteins in the two sites located closest to Manila, the Philippine capital (Northern West Bay and Central West Bay), showed a pronounced elevation relative to the control, indicating that these stress proteins protect the embryos from the detrimental effects of pollutants in the water. Based on the 96-h early life stage (ELS) test, the water quality of the lake is good for fishery propagation despite the current levels of pollutants in the water. This finding is in accordance with the Class C status (i.e. suitable for fish growth and propagation) as given to the lake by the local environmental agency. On the other hand, data on proteotoxicity showed that the fish are under stress, presumably deriving from pollutants. This calls for a continuous monitoring and improvement of the lake water. The present study indicates that the two biomarker methods are very easy to use, practical, rapid, and sensitive for assessing water quality in a tropical lake and recommends for their incorporation into the future monitoring program of Laguna Lake.  相似文献   

13.
The present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of surface water from the Lucrecia dam. The Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test and CBMN assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were applied, corresponding to an in vivo and in vitro system, respectively. Heavy metals and some physicochemical properties were also measured. Water samples were collected in November 2009 (dry season) and May 2010 (rainy season) at three different points. Results of both assays for raw water showed positive responses for the points analyzed when compared to the negative control. The CBMN assay showed that diluted water was still able to induce a significant increase in micronucleus frequency. For both assays, the highest mean MN was observed in the dry season. Chemical analyses detected an increase in heavy metal levels at the sampling points and in the different seasons. These findings indicate the presence of genotoxins, such as heavy metals, in the water, which may be affecting the entire ecosystem, as well as human health. More prolonged monitoring is recommended in order to better characterize this public water supply.  相似文献   

14.
Spatial and seasonal distribution and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), identified as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency, were investigated in the surface water of the Taizi River in Liaoning Province, northeast of China. Samples were collected from the mainstream, and tributaries of the Taizi River in dry, wet, and normal seasons. Five important industrial point sources were also monitored. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 454.5 to 1,379.7 ng l?1 in the dry season, 1,801.6 to 5,868.9 ng l?1 in the wet season, and 367.0 to 5,794.5 ng l?1 in the normal season. The total PAH concentrations were significantly increased in the order of wet season > normal season > dry season. The profile of PAHs in the surface water samples was dominated by low molecular weight PAHs particularly with two- and three-ring components in the three seasons, suggesting that the PAHs were from a relatively recent local source. Source identification inferred that the PAHs in the surface water of the Taizi River came from both petrogenic inputs and pyrogenic sources.  相似文献   

15.
2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出~167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...  相似文献   

16.
In this research, probable arsenic contamination in drinking water in the city of Ardabil was studied in 163 samples during four seasons. In each season, sampling was carried out randomly in the study area. Results were analyzed statistically applying SPSS 19 software, and the data was also modeled by Arc GIS 10.1 software. The maximum permissible arsenic concentration in drinking water defined by the World Health Organization and Iranian national standard is 10 μg/L. Statistical analysis showed 75, 88, 47, and 69% of samples in autumn, winter, spring, and summer, respectively, had concentrations higher than the national standard. The mean concentrations of arsenic in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were 19.89, 15.9, 10.87, and 14.6 μg/L, respectively, and the overall average in all samples through the year was 15.32 μg/L. Although GIS outputs indicated that the concentration distribution profiles changed in four consecutive seasons, variance analysis of the results showed that statistically there is no significant difference in arsenic levels in four seasons.  相似文献   

17.
The lack of information and the need for knowledge on the organic pollutants within the area of KwaZulu-Natal together with the global problem of water supply have prompted our investigation into the analyses of eight polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the Msunduzi River of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Soil, sediment, and water samples were collected at ten different sites along the river during winter and spring seasons. Soil and sediment samples were extracted using ultra sonication with dichloromethane while water samples were liquid-liquid extracted using dichloromethane. All sample extracts were cleaned-up using a multi-layer silica gel column and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quality assurance measures were also determined. The percentage recoveries for water were 53–128 for all the PCBs analyzed, while sediment recoveries ranged between 69 and 105%. The highest total concentrations of the PCBs in sediment were 214.21–610.45 ng/g dw at the Du Toit sampling site and 30.86–444.43 ng/g dw basis at the wastewater treatment inlet for winter and spring, respectively. Soil PCB concentrations were 76.53–397.75 ng/g dw at the Msunduzi Town sampling site and 20.84–443.49 ng/g (dry weight) at the Du Toit sampling site for winter and spring, respectively. In addition, high PCB concentrations were found in effluent of the wastewater treatment inlet compared to other sampling sites, which ranged between 0.68–22.37 and 2.53–35.69 ng/mL for winter and spring seasons, respectively. In all the sampling sites selected for this study, Du Toit afforded the highest PCB concentration levels and the lowest was after chlorination at the Darvill wastewater treatment plant. The results presented are new and it is the first study of organic pollutants such as PCBs that has been carried out on this river.  相似文献   

18.
Forty-four water samples from eleven sampling points were collected from four highly polluted rivers of northern India once in each four seasons during 1988–1989. The samples were analyzed for phenol, chlorophenols, a few bromophenols and other organics. Phenol was found to be absent in all the analyzed samples. Trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were frequently detected. Comparatively, the Ganges river was most polluted at Kannauj followed by Narora, Kachala and Fatehgarh. Maximum phenols were found at Mathura downstream of the Yamuna river followed by Mathura upstream, Okhla, ITO and none at Wazirabad. No phenols were detected in the water of the rivers Hindon and Kali at Ghaziabad and Aligarh, respectively. Some other organic pollutants were also identified by their mass spectra and supported by data from the computerized library, but, not quantified.To whom correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

19.
Combining genotoxicity/mutagenicity tests and physico-chemical methodologies can be useful for determining the potential genotoxic contaminants in soil samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of soil by applying an integrated physico-chemical-biological approach. Soil samples were collected at six sampling points in a Slovenian industrial and agricultural region where contamination by heavy metals and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are primarily caused by a nearby power plant. The in vitro alkaline version of the comet assay on water soil leachates was performed with Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. A parallel genotoxicity evaluation of the samples was performed by Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium and the Tradescantia micronucleus test. Pedological analyses, heavy metal content determination, and different physico-chemical analyses, were also performed utilizing standard methodology. Water leachates of soil samples were prepared according to standard methods. Since only a battery of biotests with prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms or cells can accurately estimate the effects of (geno)toxicants in soil samples and water soil leachates, a combination of three bioassays, with cells or organisms belonging to different trophic levels, was used. Genotoxicity of all six water soil leachates was proven by the comet assay on both human cell lines, however no positive results were detected by bacterial assay, Ames test. The Tradescantia micronucleus assay showed increase in micronuclei formation for three samples. According to these results we can assume that the comet assay was the most sensitive assay, followed by the micronucleus test. The Ames test does not appear to be sensitive enough for water soil leachates genotoxicity evaluations where heavy metal contamination is anticipated.  相似文献   

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